scholarly journals Weak Vestibular Response in Persistent Developmental Stuttering

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Max Gattie ◽  
Elena V. M. Lieven ◽  
Karolina Kluk
Keyword(s):  
Vibrational Energy ◽  
Vestibular Function ◽  
Auditory Brainstem ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Vestibular Evoked Myogenic Potential ◽  
Brain Areas ◽  
Indirect Measure ◽  
Persistent Developmental Stuttering ◽  
Developmental Stuttering ◽  
Speech Motor

Vibrational energy created at the larynx during speech will deflect vestibular mechanoreceptors in humans (Todd et al., 2008; Curthoys, 2017; Curthoys et al., 2019). Vestibular-evoked myogenic potential (VEMP), an indirect measure of vestibular function, was assessed in 15 participants who stutter, with a non-stutter control group of 15 participants paired on age and sex. VEMP amplitude was 8.5 dB smaller in the stutter group than the non-stutter group (p = 0.035, 95% CI [−0.9, −16.1], t = −2.1, d = −0.8, conditional R2 = 0.88). The finding is subclinical as regards gravitoinertial function, and is interpreted with regard to speech-motor function in stuttering. There is overlap between brain areas receiving vestibular innervation, and brain areas identified as important in studies of persistent developmental stuttering. These include the auditory brainstem, cerebellar vermis, and the temporo-parietal junction. The finding supports the disruptive rhythm hypothesis (Howell et al., 1983; Howell, 2004) in which sensory inputs additional to own speech audition are fluency-enhancing when they coordinate with ongoing speech.

scholarly journals Weak vestibular response in persistent developmental stuttering and implications for own voice identification

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Max Gattie ◽  
Elena Lieven ◽  
Karolina Kluk
Keyword(s):  
Mental Content ◽  
Vestibular Function ◽  
Auditory Scene Analysis ◽  
Coincidence Detection ◽  
Vestibular Evoked Myogenic Potential ◽  
Indirect Measure ◽  
Voice Identification ◽  
Persistent Developmental Stuttering ◽  
Auditory Scene ◽  
Developmental Stuttering

AbstractSpeech-motor and psycholinguistic models employ feedback control from an auditory stream corresponding to own voice. Such models underspecify how own voice is identified. It is proposed that coincidence detection between cochlear and vestibular streams identifies own voice in mammals (H1) and that the coincidence detection differs in people who stutter (H2). Vestibular-evoked myogenic potential (VEMP), an indirect measure of vestibular function, was assessed in 15 people who stutter, with controls paired on age and sex. VEMP amplitude was 8.5 dB smaller in people who stutter than paired controls (p = 0.035, 95% CI [-0.9, -16.1], t = -2.1, d = -0.8, conditional R2 = 0.88), suggesting an approximate halving in how they perceptually experience the vestibular component of own voice. H1 and H2 are supported in this initial test of both hypotheses. Discussion covers own voice identification, persistent developmental stuttering, speech-induced suppression, auditory scene analysis, and theories of mental content.

scholarly journals Vestibular Function in Psoriasis Patients

2020 ◽  
pp. 014556132097068
Author(s):  
Abdullah Kınar ◽  
Abdulkadir Bucak ◽  
Şahin Ulu ◽  
Nilay Duman ◽  
Nur Betül Baştuğ
Keyword(s):  
Vestibular System ◽  
Inflammatory Disease ◽  
Vestibular Function ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Distortion Product Otoacoustic Emission ◽  
Duration Of Treatment ◽  
Vestibular Evoked Myogenic Potential ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Distortion Product ◽  
Immune Mediated

Introduction: Psoriasis is an inflammatory skin disease that is characterized by T-cell-mediated hyperproliferation of the keratinocytes. It develops through immune-mediated mechanisms and is defined as an immune-mediated inflammatory disease. The inner ear is susceptible to inflammatory attacks, and vertigo and dizziness can occur as a complication. There is little information about psoriasis and the vestibular system. Objective: This study aimed to investigate the cervical vestibular-evoked myogenic potential (cVEMP) results of psoriasis patients and the effect of psoriasis on the vestibular system. Materials and Methods: Randomly selected and included in the study were patients who had been admitted to the Dermatology Outpatient Clinic of the Afyon Kocatepe University Medical Faculty, between November 15, 2017, and March 15, 2018, with the diagnosis of psoriasis, in addition to a healthy control group. This research was designed as cross-sectional study. Ethics committee permission was received. Both cVEMP and distortion product otoacoustic emission (DPOAE) tests were administered to all of the participants. Values were compared between the control group and psoriasis patients. Results: The study included 43 psoriasis patients and 40 controls. The duration of treatment of the patients and the drugs that they were using were noted. The psoriasis patients had lower p13–n23 amplitude differences in their cVEMP tests ( P < .05). These patients also had lower signal to noise ratio values, at 4 and 6 kHz, on their DPOAE tests ( P < .05). Conclusion: Psoriasis is an immune-mediated inflammatory disease that can be associated with vestibulocochlear dysfunction.

