Association Between Serum Vitamin A Levels and Recurrent Respiratory Tract Infections in Children

To evaluate the association between serum vitamin A levels and the prevalence of recurrent respiratory tract infections (RRTIs) in children and adolescents and to provide evidence that would help decrease the prevalence of respiratory tract infections (RTIs) in children. This cross-sectional study included 8034 children and adolescents in Beijing aged 6 months to 17 years. RRTI and RTI symptoms were diagnosed according to the Clinical Concept and Management of Recurrent Respiratory Tract Infections in Children. Multivariate logistic regression models were used to evaluate the association between serum vitamin A levels and RRTIs after adjusting for potential confounders. Among the included children, 721 (8.97%) were diagnosed with vitamin A deficiency, whereas 3,073 (38.25%) were diagnosed with subclinical vitamin A deficiency. Only 28.8% (208/721) of children with vitamin A deficiency and 53.1% (1,631/3,073) of children with subclinical vitamin A deficiency had no RRTI and RTI symptoms, respectively. Compared with children with normal vitamin A levels, those with vitamin A deficiency and subclinical vitamin A deficiency had a greater risk for RRTIs, with an odds ratio (OR) of 6.924 [95% confidence interval (CI): 5.433–8.824] and 2.140 (95% CI: 1.825–2.510), respectively]. Vitamin A levels were also positively associated with RTI symptoms, with those having vitamin A deficiency and subclinical vitamin A deficiency showing an OR of 1.126 (95% CI: 0.773–1.640) and 1.216 (95% CI: 1.036–1.427), respectively. The present cross-sectional study found that low serum vitamin A levels were significantly associated with RRTI or RTI prevalence in children and adolescents.

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The status of serum vitamin A/E and its effect on Recurrent Respiratory Tract Infections in children aged 2 to 17 years in Beijing, China, based on cross-sectional study

10.21203/rs.2.22863/v1 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Xiaoyan Wang ◽

Chunhua Jin ◽

Jiaxin Wang ◽

Jianhong Wang ◽

Lili Zhang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Vitamin E ◽

Vitamin A ◽

Children And Adolescents ◽

Respiratory Diseases ◽

Respiratory Tract Infections ◽

Vitamin A Deficiency ◽

Serum Vitamin ◽

Vitamin E Deficiency ◽

Tract Infections ◽

Recurrent Respiratory Tract Infections

Abstract Objective To test the association between serum vitamin A and vitamin E and the prevalence of recurrent respiratory tract infections (RRTIs) of children and adolescents. Method A total amount of 5780 children and adolescents aged 2 to 17 were involved, who were classified into:A) Control group ;B) Diagnosed as RRTI with RTI symptoms; C) With RRTI but currently no RTI symptoms being noticed, and D) Not RRTI but showing respiratory disease symptoms. The correlation between serum vitamin A/E level and the presence of RRTIs were analyzed. Results Comparing with the prevalence of RRTI in children with normal vitamin A level, the Odds Ratio(OR) of vitamin A deficiency for RRTIs with symptoms was 8.32 (95%CI: 6.15 ～ 11.27), while the OR of marginal vitamin A deficiency was 1.30 (95%CI: 1.10 ～ 1.55). The OR of vitamin A deficiency or marginal vitamin A deficiency for asymptomatic RRTIs were 1.52 (95%CI: 1.00 ～ 2.32) and 1.30 (95%CI: 1.10 ～ 1.55) respectively, while the OR of vitamin A deficiency or marginal vitamin A deficiency for other respiratory diseases were 7.09 (95%CI: 5.37 ～ 9.37) and 1.60 (95%CI: 1.38 ～ 1.86). Whereas, the OR of vitamin E deficiency or marginal vitamin E deficiency for RRTIs or normal respiratory infections were showed without statistical significance. Conclusion The low level of vitamin A in serum is a risk factor for children and adolescents getting RRTIs or RTIs, indicating a possibly regulatory role of vitamin A in the respiratory diseases. In comparison, the vitamin E deficiency seems to have a weaker but still positive effect on the RRTIs or RTI

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Excessive Vitamin A Supplementation Increased the Incidence of Acute Respiratory Tract Infections: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Nutrients ◽

