Differential Effects of Simulated Cortical Network Lesions on Synchrony and EEG Complexity

Brain function has been proposed to arise as a result of the coordinated activity between distributed brain areas. An important issue in the study of brain activity is the characterization of the synchrony among these areas and the resulting complexity of the system. However, the variety of ways to define and, hence, measure brain synchrony and complexity has sometimes led to inconsistent results. Here, we study the relationship between synchrony and commonly used complexity estimators of electroencephalogram (EEG) activity and we explore how simulated lesions in anatomically based cortical networks would affect key functional measures of activity. We explored this question using different types of neural network lesions while the brain dynamics was modeled with a time-delayed set of 66 Kuramoto oscillators. Each oscillator modeled a region of the cortex (node), and the connectivity and spatial location between different areas informed the creation of a network structure (edges). Each type of lesion consisted on successive lesions of nodes or edges during the simulation of the neural dynamics. For each type of lesion, we measured the synchrony among oscillators and three complexity estimators (Higuchi’s Fractal Dimension, Sample Entropy and Lempel-Ziv Complexity) of the simulated EEGs. We found a general negative correlation between EEG complexity metrics and synchrony but Sample Entropy and Lempel-Ziv showed a positive correlation with synchrony when the edges of the network were deleted. This suggests an intricate relationship between synchrony of the system and its estimated complexity. Hence, complexity seems to depend on the multiple states of interaction between the oscillators of the system. Our results can contribute to the interpretation of the functional meaning of EEG complexity.

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Induced Theta Activity as a Biomarker for a Morbid Effect of Alcoholism on the Brain in Long-Term Abstinent Alcoholics

Journal of Psychophysiology ◽

10.1027/0269-8803/a000089 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 27 (2) ◽

pp. 76-83 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Casey S. Gilmore ◽

George Fein

Keyword(s):

Brain Function ◽

Target Stimulus ◽

Brain Activity ◽

Theta Activity ◽

Theta Oscillations ◽

Time Frequency ◽

Related Information ◽

The Relationship ◽

The Brain

Event-related, target stimulus-phase-locked (evoked) brain activity in both the time and time-frequency (TF) domains (the P3b ERP; evoked theta oscillations) has been shown to be reduced in alcoholics. Recently, studies have suggested that there is alcohol-related information in the non-stimulus-phase-locked (induced) theta TF activity. We applied TF analysis to target stimulus event-related EEG recorded during an oddball task from 41 long-term abstinent alcoholics (LTAA) and 74 nonalcoholic controls (NAC) to investigate the relationship between P3b, evoked theta, and induced theta activity. Results showed that an event-related synchronization (ERS) of induced theta (1) was larger in LTAA compared to NAC, and (2) was sensitive to differences between LTAA and NAC groups that was independent of the differences accounted for by P3b amplitude or evoked theta. These findings suggest that increased induced theta ERS may likely be a biomarker for a morbid effect of alcohol abuse on brain function.

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MONOTONOUS TASKS AND ALCOHOL CONSUMPTION EFFECTS ON THE BRAIN BY EEG ANALYSIS USING NEURAL NETWORKS

International Journal of Computational Intelligence and Applications ◽

10.1142/s1469026812500150 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 11 (03) ◽

pp. 1250015 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

STEPHEN KARUNGARU ◽

TOSHIHIRO YOSHIDA ◽

TORU SEO ◽

MINORU FUKUMI ◽

KENJI TERADA

Keyword(s):

Neural Networks ◽

Mental Stress ◽

Brain Activity ◽

Principal Component ◽

Eeg Signals ◽

Linear Discriminant ◽

The Relationship ◽

Electroencephalogram Eeg ◽

The Brain ◽

Eeg Signal Analysis

An analysis of the Electroencephalogram (EEG) signals while performing a monotonous task and drinking alcohol using principal component analysis (PCA), linear discriminant analysis (LDA) for feature extraction and Neural Networks (NNs) for classification is proposed. The EEG is captured while performing a monotonous task that can adversely affect the brain and possibly cause stress. Moreover, we investigate the effects of alcohol on the brain by capturing the data continuously after consumption of equal amounts of alcohol. We hope that our work will shed more light on the relationship between such actions and EEG, and investigate if there is any relation between the tasks and mental stress. EEG signals offers a rare look at brain activity, while, monotonous activities are well known to cause irritation which may contribute to mental stress. We apply PCA and LDA to characterize the change in each component, extract it and discriminate using a NN. After experiments, it was found that PCA and LDA are effective analysis methods in EEG signal analysis.