scholarly journals Behavioral and social competency profiles of stutterers

CoDAS ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 44-50 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marília de Paula Giorgetti ◽  
Cristiane Moço Canhetti de Oliveira ◽  
Célia Maria Giacheti
Keyword(s):  
Social Competence ◽  
Child Behavior Checklist ◽  
Social Competency ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Behavioral Profile ◽  
Communication Situations ◽  
The Social ◽  
Persistent Developmental Stuttering ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Developmental Stuttering

PURPOSE: To investigate the behavioral and social competency profiles of individuals who stutter and to compare them with persons who do not stutter, according to their parents; to correlate the behavioral and the social competence performances with the severity of stuttering. METHODS: Sixty-four participants, aged 6 to 18 years, of both genders, were divided into two groups: the study group (SG), composed of 32 individuals with persistent developmental stuttering, and the control group (CG), composed of 32 fluent individuals. The procedures used were fluency assessment, stuttering severity instrument, and the Child Behavior Checklist inventory. RESULTS: In the behavioral profile of the SG, the mean of the total score and that of the internalizing problems were classified as clinical. The comparison between the groups showed differences in the behavioral profile concerning the total score, and in the internalizing and externalizing problems; and in the social profile, concerning the total score and activity scale. There were no statistically significant differences in the scales among the mild, moderate, and severe stuttering. CONCLUSION: According to the information provided by parents, children who stutter showed peculiar behavior and social competence, with a higher tendency to manifest alterations in this area, in comparison to those who do not stutter. Fear, nervousness/tension, guilt, anxiety, perfectionism, and worry were the most frequent alterations in relation to the behavior, whereas damages in the social field and in the habitual communication situations characterized the social competence of persons who stutter.

scholarly journals Cochlear And Vestibular Involvement In Children With Henoch Schönlein Vasculitis

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abdulkadir Bucak ◽  
Ayşegül Bükülmez ◽  
Selcuk Kuzu ◽  
Çağlar Günebakan ◽  
Erkan Yıldız ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hearing Loss ◽  
Otoacoustic Emissions ◽  
Vestibular Function ◽  
Tertiary Hospital ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Healthy Children ◽  
Vestibular Evoked Myogenic Potential ◽  
Distortion Product ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
And Control

Abstract Purpose: In this study, our purpose is to evaluate cochlear and vestibular function in juveniles with HSV using audiometry, DPOAEs, and cVEMP tests.Methods: 40 children diagnosed with HSV from the pediatry clinic and 40 age and sex-matched healthy children were evaluated with distortion product otoacoustic emissions, audiometry, and cervical vestibular evoked myogenic potential (cVEMP) test in a tertiary hospital.Results: The audiometry average values ​​for both ears of HSV group and the control subjects were compared, and as a result, median 4.7 dB sensorineural hearing loss (SHL) was found for HSV group compared to control group at 250 Hz and it was statistically significant (p <0.001). An average of 6.4 dB SHL was detected at 8000 Hz (p <0.001). There was a statistically significant difference among HSV and control group regarding measurement results of average p1-n1 latency time of both ears (0.9 milliseconds (ms) increase, P = 0.035). In HSV patients, the median amplitude difference of both ears' average p1 n1 was found to be 5,6 millivolt, statistically significantly decreased compared to the control group (p = 0.003).Conclusion: This study, firstly in literature, demonstrated that HSV may cause hearing loss and vestibular dysfunction in children. We think this might be due to autoimmune mechanisms.

