scholarly journals EEG-Based Intersubject Correlations Reflect Selective Attention in a Competing Speaker Scenario

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marc Rosenkranz ◽  
Björn Holtze ◽  
Manuela Jaeger ◽  
Stefan Debener
Keyword(s):  
Brain Activity ◽  
Neural Representation ◽  
Sensory Stimuli ◽  
Previous Evidence ◽  
Group Data ◽  
Attentional Engagement ◽  
Speech Envelope ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Electroencephalogram Eeg

Several solutions have been proposed to study the relationship between ongoing brain activity and natural sensory stimuli, such as running speech. Computing the intersubject correlation (ISC) has been proposed as one possible approach. Previous evidence suggests that ISCs between the participants’ electroencephalogram (EEG) may be modulated by attention. The current study addressed this question in a competing-speaker paradigm, where participants (N = 41) had to attend to one of two concurrently presented speech streams. ISCs between participants’ EEG were higher for participants attending to the same story compared to participants attending to different stories. Furthermore, we found that ISCs between individual and group data predicted whether an individual attended to the left or right speech stream. Interestingly, the magnitude of the shared neural response with others attending to the same story was related to the individual neural representation of the attended and ignored speech envelope. Overall, our findings indicate that ISC differences reflect the magnitude of selective attentional engagement to speech.

scholarly journals The relationship between fasting-induced torpor, sleep and waking in laboratory mice

SLEEP ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yi-Ge Huang ◽  
Sarah J Flaherty ◽  
Carina A Pothecary ◽  
Russell G Foster ◽  
Stuart N Peirson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Temperature ◽  
Rem Sleep ◽  
Brain Activity ◽  
Mammalian Species ◽  
Nrem Sleep ◽  
Laboratory Mice ◽  
State Classification ◽  
Metabolic Suppression ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Electroencephalogram Eeg

Abstract Study objectives Torpor is a regulated and reversible state of metabolic suppression used by many mammalian species to conserve energy. Whereas the relationship between torpor and sleep has been well-studied in seasonal hibernators, less is known about the effects of fasting-induced torpor on states of vigilance and brain activity in laboratory mice. Methods Continuous monitoring of electroencephalogram (EEG), electromyogram (EMG) and surface body temperature was undertaken in adult, male C57BL/6 mice over consecutive days of scheduled restricted feeding. Results All animals showed bouts of hypothermia that became progressively deeper and longer as fasting progressed. EEG and EMG were markedly affected by hypothermia, although the typical electrophysiological signatures of NREM sleep, REM sleep and wakefulness enabled us to perform vigilance-state classification in all cases. Consistent with previous studies, hypothermic bouts were initiated from a state indistinguishable from NREM sleep, with EEG power decreasing gradually in parallel with decreasing surface body temperature. During deep hypothermia, REM sleep was largely abolished, and we observed shivering-associated intense bursts of muscle activity. Conclusions Our study highlights important similarities between EEG signatures of fasting-induced torpor in mice, daily torpor in Djungarian hamsters and hibernation in seasonally-hibernating species. Future studies are necessary to clarify the effects on fasting-induced torpor on subsequent sleep.

Enhancement of Eye Motor Response and Electrical Brain Activity during Noise and Vibration in Rabbits

1982 ◽  
Vol 90 (1) ◽  
pp. 130-138 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ilmari Pyykkö ◽  
Izuru Matsuoka ◽  
Shinsuke Ito ◽  
Manabe Hinoki
Keyword(s):  
Motor Response ◽  
Optokinetic Nystagmus ◽  
Dorsal Hippocampus ◽  
Brain Activity ◽  
Noise And Vibration ◽  
Implanted Electrodes ◽  
Theta Waves ◽  
Electrical Brain Activity ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Electroencephalogram Eeg

The relationship between electroencephalogram (EEG) and eye movements was studied in rabbits during optokinetic, vestibular, and optovestibular tests. EEG was recorded through permanently implanted electrodes. Exposure to noise and vibration increased the frequency and the velocity of optokinetic nystagmus (OKN). The increase was greater during vibration but greatest during combined noise and vibration. EEG activity was closely linked to changes in OKN and was particularly evident with the appearance of theta waves in the dorsal hippocampus. Also, rotation of the rabbit produced considerable activation in the EEG.