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ANALYSIS OF THE CORRELATION BETWEEN BRAIN AND SKIN REACTIONS TO DIFFERENT TYPES OF MUSIC

Fractals ◽

10.1142/s0218348x21501243 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 29 (02) ◽

pp. 2150124

Author(s):

HAMIDREZA NAMAZI ◽

DUMITRU BALEANU ◽

SHAFIUL OMAM ◽

ONDREJ KREJCAR

Keyword(s):

Rock Music ◽

Research Area ◽

Sample Entropy ◽

Skin Reactions ◽

Dimension Formula ◽

Different Types ◽

Skin Response ◽

Important Research Area ◽

Electroencephalogram Eeg ◽

The Brain

Evaluation of the correlation among the activities of various organs is an important research area in physiology. In this paper, we analyzed the correlation between the brain and skin reactions in response to various auditory stimuli. We played three different music (relaxing, pop, and rock music) to eleven subjects (4 M and 7 F, 18–22 years old) and accordingly analyzed the changes in the complexity of Electroencephalogram (EEG) and Galvanic Skin Response (GSR) signals by calculating their fractal exponent and sample entropy. A strong correlation was observed among the alterations of the complexity of GSR and EEG signals in the case of fractal dimension ([Formula: see text]) and also sample entropy ([Formula: see text]), which indicates the correlation between the activities of skin and brain. This analysis method could be further applied to investigate the correlation among the activities of the brain and other organs of the human body.

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A Functional NIRS Study of Brain Functional Networks Induced by Social Time Coordination

Brain Sciences ◽

10.3390/brainsci9020043 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 9 (2) ◽

pp. 43

Author(s):

Megumi Mizuno ◽

Tomoyuki Hiroyasu ◽

Satoru Hiwa

Keyword(s):

Brain Function ◽

Data Clustering ◽

Near Infrared ◽

Brain Activity ◽

Brain Regions ◽

Functional Networks ◽

Functional Near Infrared Spectroscopy ◽

Social Time ◽

The Relationship ◽

The Brain

The ability to coordinate one’s behavior with the others’ behavior is essential to achieve a joint action in daily life. In this paper, the brain activity during synchronized tapping task was measured using functional near infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) to investigate the relationship between time coordination and brain function. Furthermore, using brain functional network analysis based on graph theory, we examined important brain regions and network structures that serve as the hub when performing the synchronized tapping task. Using the data clustering method, two types of brain function networks were extracted and associated with time coordination, suggesting that they were involved in expectation and imitation behaviors.

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Profil Electroencephalogram (EEG) Pasien Rumah Sakit Angkatan Laut Dr. Ramelan Surabaya Periode Januari 2018 sampai Desember 2018

Hang Tuah Medical journal ◽

10.30649/htmj.v16i2.157 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 16 (2) ◽

pp. 153

Author(s):

ERIC HARTONO TEDYANTO ◽

NI KOMANG SRI DEWI UTAMI ◽

WIENTA DIASVITRI

Keyword(s):

