scholarly journals Modulation of the Gut Microbiota and Liver Transcriptome by Red Yeast Rice and Monascus Pigment Fermented by Purple Monascus SHM1105 in Rats Fed with a High-Fat Diet

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hua Yang ◽  
Ronghua Pan ◽  
Jing Wang ◽  
Lizhong Zheng ◽  
Zhenjing Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Lipids ◽  
Weight Ratio ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Lipid Lowering ◽  
Red Yeast Rice ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Active Ingredients ◽  
Monascus Pigment ◽  
Red Yeast ◽  
Liver Transcriptome

Hyperlipidemia can easily cause atherosclerosis and induce cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases. Red yeast rice (RYR) contains a variety of active ingredients and is commonly used as medicine and food, and has pharmacological effects such as lowering blood lipids. In this study, we select Monascus strain SHM1105 with a high yield of Monacolin K and monascus pigment (PIG), and studied the effects of the RYR and PIG fermented by this strain on blood lipids, intestinal flora, and liver transcriptome in hyperlipidemia model rats. The experimental results show that, compared with the high-fat model group, the weight growth rate, liver weight ratio, kidney weight ratio, spleen weight ratio, and fat weight ratio of rats in the gavage lovastatin (LOV), RYR, and PIG group were all significantly decreased (p < 0.05). Intervention with RYR and PIG can significantly reduce the serum TC, TG, and LDL-C levels, which has the effect of lowering blood lipids. The 16SrDNA sequencing results showed that the ratio of Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes decreased significantly (p ≤ 0.01) after the intervention of LOV, RYR, and PIG; the abundance of the ratio of Lachnospiraceae, Ruminococcaceae, Prevotellaceae, and Bacteroidales-S24-7-group also changed. The combined analysis of transcriptome and metabolome showed that lovastatin, RYR, and PIG can all improve lipid metabolism in rats by regulating Steroid hormone biosynthesis, Glycerolipid metabolism, and the Arachidonic acid metabolism pathway. In addition, RYR and PIG also have a unique way of regulating blood lipids. Although a lot of research on the lipid-lowering components of Monascus rice and the single pigment component of Monascus has been carried out, the actual application is RYR and pigments as mixtures, as a mixture of RYR and PIG contains a variety of biologically active ingredients, and each component may have a synergistic effect. Hence it has a lipid-lowering mechanism that lovastatin does not have. Therefore, RYR and PIG are effective in reducing lipid potential development and can be utilized in functional foods.

scholarly journals In VivoHypocholesterolemic Effect of MARDI Fermented Red Yeast Rice Water Extract in High Cholesterol Diet Fed Mice

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Swee Keong Yeap ◽  
Boon Kee Beh ◽  
Joan Kong ◽  
Wan Yong Ho ◽  
Hamidah Mohd Yusof ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Extract ◽  
Lipid Lowering ◽  
High Cholesterol Diet ◽  
Red Yeast Rice ◽  
Monacolin K ◽  
Cholesterol Diet ◽  
High Cholesterol ◽  
Red Yeast ◽  
Rice Water

Fermented red yeast rice has been traditionally consumed as medication in Asian cuisine. This study aimed to determine thein vivohypocholesterolemic and antioxidant effects of fermented red yeast rice water extract produced using Malaysian Agricultural Research and Development Institute (MARDI)Monascus purpureusstrains in mice fed with high cholesterol diet. Absence of monacolin-k, lower level ofγ-aminobutyric acid (GABA), higher content of total amino acids, and antioxidant activities were detected in MARDI fermented red yeast rice water extract (MFRYR).In vivoMFRYR treatment on hypercholesterolemic mice recorded similar lipid lowering effect as commercial red yeast rice extract (CRYR) as it helps to reduce the elevated serum liver enzyme and increased the antioxidant levels in liver. This effect was also associated with the upregulation of apolipoproteins-E and inhibition of Von Willebrand factor expression. In summary, MFRYR enriched in antioxidant and amino acid without monacolin-k showed similar hypocholesterolemic effect as CRYR that was rich in monacolin-k and GABA.

