Temporal Discrimination of Sub- and Suprasecond Time Intervals: A Voxel-Based Lesion Mapping Analysis

Sequential Temporal Discrimination in Humans and Mice

International Journal of Comparative Psychology ◽

10.46867/ijcp.2015.28.02.08 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 28 ◽

Author(s):

Filiz Çoşkun ◽

Dilara Berkay ◽

Zeynep Ceyda Sayalı ◽

Fuat Balcı

Keyword(s):

Temporal Discrimination ◽

Discrimination Performance ◽

Endogenous Timing ◽

Time Intervals ◽

Probabilistic Information ◽

Units Of Analysis ◽

Timing Uncertainty

Previous studies showed that humans and mice can maximize their rewards in two alternative temporal discrimination tasks by incorporating exogenous probabilities and endogenous timing uncertainty into their decisions. The current study investigated if the probabilistic relations modulated the temporal discrimination performance in scenarios with more than two temporal options. In order to address this question, we tested humans (Experiment 1) and mice (Experiment 2) in the dual-switch task, which required subjects to discriminate three time intervals (short, medium, and long durations) in a sequential fashion. The latencies of switches from short to medium and from medium to long option were the main units of analysis. The results revealed that the timing of switches between the first two options (short-to-medium) were sensitive to probabilistic information in both humans and mice. However, mice but not humans adapted the timing of their subsequent switches between the last two options (medium-to-long) based on the probabilistic information associated with these latter options. These results point at a suboptimal tendency in the temporal decisions of humans with multiple options.

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Temporal Encoding: Relative and absolute representations of time guide behavior

10.31234/osf.io/p6v2j ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Başak Akdoğan ◽

Amita Wanar ◽

Benjamin Kyle Gersten ◽

Charles Randy Gallistel ◽

Peter Balsam

Keyword(s):

Temporal Discrimination ◽

Duration Discrimination ◽

Temporal Distance ◽

Time Intervals ◽

Discrimination Ability ◽

Extensive Training ◽

Discrimination Procedure ◽

Directed Action ◽

Temporal Encoding ◽

Relational Control

Temporal information-processing is critical for adaptive behavior and goal-directed action. It is thus crucial to understand how the temporal distance between behaviorally relevant events is encoded to guide behavior. However, research on temporal representations has yielded mixed findings as to whether organisms utilize relative versus absolute judgments of time intervals. To address this fundamental question about the timing mechanism, we tested mice in a duration discrimination procedure in which they learned to correctly categorize tones of different durations as short or long. After being trained on a pair of target intervals the mice transferred to conditions in which cue durations and corresponding response locations were systematically manipulated. Specifically, responses and/or durations of cues were switched in different experimental phases so that either the relative or absolute mapping remained constant. The findings indicate that the transfer occurred most readily when relative relationships of durations and response locations were preserved. In contrast, when the animals had to re-map these relative relations, their temporal discrimination ability was impaired, and they required extensive training to re-establish temporal control. However, preserving the response location of one of the cue durations in such conditions was found to help with initial transfer. These results demonstrate that mice can represent experienced durations both as having a certain magnitude (absolute representation) and as being shorter or longer of the two durations (an ordinal relation to other cue durations), with relational control having a greater influence in temporal discriminations.

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Effect of Information Feedback on Temporal Discrimination in Concurrent and Post-Feedback Measures

Perceptual and Motor Skills ◽

10.2466/pms.1979.49.3.935 ◽

1979 ◽

Vol 49 (3) ◽

pp. 935-939 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Deborah A. Allenxy ◽

Cynthia A. Clark

Keyword(s):

Temporal Discrimination ◽

Weber Fraction ◽

Group Differences ◽

Information Feedback ◽

Time Intervals ◽

Feedback Group ◽

Difference Thresholds ◽

Nonparametric Estimates ◽

Slight Advantage ◽

Method Of Constant Stimuli

College students estimated time intervals (5, 6, 7, 8, and 9 sec.) where one group ( N = 20) received information feedback in terms of actual interval durations and a second group ( N = 18) received no information. Theshold measures were then taken for all subjects using the method of constant stimuli (comparison stimuli of 5, 6, 7, 8, and 9 sec. and a 7-sec. standard). In addition to increased accuracy and consistency of judgments, the feedback group showed a decreasing Weber fraction during the estimation phase, while the Weber fraction for the no-feedback group increased. The feedback group retained only a slight advantage in subsequent threshold measures; group differences in difference thresholds and derived nonparametric estimates of d' were nonsignificant.