Individual Alpha Frequency Relates to the Sound-Induced Flash Illusion

2017 ◽  
Vol 30 (6) ◽  
pp. 565-578 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julian Keil ◽  
Daniel Senkowski
Keyword(s):  
Cortical Excitability ◽  
Multisensory Processing ◽  
Audiovisual Integration ◽  
Source Analysis ◽  
Neural Oscillations ◽  
Sensory Stimuli ◽  
Alpha Frequency ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Individual Alpha Frequency ◽  
The Relationship

Ongoing neural oscillations reflect fluctuations of cortical excitability. A growing body of research has underlined the role of neural oscillations for stimulus processing. Neural oscillations in the alpha band have gained special interest in electrophysiological research on perception. Recent studies proposed the idea that neural oscillations provide temporal windows in which sensory stimuli can be perceptually integrated. This also includes multisensory integration. In the current high-density EEG-study we examined the relationship between the individual alpha frequency (IAF) and cross-modal audiovisual integration in the sound-induced flash illusion (SIFI). In 26 human volunteers we found a negative correlation between the IAF and the SIFI illusion rate. Individuals with a lower IAF showed higher audiovisual illusions. Source analysis suggested an involvement of the visual cortex, especially the calcarine sulcus, for this relationship. Our findings corroborate the notion that the IAF affects the cross-modal integration of auditory on visual stimuli in the SIFI. We integrate our findings with recent observations on the relationship between audiovisual integration and neural oscillations and suggest a multifaceted influence of neural oscillations on multisensory processing.

MONOTONOUS TASKS AND ALCOHOL CONSUMPTION EFFECTS ON THE BRAIN BY EEG ANALYSIS USING NEURAL NETWORKS

2012 ◽  
Vol 11 (03) ◽  
pp. 1250015 ◽  
Author(s):  
STEPHEN KARUNGARU ◽  
TOSHIHIRO YOSHIDA ◽  
TORU SEO ◽  
MINORU FUKUMI ◽  
KENJI TERADA
Keyword(s):  
Neural Networks ◽  
Mental Stress ◽  
Brain Activity ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Eeg Signals ◽  
Linear Discriminant ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Electroencephalogram Eeg ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Eeg Signal Analysis

An analysis of the Electroencephalogram (EEG) signals while performing a monotonous task and drinking alcohol using principal component analysis (PCA), linear discriminant analysis (LDA) for feature extraction and Neural Networks (NNs) for classification is proposed. The EEG is captured while performing a monotonous task that can adversely affect the brain and possibly cause stress. Moreover, we investigate the effects of alcohol on the brain by capturing the data continuously after consumption of equal amounts of alcohol. We hope that our work will shed more light on the relationship between such actions and EEG, and investigate if there is any relation between the tasks and mental stress. EEG signals offers a rare look at brain activity, while, monotonous activities are well known to cause irritation which may contribute to mental stress. We apply PCA and LDA to characterize the change in each component, extract it and discriminate using a NN. After experiments, it was found that PCA and LDA are effective analysis methods in EEG signal analysis.

scholarly journals The relationship between fasting-induced torpor, sleep and wakefulness in the laboratory mouse

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yi G. Huang ◽  
Sarah J. Flaherty ◽  
Carina A. Pothecary ◽  
Russell G. Foster ◽  
Stuart N. Peirson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Temperature ◽  
Rem Sleep ◽  
Brain Activity ◽  
Mammalian Species ◽  
Laboratory Mouse ◽  
Nrem Sleep ◽  
Early Ontogeny ◽  
State Classification ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Electroencephalogram Eeg

AbstractTorpor is a regulated reversible state of metabolic suppression used by many mammalian species to conserve energy. Although torpor has been studied extensively in terms of general physiology, metabolism and neuroendocrinology, the effects of hypometabolism and associated hypothermia on brain activity and states of vigilance have received little attention. Here we performed continuous monitoring of electroencephalogram (EEG), electromyogram (EMG) and peripheral body temperature in adult, male C57BL/6 mice over consecutive days of scheduled restricted feeding. All animals showed prominent bouts of hypothermia that became progressively deeper and longer as fasting progressed. EEG and EMG were markedly affected by hypothermia, although the typical electrophysiological signatures of NREM sleep, REM sleep and wakefulness allowed us to perform vigilance-state classification in all cases. Invariably, hypothermia bouts were initiated from a state indistinguishable from NREM sleep, with EEG power decreasing gradually in parallel with decreasing body temperature. Furthermore, during deep hypothermia REM sleep was largely abolished, but we observed brief and intense bursts of muscle activity, which resembled the regular motor discharges seen during early ontogeny associated with immature sleep patterns. We conclude that torpor and sleep are electrophysiologically on a continuum, and that, in order for torpor to occur, mice need to first transition through euthermic sleep.