Lipid-Lowering Efficacy of Red Yeast Rice in a Population Intolerant to Statins

2010 ◽  
Vol 105 (5) ◽  
pp. 664-666 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carmelo V. Venero ◽  
Jose V. Venero ◽  
Dale C. Wortham ◽  
Paul D. Thompson
Keyword(s):  
Lipid Lowering ◽  
Red Yeast Rice ◽  
Red Yeast

Metabolic outcomes of Red yeast rice administration in patients treated with second-generation antipsychotics

2017 ◽  
Vol 41 (S1) ◽  
pp. S372-S372
Author(s):  
G.M. Troili ◽  
A. Bruno ◽  
G. Pandolfo ◽  
M. Crucitti ◽  
R.A. Zoccali ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Total Cholesterol ◽  
Atypical Antipsychotics ◽  
Second Generation ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Metabolic Parameters ◽  
Lipoprotein Cholesterol ◽  
Lipid Lowering ◽  
Red Yeast Rice ◽  
Red Yeast ◽  
Second Generation Antipsychotics

RationaleSecond-generation antipsychotics (SGAs) are notoriously associated with a wide range of metabolic adverse effects, and their chronic use is related with an increased risk for the development of metabolic syndrome (MS). The nutraceutical approach to the management of MS might be a promising strategy in the prevention of cardio-metabolic risk. In this context, Red yeast rice (RYR) have been shown to have a lipid lowering effect in an increasing number of clinical studies.ObjectivesThe present study was aimed to explore the efficacy and safety of RYR treatment on metabolic parameters in a sample of subjects receiving atypical antipsychotics.MethodsTen outpatients treated with atypical APs assumed RYR at single daily dose of 200 mg/day for 30 days. Total cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL), triglycerides, fasting levels of glucose, and glycated hemoglobin were determined.ResultsRYR administration non-resulted in a statistically significant reduction of metabolic parameters in the study sample. However, a trend for total cholesterol (T0 vs. T1: 159.6 vs. 145.6) and LDL (T0 vs. T1: 94.1 vs. 77.6) decrease was observed.ConclusionsOur findings in patients receiving atypical antipsychotics did not confirm the beneficial effect of RYS on lipemic profiles previously found in subjects who do not take this class of drugs. Further clinical trials with adequately-powered and well-designed methodology are needed to better explore the RYS effectiveness on the SGAs-induced metabolic side effects.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.

scholarly journals Comparison of the Reduction of LDL-C or nonHDL-C induced by Red Yeast Rice Extract, Xuezhikang, between Fasting and Postprandial States in Patients with Coronary Artery Disease

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Li-Yuan Zhu ◽  
Xing-Yu Wen ◽  
Qun-Yan Xiang ◽  
Li-Ling Guo ◽  
Jin Xu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Coronary Artery Disease ◽  
Coronary Artery ◽  
Blood Lipids ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Lipoprotein Cholesterol ◽  
Red Yeast Rice ◽  
Red Yeast ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Artery Disease ◽  
Standard Breakfast

Abstract Background: Xuezhikang, an extract of red yeast rice, effectively lowers fasting and postprandial triglyceride (TG) levels. It was unknown that whether Xuezhikang could contribute the lipid management goals, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) and non-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (nonHDL-C) at fasting and postprandial states in patients with coronary artery disease (CAD).Methods: Fifty CAD patients were divided into Xuezhikang (XZK, n=25) group and control (CON, n=25) group randomly to receive red yeast rice exact, 1200mg/d Xuezhikang capsules or not for 6 weeks (6w). Blood lipids were detected repeatedly before and after 6w at 0, 2, 4 and 6 hours (h) after a standard breakfast with 800kcal.Result: When taking all patients as a whole (n=50), serum LDL-C level decreased while TG and RC levels increased significantly at 2, 4 and 6 h after breakfast (P＜0.05). Serum nonHDL-C level mildly but significantly increased at 4h and 6h after breakfast (P＜0.05). Short-term Xuezhikang treatment decreased tAUCs of TC, TG, LDL-C, nonHDL-C and RC whereas increased that of HDL-C significantly (P＜0.05). Serum LDL-C level showed a drop of 27.8%, 28.1%, 26.2%, 25.3% at 0, 2, 4 and 6 h, respectively, after breakfast. Serum nonHDL-C level showed a drop of 27.6%, 28.7%, 29.0% and 28.0% at 0, 2, 4 and 6 h, respectively. There was no significant difference in the percentages of reduction in LDL-C or nonHDL-C level among four time-points.Conclusions: Xuezhikang significantly decreased LDL-C or nonHDL-C level with similar percentages of reduction between fasting and postprandial states in patients with CAD, indicating that postprandial blood lipids detected at the same time point after a daily meal could replace fasting blood lipids to evaluate the efficacy of cholesterol-lowering therapy in CAD patients, unwilling or unable to keep a fasting state.