Brain Cortex ◽

Total Population ◽

Brain Activity ◽

Descriptive Research ◽

Different Types ◽

Naval Hospital ◽

Electroencephalogram Eeg ◽

The Brain ◽

Eeg Pattern ◽

Simultaneous Activity

ABSTRAKPendahuluan: Elektroensefalogram atau rekam kelistrikkan otak adalah metode dalam neurofisiologi yang telah terbukti dapat diaplikasikan dalam ilmu kedokteran. Berbagai tipe dari ritme otak yang simultan menunjukkan bahwa aktivitas dari neuron korteks otak bergantung pada kondisi status mental seseorang. Tujuan: untuk mengetahui pola gelombang EEG pasien di RSAL dr. Ramelan Surabaya. Metode: Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian deskriptif dengan metode studi prevalensi. Teknik pengambilan sampling adalah Total Population yaitu semua pasien yang melakukan pemeriksaan EEG yang didapat dari rekam medik ruang EEG RSAL dr. Ramelan Surabaya periode Januari 2018 sampai Desember 2018 yang memenuhi kriteria inklusi dan eksklusi dari sampel. Hasil: Pasien yang paling sering melakukan pemeriksaan berdasarkan usia adalah usia balita, berdasarkan jenis kelamin adalah laki-laki, dan berdasarkan diagnosa klinis adalah konvulsif epilepsy dengan pola gelombang tersering yaitu SW.Kata kunci: elektroensefalogram, kelistrikkan otak, epilepsi.ABSTRACTIntroduction: An electroencephalogram (EEG) is an accepted method in neurophysiology with a wide application. Different types of brain rhythms indicate that simultaneous activity of the brain cortex neurons depend on the person’s mental state. Aim: to know the EEG pattern of patients at dr. Ramelan Naval Hospital Surabaya. Method: this research is a descriptive research with prevalence study method. Using total population for sampling, all patients who did the electroencephalogram examination at dr. Ramelan Naval Hospital Surabaya period January 2018 until December 2018. Result: Toddlers were the most frequently patients who did electroencephalogram examination. Based on sex, male were the most frequent. Based on clinical diagnose, patient with convulsive epilepsy are the most frequent with SW wave result.Keywords: electroencephalogram, brain activity, epilepsy.

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Implantable neural interfaces

10.1093/oso/9780199674923.003.0050 ◽

2018 ◽

Author(s):

Stefano Vassanelli

Keyword(s):

Brain Function ◽

Large Scale ◽

Ionic Channels ◽

Patch Clamp Technique ◽

Advantages And Disadvantages ◽

Optogenetic Stimulation ◽

Physical Interfaces ◽

The Brain

Establishing direct communication with the brain through physical interfaces is a fundamental strategy to investigate brain function. Starting with the patch-clamp technique in the seventies, neuroscience has moved from detailed characterization of ionic channels to the analysis of single neurons and, more recently, microcircuits in brain neuronal networks. Development of new biohybrid probes with electrodes for recording and stimulating neurons in the living animal is a natural consequence of this trend. The recent introduction of optogenetic stimulation and advanced high-resolution large-scale electrical recording approaches demonstrates this need. Brain implants for real-time neurophysiology are also opening new avenues for neuroprosthetics to restore brain function after injury or in neurological disorders. This chapter provides an overview on existing and emergent neurophysiology technologies with particular focus on those intended to interface neuronal microcircuits in vivo. Chemical, electrical, and optogenetic-based interfaces are presented, with an analysis of advantages and disadvantages of the different technical approaches.

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The relationship between fasting-induced torpor, sleep and waking in laboratory mice

SLEEP ◽

10.1093/sleep/zsab093 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Yi-Ge Huang ◽

Sarah J Flaherty ◽

Carina A Pothecary ◽

Russell G Foster ◽

Stuart N Peirson ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Body Temperature ◽

