scholarly journals The role of macropinocytosis in the propagation of protein aggregation associated with neurodegenerative diseases

2015 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rafaa Zeineddine ◽  
Justin J. Yerbury
Keyword(s):  
Neurodegenerative Diseases ◽  
Protein Aggregation

scholarly journals Intercellular Spread of Protein Aggregates in Neurodegenerative Disease

2018 ◽  
Vol 34 (1) ◽  
pp. 545-568 ◽  
Author(s):  
Albert A. Davis ◽  
Cheryl E.G. Leyns ◽  
David M. Holtzman
Keyword(s):  
Neurodegenerative Diseases ◽  
Protein Aggregation ◽  
Neurodegenerative Disease ◽  
Extracellular Space ◽  
Protein Aggregates ◽  
Therapeutic Strategies ◽  
Disease Pathogenesis ◽  
Donor Cells ◽  
Intercellular Spread

Most neurodegenerative diseases are characterized by the accumulation of protein aggregates, some of which are toxic to cells. Mounting evidence demonstrates that in several diseases, protein aggregates can pass from neuron to neuron along connected networks, although the role of this spreading phenomenon in disease pathogenesis is not completely understood. Here we briefly review the molecular and histopathological features of protein aggregation in neurodegenerative disease, we summarize the evidence for release of proteins from donor cells into the extracellular space, and we highlight some other mechanisms by which protein aggregates might be transmitted to recipient cells. We also discuss the evidence that supports a role for spreading of protein aggregates in neurodegenerative disease pathogenesis and some limitations of this model. Finally, we consider potential therapeutic strategies to target spreading of protein aggregates in the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases.

scholarly journals Targeted proteolytic products of τ and α-synuclein in neurodegeneration

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuxing Xia ◽  
Grace M. Lloyd ◽  
Benoit I. Giasson
Keyword(s):  
Cerebrospinal Fluid ◽  
Neurodegenerative Diseases ◽  
Protein Aggregation ◽  
Future Development ◽  
Proteolytic Cleavage ◽  
Therapeutic Interventions ◽  
The Future ◽  
Proteolytic Activities

Abstract CNS pathological inclusions comprising τ or α-synuclein (αSyn) define a spectrum of neurodegenerative diseases, and these can often present concurrently in the same individuals. The aggregation of both proteins is clearly associated with neurodegeneration and the deleterious properties of each protein is further supported by mutations in each gene (MAPT and SNCA, respectively) resulting in disease. The initiating events in most sporadic neurodegenerative diseases are still unclear but growing evidence suggests that the aberrant proteolytic cleavage of τ and αSyn results in products that can be toxic and/or initiate aggregation that can further spread by a prion-like mechanism. The accumulation of some of these cleavage products can further potentiate the progression of protein aggregation transmission and lead to their accumulation in peripheral biofluids such as cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and blood. The future development of new tools to detect specific τ and αSyn abnormal cleavage products in peripheral biofluids could be useful biomarkers and better understand of the role of unique proteolytic activities could yield therapeutic interventions.

scholarly journals Amyloid-like aggregates cause lysosomal defects in neurons via gain-of-function toxicity

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tillman Schaefer ◽  
Irene Riera-Tur ◽  
Daniel Hornburg ◽  
Archana Mishra ◽  
Lorena Fernández-Mosquera ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Neurodegenerative Diseases ◽  
Protein Aggregation ◽  
Protein Trafficking ◽  
Electron Tomography ◽  
Lysosomal Storage ◽  
Gain Of Function ◽  
Β Protein ◽  
Protein Interactome ◽  
A Subunit

