Nano Pom-Poms Prepared Exosomes for Highly Specific Cancer Biomarker Detection

Extracellular vesicles (EVs), particularly nano-sized small EV exosomes, are emerging biomarker sources. However, due to heterogeneous populations secreted from diverse cell types, mapping exosome multi-omic molecular information specifically to their pathogenesis origin for cancer biomarker identification is still extraordinarily challenging. Herein, we introduced a novel 3D-structured nanographene immunomagnetic particles (NanoPoms) with unique flower pom-poms morphology and photo-click chemistry for specific marker-defined capture and release of intact exosome. This specific exosome isolation approach leads to the expanded identification of targetable cancer biomarkers with enhanced specificity and sensitivity, as demonstrated by multi-omic exosome analysis of bladder cancer patient tissue fluids using the next generation sequencing of somatic DNA mutations, miRNAs, and the global proteome. The NanoPoms prepared exosomes also exhibit distinctive in vivo biodistribution patterns, highlighting the highly viable and integral quality. The developed method is simple and straightforward, which is applicable to nearly all types of biological fluids and amenable for enrichment, scale up, and high-throughput exosome isolation.

CHANGES IN HEMOMICROCIRCULATORY BED OF RAT ILEUM MUCOSA IN TRANSPLANTATION OF CRYOPRESERVED PLACENTA AGAINST THE BACKGROUND OF ACUTE ASEPTIC INFLAMMATION OF PERITONEUM

Hemomicrocirculatory bed (HMCB) in the modern sense is a complex organized system that provides ordered motion of blood, tissue fluids, absorption and excretion of biochemical substrates, metabolites, biologically active substances. Among the interrelated and interdependent processes in the system of HMCB, the main role belongs to the patterns of blood circulation in the vessels. The last decade has been marked by a completely new approach to solving problems associated with impaired blood filling. The use of tissue transplantation, in particular cryopreserved placenta grafts, as a corrective method, is quite effective. The latter was the basis for a comprehensive study of the ileal mucosa HMCB response to the cryopreserved placenta transplantation [11]. The aim of this study was to investigate the dynamics of the ileum mucosa hemo-microcirculatory bed parameters with a single administration of cryopreserved placenta and with the cryopreserved placenta administration against the background of acute aseptic experimental peritoneum inflammation in rats. Object and methods of the study. The object of the experimental study was the ileum wall sampled from 140 mature Wistar male rats. The animals were divided into four groups. Animals were euthanized on the 1st, 2nd, 3rd, 5th, 7th, 10th, 14th, 21st, 30th days. Measurements of the HMCB vessels internal diameter in the ileac mucosa were performed. The mathematical processing was performed by means of Student's t test (t). Differences at p <0.05 were considered reliable. Transplantation of cryopreserved placenta causes the reaction of all links of the hemomicrocirculatory bed by increasing their average diameter with maximum values for 5 days. Simulation of acute aseptic inflammation of the peritoneum initially led to a decrease in the diameter of arterioles by 5% and capillaries by 2.3%, by 2-3 days, and then by an increase in their diameters, by the 14th day of the study. During the experiment, the venular unit increased in diameter by the 14th day of the study. When transplanting cryopreserved placenta against acute aseptic inflammation of the peritoneum of the arterioles by 4% and capillaries by 2%, they first decrease in diameter by 2 days, and then increase in diameter by 3-10 days of the study. During the experiment, the venular unit significantly increased in diameter by the 14th day of the study. With the introduction of cryopreserved placenta on the background of acute aseptic inflammation of the peritoneum, the realization of inflammation decreased by 4-5 days.

Measuring osmosis and hemolysis of red blood cells

Since the discovery of the composition and structure of the mammalian cell membrane, biologists have had a clearer understanding of how substances enter and exit the cell’s interior. The selectively permeable nature of the cell membrane allows the movement of some solutes and prevents the movement of others. This has important consequences for cell volume and the integrity of the cell and, as a result, is of utmost clinical importance, for example in the administration of isotonic intravenous infusions. The concepts of osmolarity and tonicity are often confused by students as impermeant isosmotic solutes such as NaCl are also isotonic; however, isosmotic solutes such as urea are actually hypotonic due to the permeant nature of the membrane. By placing red blood cells in solutions of differing osmolarities and tonicities, this experiment demonstrates the effects of osmosis and the resultant changes in cell volume. Using hemoglobin standard solutions, where known concentrations of hemoglobin are produced, the proportion of hemolysis and the effect of this on resultant hematocrit can be estimated. No change in cell volume occurs in isotonic NaCl, and, by placing blood cells in hypotonic NaCl, incomplete hemolysis occurs. By changing the bathing solution to either distilled water or isosmotic urea, complete hemolysis occurs due to their hypotonic effects. With the use of animal blood in this practical, students gain useful experience in handling tissue fluids and calculating dilutions and can appreciate the science behind clinical scenarios.

Analisis Fabrikasi Desain Passive Mixing Microchannel Perangkat Mikrofluidik Material Acrylic Dengan Laser CO2 Daya Rendah

Microfluidics devices have been applied in the biomedical field to manipulate the tissue fluids in channels with dimensions between 5-500 lm. Microfluidics device manufactured by a microfabrication process consisting of design, microstucturing and back-end processes. One application of microfluidics is a passive mixing microchannel. In this device, the liquid will flow through the channel without any moving parts and the pressure from the outside to produce a fluid mixing. It is important to design the shape of the channel to generate a nice passive mixing microchannel. Low power CO2 laser is used to process microstucturing as cutting tools to produce microfluidic devices on acyilic material. Surface roughness lines were designed to be observed. In this study, the design process channel carried by the experimental method through the parameters that affect the output of the process is the power of laser cutting, cutting speed and design channel. And then the fabrication of microfluidics with back-end processing is done by the process of merging with a thermal bonding method. Finally, From the experimental results, the design of the channel 1 has an influence on all the parameters for surface roughness compared with a channel design 2.

Specificity Study on Concentration of Monoamine Transmitters at Acupoint and Effect of Acupuncture on Its Distribution

To investigate the distribution of monoamine transmitters at acupoints and effect of acupuncture on it. Take this experiment by means of microdialysis. Twenty rabbits were randomly assigned to two groups (Group A: acupuncture Guanyuan (RN4), Group B: acupuncture nonacupoint which is besides Guanyuan (RN4) 1 cm). Before and after acupuncture was taken, tissue fluids both at Zhongwan (RN12) which is on the same meridian as Guanyuan and at a nonacupoint 1 cm away from Zhongwan were collected through microdialysis, respectively. The collected samples were analyzed to determine concentrations of monoamine transmitters. Epinephrine and 5-HT were detected. An unknown substance was found. Its concentration at acupoint was significantly higher than that at nonacupoint and decreased after acupuncture. Its significant specificity at acupoints suggests that it may play an important role in meridian’s activity.