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Gesture errors in left and right hemisphere damaged patients: a behavioural and anatomical study

10.31234/osf.io/7u3nq ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Michele Scandola ◽

Valeria Gobbetto ◽

Sara Bertagnoli ◽

Cristina Bulgarelli ◽

Loredana Canzano ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Right Hemisphere ◽

Anatomical Study ◽

Neural Correlates ◽

Motor Cognition ◽

Left Brain ◽

Lesion Mapping ◽

Mapping Analysis ◽

Different Types ◽

Left And Right ◽

Frontal Lesions

Objective. Erroneous gesture execution is at the core of motor cognition difficulties in apraxia. While a taxonomy of errors may provide important information about the nature of the disorder, classifications are currently often inconsistent. This study aims to identify the error categories which distinguish apraxic from non-apraxic patients. Method. Two groups of mixed and bucco-facial apraxic patients were compared to non-apraxic, left and right hemisphere damaged patients in tasks tapping the ability to perform transitive and intransitive limb and mouth actions. The errors were analysed and classified into 6 categories relating to content, configuration or movement, spatial or temporal parameters and unrecognisable actions. Results. Although all these error typologies may be observed, the most indicative of mixed apraxia relate to content and configuration, while configuration and unrecognisable/destructured action errors seem to be typical of bucco-facial apraxia. Spatial errors are similar in both apraxic and right brain damaged, non-apraxic patients. A lesion mapping analysis of left-brain damaged patients demonstrates that the error categories (except for spatial errors) are all associated with the fronto-parietal network. Tellingly, content errors are also associated with fronto-insular lesions and movement errors with damage to the paracentral territory (precentral and postcentral gyri). Spatial errors more frequently involve ventral frontal lesions. Conclusions. Bucco-facial and mixed apraxic patients make different types of errors in different types of actions. Not all errors are equally indicative of apraxia. In addition, the various error categories are associated with at least partially different neural correlates.

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Rotational Characteristics of the Green Solar Corona: 1947-1991

International Astronomical Union Colloquium ◽

10.1017/s0252921100025197 ◽

1994 ◽

Vol 144 ◽

pp. 139-141 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

J. Rybák ◽

V. Rušin ◽

M. Rybanský

Keyword(s):

Solar Corona ◽

World Wide ◽

Rotation Period ◽

Original Data ◽

Coronal Emission ◽

Time Intervals ◽

Data Set ◽

The World ◽

Coronal Emission Line ◽

Homogeneous Data

AbstractFe XIV 530.3 nm coronal emission line observations have been used for the estimation of the green solar corona rotation. A homogeneous data set, created from measurements of the world-wide coronagraphic network, has been examined with a help of correlation analysis to reveal the averaged synodic rotation period as a function of latitude and time over the epoch from 1947 to 1991.The values of the synodic rotation period obtained for this epoch for the whole range of latitudes and a latitude band ±30° are 27.52±0.12 days and 26.95±0.21 days, resp. A differential rotation of green solar corona, with local period maxima around ±60° and minimum of the rotation period at the equator, was confirmed. No clear cyclic variation of the rotation has been found for examinated epoch but some monotonic trends for some time intervals are presented.A detailed investigation of the original data and their correlation functions has shown that an existence of sufficiently reliable tracers is not evident for the whole set of examinated data. This should be taken into account in future more precise estimations of the green corona rotation period.

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Prolonged Fixation Studies For Spaceflight

Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America ◽

10.1017/s0424820100072101 ◽

1973 ◽

Vol 31 ◽

pp. 332-333

Author(s):

Robert Corbett ◽

Delbert E. Philpott ◽

Sam Black

Keyword(s):

High Pressure ◽

Living Systems ◽

Prolonged Storage ◽

Time Intervals ◽

Early Signs ◽

Large Numbers

Observation of subtle or early signs of change in spaceflight induced alterations on living systems require precise methods of sampling. In-flight analysis would be preferable but constraints of time, equipment, personnel and cost dictate the necessity for prolonged storage before retrieval. Because of this, various tissues have been stored in fixatives and combinations of fixatives and observed at various time intervals. High pressure and the effect of buffer alone have also been tried.Of the various tissues embedded, muscle, cartilage and liver, liver has been the most extensively studied because it contains large numbers of organelles common to all tissues (Fig. 1).

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Ultrastructure of Lymphatic Capillaries in the Transport of Colloidal Particles

Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America ◽

10.1017/s0424820100060945 ◽

1967 ◽

Vol 25 ◽

pp. 186-187

Author(s):

L. V. Leak ◽

J. F. Burke

Keyword(s):

Connective Tissue ◽

Colloidal Particles ◽

Ultrastructural Level ◽

Vital Role ◽

Time Intervals ◽

Thorium Dioxide ◽

Lymphatic Capillary ◽

Tissue Area ◽

Rapid Removal ◽

Tissue Fluids

The vital role played by the lymphatic capillaries in the transfer of tissue fluids and particulate materials from the connective tissue area can be demonstrated by the rapid removal of injected vital dyes into the tissue areas. In order to ascertain the mechanisms involved in the transfer of substances from the connective tissue area at the ultrastructural level, we have injected colloidal particles of varying sizes which range from 80 A up to 900-mμ. These colloidal particles (colloidal ferritin 80-100A, thorium dioxide 100-200 A, biological carbon 200-300 and latex spheres 900-mμ) are injected directly into the interstitial spaces of the connective tissue with glass micro-needles mounted in a modified Chambers micromanipulator. The progress of the particles from the interstitial space into the lymphatic capillary lumen is followed by observing tissues from animals (skin of the guinea pig ear) that were injected at various time intervals ranging from 5 minutes up to 6 months.

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