scholarly journals Metabolic Hormone Profiles in Breast Milk From Mothers of Moderate-Late Preterm Infants Are Associated With Growth From Birth to 4 Months in a Sex-Specific Manner

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laura Galante ◽  
Clare M. Reynolds ◽  
Amber M. Milan ◽  
Tanith Alexander ◽  
Frank H. Bloomfield ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Preterm Infants ◽  
Fat Mass ◽  
Fat Free Mass ◽  
Late Preterm ◽  
Linear Regression Models ◽  
Late Preterm Infants ◽  
Specific Effects ◽  
Z Scores ◽  
Discharge From Hospital

Background: Differing environmental conditions experienced by mother-infant dyads may influence composition of the milk received by the infant. As a consequence, diverse milk compositional profiles may contribute to different postnatal outcomes, especially in infants facing adverse perinatal environments. We investigated whether variability in milk concentrations of key metabolic hormones is associated with different growth outcomes in infants born preterm, a perinatal complication known to impact on infant growth.Methods: Human milk samples were collected from 169 mothers of 191 infants enrolled in the DIAMOND trial, a randomized trial of nutrition for moderate-late preterm infants, at 5 and 10 days postpartum and again at 4 months' corrected age and analyzed for leptin, adiponectin and insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-1. Infant weight and body composition were measured at birth, discharge and 4 months' corrected age. Multiple linear regression models were used to examine correlations between milk hormone concentrations, weight z-scores and body composition at discharge and 4 months' corrected age, and weight gain from birth to 4 months' corrected age. Sex-specific interactions were examined.Results: Higher milk IGF-1 concentrations on day 5 after birth were associated with greater infant fat-free mass at 4 months' corrected age. Milk IGF-1 concentrations at 4 months were positively associated with fat mass and fat-free mass at 4 months in boys but not girls. Milk leptin concentrations on day 5 after birth were positively associated with fat mass at discharge from hospital, but negatively associated with fat mass at 4 months' corrected age. No significant association was found for milk adiponectin concentrations.Conclusion: Milk IGF-1 and leptin concentrations in mothers of moderate-late preterm babies are associated with different growth and body composition through to 4 months' corrected age and these associations are often different in boys and girls. The sex-specific effects of nutrient and hormone exposure during early life in preterm infants warrants further investigation to optimize the nutritional care these infants receive, particularly in hospital, where the same nutrition is provided to boys and girls.

scholarly journals New charts for the assessment of body composition, according to air-displacement plethysmography, at birth and across the first 6 mo of life

2019 ◽  
Vol 109 (5) ◽  
pp. 1353-1360 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tom Norris ◽  
Sara E Ramel ◽  
Patrick Catalano ◽  
Carol ni Caoimh ◽  
Paola Roggero ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Body Composition ◽  
Preterm Infants ◽  
Fat Mass ◽  
Gestational Age ◽  
The United States ◽  
Fat Free Mass ◽  
Term Infants ◽  
Air Displacement Plethysmography ◽  
Young Infants

ABSTRACT Background Air-displacement plethysmography (ADP) is a good candidate for monitoring body composition in newborns and young infants, but reference centile curves are lacking that allow for assessment at birth and across the first 6 mo of life. Objective Using pooled data from 4 studies, we aimed to produce new charts for assessment according to gestational age at birth (30 + 1 to 41 + 6 wk) and postnatal age at measurement (1–27 wk). Methods The sample comprised 222 preterm infants born in the United States who were measured at birth; 1029 term infants born in Ireland who were measured at birth; and 149 term infants born in the United States and 57 term infants born in Italy who were measured at birth, 1 and 2 wk, and 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, and 6 mo of age. Infants whose birth weights were <3rd or >97th centile of the INTERGROWTH-21st standard were excluded, thereby ensuring that the charts depict body composition of infants whose birth weights did not indicate suboptimal fetal growth. Sex-specific centiles for fat mass (kg), fat-free mass (kg), and percentage body fat were estimated using the lambda-mu-sigma (LMS) method. Results For each sex and measure (e.g., fat mass), the new charts comprised 2 panels. The first showed centiles according to gestational age, allowing term infants to be assessed at birth and preterm infants to be monitored until they reached term. The second showed centiles according to postnatal age, allowing all infants to be monitored to age 27 wk. The LMS values underlying the charts were presented, enabling researchers and clinicians to convert measurements to centiles and z scores. Conclusions The new charts provide a single tool for the assessment of body composition, according to ADP, in infants across the first 6 mo of life and will help enhance early-life nutritional management.

scholarly journals Maternal Dietary Patterns during Pregnancy Are Associated with Newborn Body Composition