Vestibular evaluation in children with otitis media with effusion

2015 ◽  
Vol 129 (4) ◽  
pp. 326-336 ◽  
Author(s):  
E A Kolkaila ◽  
A A Emara ◽  
T A Gabr
Keyword(s):  
Otitis Media ◽  
Otitis Media With Effusion ◽  
Vestibular Function ◽  
Vestibular Evoked Myogenic Potentials ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Dizziness Handicap Inventory ◽  
Vestibular Evoked Myogenic Potential ◽  
Bedside Test ◽  
Bedside Tests ◽  
Serous Otitis Media

AbstractBackground:Fifty per cent of children with serous otitis media may have some balance disturbances.Objective:To evaluate vestibular function in children with otitis media with effusion.Methods:The control group comprised 25 children with bilateral normal hearing and middle-ear function. The study group consisted of 30 children with bilateral otitis media with effusion; these were divided into 2 subgroups according to air–bone gap size. Measures included the Arabic Dizziness Handicap Inventory, an imbalance evaluation sheet for children, vestibular bedside tests for children, and air- and bone-conducted vestibular-evoked myogenic potential testing.Results:Arabic Dizziness Handicap Inventory scores and some vestibular bedside test results were significantly abnormal, with normal video-nystagmography results, in children with otitis media with effusion. Air-conducted vestibular-evoked myogenic potentials were recorded in 73 per cent of children with otitis media with effusion, with significantly delayed latencies. Bone-conducted vestibular-evoked myogenic potentials were successfully detected in 100 per cent of children with otitis media with effusion with similar results to the control group.Conclusion:The Arabic Dizziness Handicap Inventory and vestibular bedside tests are valuable tools for detecting vestibular impairment in children. Bone-conducted vestibular-evoked myogenic potentials are useful for vestibular system evaluation.

scholarly journals Similarities and Differences Between Vestibular and Cochlear Systems – A Review of Clinical and Physiological Evidence

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ian S. Curthoys ◽  
John Wally Grant ◽  
Christopher J. Pastras ◽  
Laura Fröhlich ◽  
Daniel J. Brown
Keyword(s):  
Structural Changes ◽  
Endolymphatic Hydrops ◽  
Vestibular Function ◽  
Auditory Brainstem ◽  
Type I ◽  
Vestibular Evoked Myogenic Potential ◽  
Unique Type ◽  
Myogenic Potential ◽  
Brainstem Response ◽  
Similarities And Differences

The evoked response to repeated brief stimuli, such as clicks or short tone bursts, is used for clinical evaluation of the function of both the auditory and vestibular systems. One auditory response is a neural potential — the Auditory Brainstem Response (ABR) — recorded by surface electrodes on the head. The clinical analogue for testing the otolithic response to abrupt sounds and vibration is the myogenic potential recorded from tensed muscles — the vestibular evoked myogenic potential (VEMP). VEMPs have provided clinicians with a long sought-after tool — a simple, clinically realistic indicator of the function of each of the 4 otolithic sensory regions. We review the basic neural evidence for VEMPs and discuss the similarities and differences between otolithic and cochlear receptors and afferents. VEMPs are probably initiated by sound or vibration selectively activating afferent neurons with irregular resting discharge originating from the unique type I receptors at a specialized region of the otolithic maculae (the striola). We review how changes in VEMP responses indicate the functional state of peripheral vestibular function and the likely transduction mechanisms allowing otolithic receptors and afferents to trigger such very short latency responses. In section “ELECTROPHYSIOLOGY” we show how cochlear and vestibular receptors and afferents have many similar electrophysiological characteristics [e.g., both generate microphonics, summating potentials, and compound action potentials (the vestibular evoked potential, VsEP)]. Recent electrophysiological evidence shows that the hydrodynamic changes in the labyrinth caused by increased fluid volume (endolymphatic hydrops), change the responses of utricular receptors and afferents in a way which mimics the changes in vestibular function attributed to endolymphatic hydrops in human patients. In section “MECHANICS OF OTOLITHS IN VEMPS TESTING” we show how the major VEMP results (latency and frequency response) follow from modeling the physical characteristics of the macula (dimensions, stiffness etc.). In particular, the structure and mechanical operation of the utricular macula explains the very fast response of the type I receptors and irregular afferents which is the very basis of VEMPs and these structural changes of the macula in Menière’s Disease (MD) predict the upward shift of VEMP tuning in these patients.

scholarly journals Influence of Cochlear Implantation on Vestibular Function in Children With an Enlarged Vestibular Aqueduct

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ruijie Wang ◽  
Daogong Zhang ◽  
Jianfen Luo ◽  
Xiuhua Chao ◽  
Jiliang Xu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hearing Loss ◽  
Electrode Array ◽  
Vestibular Function ◽  
Semicircular Canals ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Vestibular Evoked Myogenic Potential ◽  
Myogenic Potential ◽  
Vestibular Aqueduct ◽  
Before And After ◽  
And Control

