scholarly journals MRI Evaluation of Axonal Remodeling After Combination Treatment With Xiaoshuan Enteric-Coated Capsule and Enriched Environment in Rats After Ischemic Stroke

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Man-Zhong Li ◽  
Yu Zhan ◽  
Le Yang ◽  
Xue-Feng Feng ◽  
Hai-Yan Zou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ischemic Stroke ◽  
Combination Treatment ◽  
Enriched Environment ◽  
Enteric Coated Capsule ◽  
Enteric Coated ◽  
Mri Evaluation

scholarly journals Effects of Xiaoshuan Enteric-Coated Capsule on White and Gray Matter Injury Evaluated by Diffusion Tensor Imaging in Ischemic Stroke

2018 ◽  
Vol 28 (6) ◽  
pp. 671-683 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jian Zhang ◽  
Shengpan Chen ◽  
Weilong Shi ◽  
Manzhong Li ◽  
Yu Zhan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ischemic Stroke ◽  
Diffusion Tensor Imaging ◽  
Treatment Group ◽  
Nerve Cell ◽  
Gray Matter ◽  
Diffusion Tensor ◽  
External Capsule ◽  
Enteric Coated Capsule ◽  
Enteric Coated ◽  
Myelin Damage

Xiaoshuan enteric-coated capsule (XSECC) is a drug approved by the Chinese State Food and Drug Administration for the treatment of stroke. This study was to investigate the effects of XSECC on white and gray matter injury in a rat model of ischemic stroke by diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) and histopathological analyses. The ischemia was induced by middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO). The cerebral blood flow measured by arterial spin labeling was improved by treatment with XSECC on the 3rd, 7th, 14th and 30th days after MCAO. Spatiotemporal white and gray matter changes in MCAO rats were examined with DTI-derived parameters (fractional anisotropy, FA; apparent diffusion coefficient, ADC; axial diffusivity, λ//; radial diffusivity, λ⊥). The increased FA was found in the XSECC treatment group in the corpus callosum, external capsule and internal capsule, linked with the decreased λ//, λ⊥ and ADC on the 3rd day and reduced ADC on the 30th day in the external capsule, suggesting XSECC reduced the axon and myelin damage in white matter after stroke. The relative FA in the striatum, cortex and thalamus in XSECC treatment group was significantly increased on the 3rd, 7th, 14th and 30th days accompanied by the increased λ// on the 3rd day and reduced relative ADC and λ⊥ on the 30th day, indicating that XSECC attenuated cell swelling and membrane damage in the early stage and tissue liquefaction necrosis in the late stage in gray matter after stroke. Additionally, XSECC-treated rats exhibited increased mean fiber length assessed by diffusion tensor tractography. Moreover, histopathological analyses provided evidence that XSECC relieved nerve cell and myelin damage in white and gray matter after stroke. Our research reveals that XSECC could alleviate white and gray matter injury, especially reducing nerve cell damage and promoting the repair of axon and myelin after ischemic stroke.

Combination treatment for acute ischemic stroke: A ray of Hope?

1999 ◽  
Vol 8 (6) ◽  
pp. 359-367 ◽  
Author(s):  
Susan C. Fagan ◽  
Mark P. Bowes ◽  
Samir A. Berri ◽  
Justin A. Zivin
Keyword(s):  
Ischemic Stroke ◽  
Acute Ischemic Stroke ◽  
Combination Treatment

scholarly journals Intracranial Atherosclerosis Assessed with 7-T MRI: Evaluation of Patients with Ischemic Stroke or Transient Ischemic Attack

Radiology ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 295 (1) ◽  
pp. 162-170 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arjen Lindenholz ◽  
Anja G. van der Kolk ◽  
Irene C. van der Schaaf ◽  
H. Bart van der Worp ◽  
Anita A. Harteveld ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ischemic Stroke ◽  
Transient Ischemic Attack ◽  
Intracranial Atherosclerosis ◽  
Ischemic Attack ◽  
Mri Evaluation

scholarly journals Longitudinal MRI Evaluation of Ischemic Stroke in the Basal Ganglia of a Rhesus Macaque (Macaca mulatta) with Seizures

2018 ◽  
Vol 68 (6) ◽  
pp. 496-502 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chun-Xia Li ◽  
Doty J Kempf ◽  
Frank C Tong ◽  
Yumei Yan ◽  
Zhengfeng Xu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ischemic Stroke ◽  
Basal Ganglia ◽  
Rhesus Macaque ◽  
Macaca Mulatta ◽  
Longitudinal Mri ◽  
Mri Evaluation

Safety and Efficacy of Didanosine Enteric-Coated Capsule in Patients with HIV-1 Infection

2009 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
pp. CMT.S3049
Author(s):  
Alejandro Arenas-Pinto
Keyword(s):  
Close Monitoring ◽  
Resistance Mutations ◽  
Potent Inducer ◽  
Resource Limited ◽  
Enteric Coated Capsule ◽  
Gastrointestinal Intolerance ◽  
Previously Treated Patients ◽  
Previously Treated ◽  
Low Threshold ◽  
Enteric Coated