2017 ◽  
Vol 147 (7) ◽  
pp. 1334-1339 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anne P Starling ◽  
Katherine A Sauder ◽  
Jill L Kaar ◽  
Allison LB Shapiro ◽  
Anna Maria Siega-Riz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Dietary Intake ◽  
Fat Mass ◽  
Dietary Patterns ◽  
Fasting Glucose ◽  
Whole Grains ◽  
Fat Free Mass ◽  
Linear Regression Models ◽  
Reduced Rank Regression ◽  
Maternal Dietary Intake

Abstract Background: Maternal dietary intake during pregnancy may influence offspring growth and adiposity. Specific dietary patterns associated with newborn adiposity have not been identified. Objective: We aimed to identify patterns of maternal dietary intake associated with gestational weight gain (GWG) and fasting glucose during pregnancy and to evaluate whether adherence to these patterns is associated with newborn adiposity. Methods: In the Healthy Start prospective cohort, dietary intake during pregnancy was assessed via 24-h recalls. Reduced-rank regression identified dietary patterns predictive of GWG and fasting glucose. Associations between dietary patterns and newborn fat mass, fat-free mass, and adiposity were estimated by using linear regression models among 764 ethnically diverse mother-infant pairs. Results: Two dietary patterns were identified. Pattern 1, correlated with greater GWG (r = 0.22, P &lt; 0.01), was characterized by a higher consumption of poultry, nuts, cheese, fruits, whole grains, added sugars, and solid fats. Greater adherence to pattern 1 (upper compared with lower tertile) predicted a greater newborn fat-free mass (61 g; 95% CI: 12, 110 g) but no difference in fat mass or adiposity. Pattern 2, correlated with greater maternal fasting glucose (r = 0.16, P &lt; 0.01), was characterized by a higher consumption of eggs, starchy vegetables, solid fats, fruits, and nonwhole grains and a lower consumption of dairy foods, dark-green vegetables, and whole grains. Greater adherence to pattern 2 was associated with a greater newborn birth weight (80 g; 95% CI: 15, 145 g), fat mass (33 g; 95% CI: 8, 59 g), and adiposity (0.9%; 95% CI: 0.3%, 1.6%). Conclusions: Among pregnant women, adherence to a dietary pattern characterized by an intake of poultry, nuts, cheese, and whole grains was associated with greater GWG but not maternal fasting glucose or newborn adiposity. Adherence to a pattern characterized by an intake of eggs, starchy vegetables, and nonwhole grains was associated with higher maternal fasting glucose and greater newborn adiposity. Maternal dietary patterns during pregnancy may influence newborn body composition.

Is Fat Mass Accretion of Late Preterm Infants Associated with Insulin Resistance?

Neonatology ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 111 (4) ◽  
pp. 353-359 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nadia Liotto ◽  
Maria Lorella Giannì ◽  
Francesca Taroni ◽  
Paola Roggero ◽  
Chiara Cristiana Condello ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Preterm Infants ◽  
Fat Mass ◽  
Late Preterm ◽  
Late Preterm Infants

scholarly journals Associations of Growth Impairment and Body Composition among South African School-Aged Children Enrolled in the KaziAfya Project

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (8) ◽  
pp. 2735
Author(s):  
Kurt Z. Long ◽  
Johanna Beckmann ◽  
Christin Lang ◽  
Harald Seelig ◽  
Siphesihle Nqweniso ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
South African ◽  
Fat Mass ◽  
Communicable Disease ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Bioelectrical Impedance ◽  
Impedance Analysis ◽  
Fat Free Mass ◽  
Linear Regression Models ◽  
School Aged Children

(1) Background: Early childhood malnutrition may result in increased fat mass (FM) among school-aged children in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). We explored whether South African children with shorter stature have greater overall and abdominal FM compared to normal stature children. (2) Methods: Baseline assessments of body composition and weight were determined among school-aged children enrolled in a randomized controlled trial in Port Elizabeth, South Africa, using bioelectrical impedance analysis. Multiple linear regression models tested associations of children’s height and degree of stunting with FM, fat free mass (FFM), truncal fat mass (TrFM), and truncal fat free mass (TrFFM) overall and by sex. (3) Results: A total of 1287 children (619 girls, 668 boys) were assessed at baseline. Reduced child height was associated with higher FM and lower FFM and TrFFM, but these associations were reversed with increases in height. Girls classified as mildly or moderately/severely stunted had higher FM and TrFM but lower FFM and TrFFM, while no association was found for boys. (4) Conclusions: Our study suggests that efforts to reduce the non-communicable disease burden in LMICs should target growth-impaired children who may have greater overall FM and greater abdominal FM.

scholarly journals Growth and body composition changes in late preterm infants in the first months of life

2013 ◽  
Vol 35 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
N. Liotto ◽  
F. Garbarino ◽  
E. Garavaglia ◽  
B. Bracco ◽  
D. Morniroli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Preterm Infants ◽  
Late Preterm ◽  
Late Preterm Infants ◽  
Composition Changes

scholarly journals Late preterm infants’ growth and body composition after discharge