Background: Cochlear implantation (CI) is becoming increasingly used in the rehabilitation of hearing-impaired patients. Children with an enlarged vestibular aqueduct (EVA) need CI for severe or profound hearing loss, with excellent outcomes in hearing rehabilitation. However, vestibular function influenced by CI in children with EVA has not been clarified. We compared the characteristics of vestibular function in implanted children with EVA and those with a normal cochlea.Methods: In this retrospective case-control study, 16 children with large vestibular aqueduct syndrome (LVAS) and 16 children with a normal cochlea were recruited as the Study and Control Group, respectively. All children (mean age, 10.3 ± 4.4 years) had bilateral profound sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL) and normal pre-operative vestibular functions and underwent unilateral CI. Otolith and canal functions were assessed before CI and 12 months thereafter. Cervical vestibular-evoked myogenic potential (cVEMP), ocular vestibular-evoked myogenic potential (oVEMP), and video head impulse test (vHIT) were evaluated.Results: Full insertion of the electrode array was achieved in all the cases. Preoperatively, no significant differences in parameters in cVEMP between the Study and Control Group were revealed (p &gt; 0.05). In pre-operative oVEMP, shorter N1 latencies (p = 0.012), shorter P1 latencies (p = 0.01), and higher amplitudes (p = 0.001) were found in the Study than in the Control Group. The Study Group had shorter P1 latency in cVEMP (p = 0.033), and had lower amplitude in oVEMP after implantation (p = 0.03). Statistically significant differences were not found in VOR gains of all three semicircular canals before and after surgery (p &gt; 0.05). VEMP results revealed that the Control Group had significantly lower deterioration rates after CI (p &lt; 0.05). The surgical approach and electrode array had no statistically significant influence on the VEMP results (p &gt; 0.05).Conclusion: oVEMP parameters differed between children with EVA and children with a normal cochlea before surgery. Systematic evaluations before and after CI showed that otolith function was affected, but all three semicircular canals functions were essentially undamaged after implantation. In contrast to subjects with a normal cochlea, children with EVA are more likely to preserve their saccular and utricular functions after CI surgery. Possible mechanisms include less pressure-related damage, a reduced effect in terms of the air-bone gap (ABG), or more sensitivity to acoustic stimulation.

Disconnection of speech-relevant brain areas in persistent developmental stuttering

The Lancet ◽  
2002 ◽  
Vol 360 (9330) ◽  
pp. 380-383 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martin Sommer ◽  
Martin A Koch ◽  
Walter Paulus ◽  
Cornelius Weiller ◽  
Christian Büchel
Keyword(s):  
Brain Areas ◽  
Persistent Developmental Stuttering ◽  
Developmental Stuttering

scholarly journals Persistent developmental stuttering as a cortical-subcortical dysfunction: evidence from muscle activation

2008 ◽  
Vol 66 (3b) ◽  
pp. 659-664 ◽  
Author(s):  
Claudia Regina Furquim de Andrade ◽  
Fernanda Chiarion Sassi ◽  
Fabiola Juste ◽  
Lucia Iracema Zanotto de Mendonça
Keyword(s):  
Reaction Time ◽  
Muscle Activity ◽  
Muscle Activation ◽  
Muscle Tension ◽  
Strong Positive Correlation ◽  
Time Activity ◽  
Persistent Developmental Stuttering ◽  
Speech Disfluency ◽  
Developmental Stuttering ◽  
Speech Motor

BACKGROUND: One contemporary view of stuttering posits that speech disfluencies arise from anomalous speech motor control. PURPOSE: To verify the rest muscle tension and speech reaction time of fluent and stuttering adults. METHOD: 22 adults, divided in two groups: G1 - 11 fluent individuals; G2 - 11 stutterers. Electromyography recordings (inferior orbicularis oris) were collected in two different situations: during rest and in a reaction time activity. RESULTS: The groups were significantly different considering rest muscle tension (G2 higher recordings) and did not differ when considering speech reaction time and muscle activity during speech. There was a strong positive correlation between speech reaction time and speech muscle activity for G2 - the longer the speech reaction time, the higher the muscle activity during speech. CONCLUSION: In addition to perceptible episodes of speech disfluency, stutterers exhibit anomalies in speech motor output during fluent speech. Correlations with a possible cortical-subcortical disorder are discussed.

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