10.3390/nu13124251 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (12) ◽

pp. 4251

Author(s):

Yihan Zhang ◽

Yifei Lu ◽

Shaokang Wang ◽

Ligang Yang ◽

Hui Xia ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Vitamin A ◽

Respiratory Tract ◽

Respiratory Tract Infections ◽

Vitamin A Deficiency ◽

Intervention Group ◽

High Dose ◽

Inclusion Criteria ◽

Vitamin A Supplementation ◽

Acute Respiratory Tract Infections ◽

Tract Infections

(1) Background: vitamin A deficiency (VAD) is highly prevalent in children living in poor conditions. It has been suggested that vitamin A supplementation (VAS) may reduce the risk of acute respiratory tract infections (ARTI). Our study provides updates on the effects of oral VAS (alone) in children on ARTI and further explores the effect on interesting subgroups. (2) Methods: eight databases were systematically searched from their inception until 5 July 2021. The assessments of inclusion criteria, extraction of data, and data synthesis were carried out independently by two reviewers. (3) Results: a total of 26 randomized trials involving 50,944 participants fulfilled the inclusion criteria. There was no significant association of VAS with the incidence of ARTI compared with the placebo (RR 1.03, 95% CI 0.92 to 1.15). Subgroup analyses showed that VAS higher than WHO recommendations increased the incidence of ARTI by 13% (RR 1.13, 95% CI 1.07 to 1.20), and in the high-dose intervention group, the incidence rate among well-nourished children rose by 66% (RR 1.66, 95% CI 1.30 to 2.11). (4) Conclusions: no more beneficial effects were seen with VAS in children in the prevention or recovery of acute respiratory infections. Excessive VAS may increase the incidence of ARTI in children with normal nutritional status.

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Retraction Note: Childhood iron deficiency anemia leads to recurrent respiratory tract infections and gastroenteritis

Scientific Reports ◽

10.1038/s41598-021-90018-8 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Jayaweera Arachchige Asela Sampath Jayaweera ◽

Mohammed Reyes ◽

Anpalaham Joseph

Keyword(s):

Iron Deficiency ◽

Respiratory Tract ◽

Iron Deficiency Anemia ◽

Respiratory Tract Infections ◽

Deficiency Anemia ◽

Link Type ◽

Tract Infections ◽

Recurrent Respiratory Tract Infections

Editor's Note: this Article has been retracted; the Retraction Note is available at https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-021-90018-8.

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Acceptability of a Sublingual Drug Formulation for Respiratory Tract Infections in Children Aged 3 to 5 Years

Pharmaceutics ◽

10.3390/pharmaceutics13020294 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (2) ◽

pp. 294

Author(s):

Andrzej Emeryk ◽

Thibault Vallet ◽

Ewelina Wawryk-Gawda ◽

Arkadiusz Jędrzejewski ◽

Frederic Durmont ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Respiratory Tract ◽

Respiratory Tract Infections ◽

Drug Formulation ◽

Reference Framework ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Key Factor ◽

Treatment Safety ◽

The Many ◽

Tract Infections ◽

Recurrent Respiratory Tract Infections

In pediatrics, acceptability has emerged as a key factor for compliance, and consequently for treatment safety and efficacy. Polyvalent mechanical bacterial lysate (PMBL) in 50-mg sublingual tablets is indicated in children and adults for the prophylaxis of recurrent respiratory tract infections. This medication may be prescribed in children over 3 years of age; the appropriateness of this sublingual formulation should thus be demonstrated amongst young children. Using a multivariate approach integrating the many aspects of acceptability, standardized observer reports were collected for medication intake over the course of treatment (days 1, 2, and 10) in 37 patients aged 3 to 5 years, and then analyzed in an intelligible model: the acceptability reference framework. According to this multidimensional model, 50-mg PMBL sublingual tablets were classified as “positively accepted” in children aged 3 to 5 years on all three days of evaluation. As the acceptability evaluation should be relative, we demonstrated that there was no significant difference between the acceptability of these sublingual tablets and a score reflecting the average acceptability of oral/buccal medicines in preschoolers. These results highlight that sublingual formulations could be appropriate for use in preschoolers.

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