2014 ◽  
Vol 40 (S2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Paola Roggero ◽  
Maria Lorella Giannì ◽  
Nadia Liotto ◽  
Pasqua Piemontese ◽  
Fabio Mosca
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Preterm Infants ◽  
Late Preterm ◽  
Late Preterm Infants

scholarly journals Macronutrient Intake from Human Milk, Infant Growth, and Body Composition at Term Equivalent Age: A Longitudinal Study of Hospitalized Very Preterm Infants

Nutrients ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (8) ◽  
pp. 2249 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mandy Belfort ◽  
Sara Cherkerzian ◽  
Katherine Bell ◽  
Betina Soldateli ◽  
Erika Cordova Ramos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Longitudinal Study ◽  
Human Milk ◽  
Preterm Infants ◽  
Fat Mass ◽  
Fat Free Mass ◽  
Macronutrient Intake ◽  
Very Preterm Infants ◽  
Equivalent Age ◽  
Growth Outcomes ◽  
Z Scores

The variable macronutrient content of human milk may contribute to growth deficits among preterm infants in the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU). In a longitudinal study of 37 infants < 32 weeks gestation, we aimed to (1) determine the between-infant variation in macronutrient intake from human milk and (2) examine associations of macronutrient intake with growth outcomes. We analyzed 1626 human milk samples (median, 43 samples/infant) with mid infrared spectroscopy. Outcomes at term equivalent age were weight, length, head circumference, fat mass, and fat-free mass. Median (range) intakes from human milk were: protein 1.37 (0.88, 2.43) g/kg/day; fat 4.20 (3.19, 5.82) g/kg/day; carbohydrate 8.94 (7.72, 9.85) g/kg/day; and energy 82.5 (68.7, 99.3) kcal/kg/day. In median regression models adjusted for birth size and gestational age, and other covariates, greater intakes of fat and energy were associated with higher weight (0.61 z-scores per g/kg/day fat, 95% CI 0.21, 1.01; 0.69 z-scores per 10 kcal/kg/day, 95% CI 0.28, 1.10), whereas greater protein intake was associated with greater body length (0.84 z-scores per g/kg/day protein, 95% CI 0.09, 1.58). Higher fat intake was also associated with higher fat mass and fat-free mass. Macronutrient intakes from human milk were highly variable and associated with growth outcomes despite routine fortification.

scholarly journals 391 Body Composition Changes in Early Postnatal Life of Late Preterm Infants

2010 ◽  
Vol 68 ◽  
pp. 201-201
Author(s):  
P Roggero ◽  
M L Giannì ◽  
N Liotto ◽  
L Morlacchi ◽  
F Mosca
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Preterm Infants ◽  
Late Preterm ◽  
Postnatal Life ◽  
Late Preterm Infants ◽  
Early Postnatal Life ◽  
Composition Changes

scholarly journals Testosterone Treatment in Infants With 47,XXY: Effects on Body Composition

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (12) ◽  
pp. 2276-2285 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shanlee M Davis ◽  
Regina M Reynolds ◽  
Dana M Dabelea ◽  
Philip S Zeitler ◽  
Nicole R Tartaglia
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Fat Mass ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Treated Group ◽  
Fat Free Mass ◽  
Healthy Male ◽  
Penile Length ◽  
Serious Adverse Events ◽  
Testosterone Treatment ◽  
Z Scores

Abstract Context Boys with XXY have greater adiposity and a higher risk of cardiovascular disease. Infants with XXY have lower testosterone concentrations than typical boys, but no studies have evaluated adiposity in infants with XXY or the physiologic effects of giving testosterone replacement. Objective To determine the effect of testosterone on body composition in infants with XXY. Design Prospective, randomized trial. Setting Tertiary care pediatric referral center. Participants 20 infants 6 to 15 weeks of age with 47,XXY. Intervention Testosterone cypionate 25 mg intramuscularly monthly for three doses vs no treatment. Main Outcome Measures Difference in change in adiposity (percent fat mass z scores); other body composition measures, penile length, and safety outcomes between treated and untreated infants; and comparison with typical infants. Results The increase in percent fat mass (%FM) z scores was greater in the untreated group than in the treated group (+0.92 ± 0.62 vs −0.12 ± 0.65, P = 0.004). Increases in secondary outcomes were greater in the testosterone-treated group for total mass, fat-free mass, length z score, stretched penile length, and growth velocity (P < 0.002 for all). At 5 months of age, adiposity in untreated infants with XXY was 26.7% compared with 23.2% in healthy male infants of the same age (P = 0.0037); there was no difference in %FM between the treated XXY boys and controls. Reported side effects were minimal and self-limited; no serious adverse events occurred. Conclusions Adiposity of untreated infants was 15% greater than that of male controls by 5 months of age. Testosterone treatment for infants with XXY resulted in positive changes in body composition.

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