scholarly journals Multiplexed imaging of single-synapse activity and astroglial responses in the intact brain

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
James P. Reynolds ◽  
Kaiyu Zheng ◽  
Dmitri A. Rusakov
Keyword(s):  
Optical Sensors ◽  
Barrel Cortex ◽  
Brain Activity ◽  
Mammalian Brain ◽  
Sensory Stimuli ◽  
Spontaneous Brain Activity ◽  
Intact Brain ◽  
Repeated Sampling ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Single Synapse

All-optical registration of neuronal and astrocytic activities within the intact mammalian brain has improved significantly with recent advances in optical sensors and biophotonics. However, relating single-synapse release events and local astroglial responses to sensory stimuli in an intact animal has not hitherto been feasible. Here, we present a multiplexed multiphoton excitation imaging approach for assessing the relationship between presynaptic Ca2+ entry at thalamocortical axonal boutons and perisynaptic astrocytic Ca 2+ elevations, induced by whisker stimulation in the barrel cortex of C57BL/6 mice. We find that, unexpectedly, Ca 2+ elevations in the perisynaptic astrocytic regions consistently precede local presynaptic Ca 2+ signals during spontaneous brain activity associated with anaesthesia. The methods described here can be adapted to a variety of optical sensors and are compatible with experimental designs that might necessitate repeated sampling of single synapses over a longitudinal behavioural paradigm.

scholarly journals The Cortex-based Alignment Approach to TMS Coil Positioning

2014 ◽  
Vol 26 (10) ◽  
pp. 2321-2329 ◽  
Author(s):  
Felix Duecker ◽  
Martin A. Frost ◽  
Tom A. de Graaf ◽  
Britta Graewe ◽  
Christianne Jacobs ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Functional Data ◽  
Functional Group ◽  
Brain Activity ◽  
Fmri Data ◽  
Brain Anatomy ◽  
Brain Areas ◽  
Functional Regions ◽  
Anatomical Data ◽  
Group Data ◽  
The Individual

TMS allows noninvasive manipulation of brain activity in healthy participants and patients. The effectiveness of TMS experiments critically depends on precise TMS coil positioning, which is best for most brain areas when a frameless stereotactic system is used to target activation foci based on individual fMRI data. From a purely scientific perspective, individual fMRI-guided TMS is thus the method of choice to ensure optimal TMS efficiency. Yet, from a more practical perspective, such individual functional data are not always available, and therefore alternative TMS coil positioning approaches are often applied, for example, based on functional group data reported in Talairach coordinates. We here propose a novel method for TMS coil positioning that is based on functional group data, yet only requires individual anatomical data. We used cortex-based alignment (CBA) to transform individual anatomical data to an atlas brain that includes probabilistic group maps of two functional regions (FEF and hMT+/V5). Then, these functional group maps were back-transformed to the individual brain anatomy, preserving functional–anatomical correspondence. As a proof of principle, the resulting CBA-based functional targets in individual brain space were compared with individual FEF and hMT+/V5 hotspots as conventionally localized with individual fMRI data and with targets based on Talairach coordinates as commonly done in TMS research in case only individual anatomical data are available. The CBA-based approach significantly improved localization of functional brain areas compared with traditional Talairach-based targeting. Given the widespread availability of CBA schemes and preexisting functional group data, the proposed procedure is easy to implement and at no additional measurement costs. However, the accuracy of individual fMRI-guided TMS remains unparalleled, and the CBA-based approach should only be the method of choice when individual functional data cannot be obtained or experimental factors argue against it.

scholarly journals Uncovering the geometry of color space with magnetoencephalography (MEG)

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Isabelle Rosenthal ◽  
Shridhar Singh ◽  
Katherine Hermann ◽  
Dimitrios Pantazis ◽  
Bevil R. Conway
Keyword(s):  
Brain Activity ◽  
Color Space ◽  
Color Naming ◽  
Neural Representation ◽  
Neural Responses ◽  
New Approach ◽  
Reverse Engineer ◽  
Direct Measurements ◽  
Similarity Relationships ◽  
The Relationship