1443Safety of red yeast rice supplementation: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials

2019 ◽  
Vol 40 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
F Fogacci ◽  
M Banach ◽  
D P Mikhailidis ◽  
E Bruckert ◽  
P P Toth ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adverse Events ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Lipid Lowering ◽  
Forest Plot ◽  
Tolerability Profile ◽  
Red Yeast Rice ◽  
Monacolin K ◽  
Randomized Controlled ◽  
Red Yeast ◽  
Increased Risk

Abstract Background Recently, concerns regarding the safety of red yeast rice (RYR) have been raised after the publication of some case reports claiming toxicity. Purpose Since the previous meta-analyses on the effects of RYR were mainly focused on its efficacy to improve the lipid profile and other cardiovascular parameters, we carried out a meta-analysis on safety data derived from the available randomized controlled clinical trials (RCTs). Methods Primary outcomes were musculoskeletal disorders (MuD). Secondary outcomes were non-musculoskeletal adverse events (Non-MuD) and serious adverse events (SAE). Subgroups analyses were carried out considering the intervention (RYR alone or in association with other nutraceutical compounds), monacolin K administered daily dose (≤3, <3–5 and >5 mg/day), follow-up (>12 or ≤12 weeks), with statin therapy or statin-intolerance and type of control treatment (placebo or statin treatment). Results Data were pooled from 52 RCTs comprising 110 treatment arms, which included 8503 subjects, with 4421 in the RYR arm and 4287 in the control one. Monacolin K administration was not associated with increased risk of MuD (odds ratio [OR]=0.94, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.53,1.65). (Figure below presents the forest plot comparing the RYR associated risk of MuD in the entire population). Moreover, we found a reduced risk of Non-MuD (OR=0.59, 95% CI 0.50, 0.69) and SAE (OR=0.54, 95% CI 0.46, 0.64) vs. control. Subgroups analyses confirmed the high tolerability profile of RYR. Furthermore, increasing daily doses of monacolin K were negatively associated with increasing risk of Non-MuD (slope: −0.10; 95% CI: −0.17, −0.03; two-tailed p<0.01). Forest plot on RYR link with MuD risk. Conclusions Based on our data, RYR use as lipid-lowering dietary supplement seems to be overall tolerable and safe in a large population of moderately hypercholesterolaemic subjects. Acknowledgement/Funding None

scholarly journals Red yeast rice ameliorates high-fat diet-induced atherosclerosis in Apoe−/− mice in association with improved inflammation and altered gut microbiota composition

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (7) ◽  
pp. 3880-3889 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yanhan Dong ◽  
Huimin Cheng ◽  
Ying Liu ◽  
Meilan Xue ◽  
Hui Liang
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
High Fat Diet ◽  
Red Yeast Rice ◽  
Microbiota Composition ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Red Yeast ◽  
Gut Microbiota Composition

Red yeast rice could significantly protect against atherosclerosis, which were possibly associated with the alterations in the gut microbiota composition.

Monascus yellow, red and orange pigments from red yeast rice ameliorate lipid metabolic disorders and gut microbiota dysbiosis in Wistar rats fed on a high-fat diet

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 1073-1084 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wenbin Zhou ◽  
Rui Guo ◽  
Weiling Guo ◽  
Jiali Hong ◽  
Lu Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Mrna Expression ◽  
High Fat Diet ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Metabolic Disorders ◽  
Cholesterol Metabolism ◽  
Red Yeast Rice ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Red Yeast ◽  
Gut Microbiota Dysbiosis

Monascus yellow, red and orange pigments modulate specific gut microbial phylotypes and regulating mRNA expression involved in glucose, lipid and cholesterol metabolism.

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