Rem Sleep ◽

Brain Activity ◽

Mammalian Species ◽

Nrem Sleep ◽

Laboratory Mice ◽

State Classification ◽

Metabolic Suppression ◽

The Relationship ◽

Electroencephalogram Eeg

Abstract Study objectives Torpor is a regulated and reversible state of metabolic suppression used by many mammalian species to conserve energy. Whereas the relationship between torpor and sleep has been well-studied in seasonal hibernators, less is known about the effects of fasting-induced torpor on states of vigilance and brain activity in laboratory mice. Methods Continuous monitoring of electroencephalogram (EEG), electromyogram (EMG) and surface body temperature was undertaken in adult, male C57BL/6 mice over consecutive days of scheduled restricted feeding. Results All animals showed bouts of hypothermia that became progressively deeper and longer as fasting progressed. EEG and EMG were markedly affected by hypothermia, although the typical electrophysiological signatures of NREM sleep, REM sleep and wakefulness enabled us to perform vigilance-state classification in all cases. Consistent with previous studies, hypothermic bouts were initiated from a state indistinguishable from NREM sleep, with EEG power decreasing gradually in parallel with decreasing surface body temperature. During deep hypothermia, REM sleep was largely abolished, and we observed shivering-associated intense bursts of muscle activity. Conclusions Our study highlights important similarities between EEG signatures of fasting-induced torpor in mice, daily torpor in Djungarian hamsters and hibernation in seasonally-hibernating species. Future studies are necessary to clarify the effects on fasting-induced torpor on subsequent sleep.

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Neurodevelopment in the first three years: implications for child development, professional practice and policy

Journal of Children s Services ◽

10.1108/jcs-01-2014-0005 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 9 (2) ◽

pp. 154-164 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Danya Glaser

Keyword(s):

Brain Development ◽

Brain Activity ◽

Brain Maturation ◽

Policy And Practice ◽

Content Type ◽

Key Issues ◽

And Function ◽

The Relationship ◽

The Brain ◽

Brain Connections

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to outline brain structure and development, the relationship between environment and brain development and implications for practice. Design/methodology/approach – The paper is based on a selected review of the literature and clinical experience. Findings – While genetics determine the sequence of brain maturation, the nature of brain development and functioning is determined by the young child's caregiving environment, to which the developing brain constantly adapts. The absence of input during sensitive periods may lead to later reduced functioning. There is an undoubted immediate equivalence between every mind function – emotion, cognition, behaviour and brain activity, although the precise location of this in the brain is only very partially determinable, since brain connections and function are extremely complex. Originality/value – This paper provides an overview of key issues in neurodevelopment relating to the development of young children, and implications for policy and practice.

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Mortal Body, Immortal Mind

Forum Philosophicum ◽

10.35765/forphil.2012.1701.01 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 17 (1) ◽

pp. 5-26

Author(s):

Hans Goller

Keyword(s):

Brain Activity ◽

The Body ◽

Activity Data ◽

Brain Functions ◽

Body Experiences ◽

Research Findings ◽

The Relationship ◽

Near Death Experiences ◽

The Brain ◽

Alternative Theories

Neuroscientists keep telling us that the brain produces consciousness and consciousness does not survive brain death because it ceases when brain activity ceases. Research findings on near-death-experiences during cardiac arrest contradict this widely held conviction. They raise perplexing questions with regard to our current understanding of the relationship between consciousness and brain functions. Reports on veridical perceptions during out-of-body experiences suggest that consciousness may be experienced independently of a functioning brain and that self-consciousness may continue even after the termination of brain activity. Data on studies of near-death-experiences could be an incentive to develop alternative theories of the body-mind relation as seen in contemporary neuroscience.

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Enhancement of Eye Motor Response and Electrical Brain Activity during Noise and Vibration in Rabbits

Otolaryngology ◽

10.1177/019459988209000122 ◽

1982 ◽

Vol 90 (1) ◽

pp. 130-138 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Ilmari Pyykkö ◽

Izuru Matsuoka ◽

Shinsuke Ito ◽

Manabe Hinoki

Keyword(s):

Motor Response ◽

Optokinetic Nystagmus ◽

Dorsal Hippocampus ◽

Brain Activity ◽

Noise And Vibration ◽

Implanted Electrodes ◽

Theta Waves ◽

Electrical Brain Activity ◽

The Relationship ◽

Electroencephalogram Eeg

The relationship between electroencephalogram (EEG) and eye movements was studied in rabbits during optokinetic, vestibular, and optovestibular tests. EEG was recorded through permanently implanted electrodes. Exposure to noise and vibration increased the frequency and the velocity of optokinetic nystagmus (OKN). The increase was greater during vibration but greatest during combined noise and vibration. EEG activity was closely linked to changes in OKN and was particularly evident with the appearance of theta waves in the dorsal hippocampus. Also, rotation of the rabbit produced considerable activation in the EEG.

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