The geometry that describes the relationship among colors is unsettled despite centuries of study. Here we present a new approach, using multivariate analyses of direct measurements of brain activity obtained with magnetoencephalography to reverse-engineer the geometry of the neural representation of color space. The analyses depend upon determining similarity relationships among the neural responses to different colors and assessing how these relationships change in time. To evaluate the approach, we relate patterns of neural activity to universal patterns in color naming. Control experiments showed that responses to color words could not decode activity elicited by color stimuli. The results suggest that three patterns of color naming can be accounted for by decoding the similarity relationships in the neural representation of color: the association of warm colors such as reds and oranges with “light” and cool colors such as blues and greens with “dark”; the greater precision among all languages in naming warm colors compared to cool colors; and the preeminence of red.

scholarly journals Differential Effects of Simulated Cortical Network Lesions on Synchrony and EEG Complexity

2019 ◽  
Vol 29 (04) ◽  
pp. 1850024 ◽  
Author(s):  
Antonio José Ibáñez-Molina ◽  
Sergio Iglesias-Parro ◽  
Javier Escudero
Keyword(s):  
Brain Function ◽  
Brain Activity ◽  
Spatial Location ◽  
Sample Entropy ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Kuramoto Oscillators ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Electroencephalogram Eeg ◽  
The Brain

Brain function has been proposed to arise as a result of the coordinated activity between distributed brain areas. An important issue in the study of brain activity is the characterization of the synchrony among these areas and the resulting complexity of the system. However, the variety of ways to define and, hence, measure brain synchrony and complexity has sometimes led to inconsistent results. Here, we study the relationship between synchrony and commonly used complexity estimators of electroencephalogram (EEG) activity and we explore how simulated lesions in anatomically based cortical networks would affect key functional measures of activity. We explored this question using different types of neural network lesions while the brain dynamics was modeled with a time-delayed set of 66 Kuramoto oscillators. Each oscillator modeled a region of the cortex (node), and the connectivity and spatial location between different areas informed the creation of a network structure (edges). Each type of lesion consisted on successive lesions of nodes or edges during the simulation of the neural dynamics. For each type of lesion, we measured the synchrony among oscillators and three complexity estimators (Higuchi’s Fractal Dimension, Sample Entropy and Lempel-Ziv Complexity) of the simulated EEGs. We found a general negative correlation between EEG complexity metrics and synchrony but Sample Entropy and Lempel-Ziv showed a positive correlation with synchrony when the edges of the network were deleted. This suggests an intricate relationship between synchrony of the system and its estimated complexity. Hence, complexity seems to depend on the multiple states of interaction between the oscillators of the system. Our results can contribute to the interpretation of the functional meaning of EEG complexity.

scholarly journals Individual Features in the Typology of the Nervous System and the Brain Activity Dynamics of Freestyle Wrestlers Exposed to a Strong Physical Activity (a Pilot Study)

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 79
Author(s):  
Irina Polikanova ◽  
Sergey Leonov ◽  
Aleksey Isaev ◽  
Liudmila Liutsko
Keyword(s):  
Nervous System ◽  
Brain Activity ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Functional System ◽  
Moderate Increase ◽  
Sports Activity ◽  
Regulatory Systems ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Electroencephalogram Eeg

Nowadays, knowledge of psychophysiological features, particularly on the nervous system’s characteristics, is essential in the sporting context, particularly for freestyle wrestling. The study aimed to investigate the peculiarities of the wrestlers’ nervous system—on the individual and electrophysiological levels in two functional states—in calm wakefulness and during intense physical fatigue. Psychological (Well-being, Activity, Mood; Spielberger–Hanin; Leonhard’s questionnaires), as well as electrophysiological techniques (dynamics of the dominant and average frequencies of the main electroencephalogram (EEG) spectra—theta, alpha, low and high-frequency beta rhythms), were used in the study. It was shown that athletes were mainly characterized by the hyperthymic type of character accentuation and a low frequency of theta rhythm in a calm wakefulness state. After the acute physical load, wrestlers with high hyperthymia showed a moderate increase in theta, whereas other athletes showed a decrease in this parameter. Regardless of the level of hyperthymic accentuation, all wrestlers were characterized by an increase in the frequency of alpha rhythm after exercises in the left hemisphere. These results suggest the existence of a particular functional system in freestyle wrestlers, which allows the body’s regulatory systems to be adapted for the effective implementation of sports activity.

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