AbstractThe autophagy-lysosomal pathway is impaired in many neurodegenerative diseases characterized by protein aggregation, but the link between aggregation and lysosomal dysfunction remains poorly understood. Here, we use artificial amyloid-like β-sheet proteins (β proteins) to investigate the gain-of-function effects of protein aggregation in primary neurons. We show that β proteins form fibrillar aggregates and cause neurotoxicity. Cryo-electron tomography reveals lysosomal alterations reminiscent of lysosomal storage disorders. Mass spectrometry-based analysis of the β protein interactome shows that β proteins sequester AP-3μ1, a subunit of the AP-3 adaptor complex involved in protein trafficking to lysosomal organelles. Importantly, restoring AP-3μ1 expression ameliorates neurotoxicity caused by β proteins. Our results point to lysosomes as particularly vulnerable organelles in neurodegenerative diseases, and emphasize the role of toxic gain-of-function of protein aggregates in lysosomal defects.

Role of the Structural Characteristics of Dendrimers in the Manifestation of the Antiamyloid Properties

INEOS OPEN ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. A. Sorokina ◽  
◽  
Yu. Yu. Stroilova ◽  
V. I. Muronets ◽  
Z. B. Shifrina ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Neurodegenerative Diseases ◽  
Structural Characteristics ◽  
Short Review ◽  
External Factors ◽  
Amyloid Aggregation ◽  
Amyloid Proteins ◽  
Molecular Parameters ◽  
Amyloid Aggregates ◽  
Aggregation Processes

Among the compounds able to efficiently inhibit the amyloid aggregation of proteins and decompose the amyloid aggregates that cause neurodegenerative diseases, of particular interest are dendrimers, which represent individual macromolecules with the hypercrosslinked architectures and given molecular parameters. This short review outlines the peculiarities of the antiamyloid activity of dendrimers and discusses the effect of dendrimer structures and external factors on their antiamyloid properties. The potential of application of dendrimers in further investigations on the aggregation processes of amyloid proteins as the compounds that exhibit the remarkable antiamyloid activity is evaluated.

Involvement of Heme Oxygenase-1 in Neuropsychiatric and Neurodegenerative Diseases

2018 ◽  
Vol 24 (20) ◽  
pp. 2283-2302 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vivian B. Neis ◽  
Priscila B. Rosa ◽  
Morgana Moretti ◽  
Ana Lucia S. Rodrigues
Keyword(s):  
Neurodegenerative Diseases ◽  
Heme Oxygenase ◽  
Therapeutic Potential ◽  
Redox Homeostasis ◽  
Antioxidant Defenses ◽  
Heme Oxygenase 1 ◽  
Physiological Conditions ◽  
And Oxidative Stress ◽  
Defensive Mechanism

Heme oxygenase (HO) family catalyzes the conversion of heme into free iron, carbon monoxide and biliverdin. It possesses two well-characterized isoforms: HO-1 and HO-2. Under brain physiological conditions, the expression of HO-2 is constitutive, abundant and ubiquitous, whereas HO-1 mRNA and protein are restricted to small populations of neurons and neuroglia. HO-1 is an inducible enzyme that has been shown to participate as an essential defensive mechanism for neurons exposed to oxidant challenges, being related to antioxidant defenses in certain neuropathological conditions. Considering that neurodegenerative diseases (Alzheimer’s Disease (AD), Parkinson’s Disease (PD) and Multiple Sclerosis (MS)) and neuropsychiatric disorders (depression, anxiety, Bipolar Disorder (BD) and schizophrenia) are associated with increased inflammatory markers, impaired redox homeostasis and oxidative stress, conditions that may be associated with alterations in HO-levels/activity, the purpose of this review is to present evidence on the possible role of HO-1 in these Central Nervous System (CNS) diseases. In addition, the possible therapeutic potential of targeting brain HO-1 is explored in this review.

Role of paraoxonase 1 (PON1) in organophosphate metabolism: Implications in neurodegenerative diseases

2011 ◽  
Vol 256 (3) ◽  
pp. 418-424 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vasilis P. Androutsopoulos ◽  
Konstantinos Kanavouras ◽  
Aristidis M. Tsatsakis
Keyword(s):  
Neurodegenerative Diseases ◽  
Paraoxonase 1
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