Didanosine (ddl) has been used to treat HIV infection, in combination with other anti-retroviral drugs, for over 15 years. However, the use of the original formulation of ddI was limited by serious gastro-intestinal adverse effects, which were mainly attributable to the buffer used to protect ddI from the effect of gastric pH. Didanosine enteric-coated capsule (ddI-EC), a more recently introduced formulation, is less likely to cause gastrointestinal intolerance and its absorption might not be compromised by food intake. In this review we discuss efficacy of ddI-EC-containing anti-retroviral combinations (cART) both in naïve and previously treated patients. Because of its favorable resistance profile, ddI-EC has been shown to be potentially efficacious in rescuing patients in virological failure, even if they have nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTI)-associated resistance mutations. However, ddI has been shown as a potent inducer of mitochondrial dysfunction. Peripheral neuropathy, severe hyperlactatemia and pancreatitis have all been described in patients exposed to ddI. Close monitoring of patients on ddI-EC-containing cART and low threshold for treatment modifications are required to prevent major complications. In the context of once daily cART, ddI-EC is a valid option, particularly when other agents are not available, or when other medical conditions preclude the use of drugs such as tenofovir or abacavir. The role of ddI-EC in second line cART may be even more important in resource-limited settings where additional options are lacking.

scholarly journals Vepoloxamer Enhances Fibrinolysis of tPA (Tissue-Type Plasminogen Activator) on Acute Ischemic Stroke

Stroke ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 50 (12) ◽  
pp. 3600-3608 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chunyang Wang ◽  
Rui Huang ◽  
Chao Li ◽  
Mei Lu ◽  
Martin Emanuele ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Endothelial Cells ◽  
Ischemic Stroke ◽  
Acute Ischemic Stroke ◽  
Plasminogen Activator ◽  
Combination Treatment ◽  
Infarct Volume ◽  
Brain Perfusion ◽  
Artery Occlusion ◽  
Tissue Type ◽  
Pai 1

Background and Purpose— Thrombolytic treatment of acute ischemic stroke with tPA (tissue-type plasminogen activator) is hampered by its narrow therapeutic window and potential hemorrhagic complication. Vepoloxamer is a nonionic surfactant that exerts potent hemorheologic and antithrombotic properties in various thrombotic diseases. The current study investigated the effect of vepoloxamer on tPA treatment in a rat model of embolic stroke. Methods— Male Wistar rats subjected to embolic middle cerebral artery occlusion were treated with the combination of vepoloxamer and tPA, vepoloxamer alone, tPA alone, or saline initiated 4 hours after middle cerebral artery occlusion. Results— Monotherapy with tPA did not reduce infarct volume, and adversely potentiated microvascular thrombosis and vascular leakage compared with the saline treatment. Vepoloxamer monotherapy reduced infarct volume by 25% and improved brain perfusion. However, the combination treatment with vepoloxamer and tPA significantly reduced infarct volume by 32% and improved neurological function, without increasing the incidence of gross hemorrhage. Compared with vepoloxamer alone, the combination treatment with vepoloxamer and tPA robustly reduced secondary thrombosis and tPA-augmented microvascular leakage and further improved brain perfusion, which was associated with substantial reductions of serum active PAI-1 (plasminogen activator inhibitor-1) level and tPA-upregulated PAI-1 in the ischemic brain. Mechanistically, exosomes derived from platelets of ischemic rats treated with tPA-augmented cerebral endothelial barrier permeability and elevated protein levels of PAI-1 and TF (tissue factor) in the endothelial cells, whereas exosomes derived from platelets of rats subjected to the combination treatment with vepoloxamer and tPA diminished endothelial permeability augmented by tPA and fibrin and reduced PAI-1 and TF levels in the endothelial cells. Conclusions— The combination treatment with vepoloxamer and tPA exerts potent thrombolytic effects in rats subjected to acute ischemic stroke. Vepoloxamer reduces tPA-aggravated prothrombotic effect of platelet-derived exosomes on cerebral endothelial cells, which may contribute to the therapeutic effect of the combination treatment.

scholarly journals Metformin and Diammonium Glycyrrhizinate Enteric-Coated Capsule versus Metformin Alone versus Diammonium Glycyrrhizinate Enteric-Coated Capsule Alone in Patients with Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease and Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rong Zhang ◽  
Keran Cheng ◽  
Shizan Xu ◽  
Sainan Li ◽  
Yuqing Zhou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Fatty Liver Disease ◽  
Metabolic Parameters ◽  
Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver ◽  
Enteric Coated Capsule ◽  
Group 3 ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Enteric Coated ◽  
Group 1

Objective. The present study was conducted to compare the efficacy of metformin combined with diammonium glycyrrhizinate enteric-coated capsule (DGEC) versus metformin alone versus DGEC alone for the treatment of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Subjects and Methods. 163 patients with NAFLD and T2DM were enrolled in this 24-week study and were randomized to one of three groups: group 1 was treated with metformin alone; group 2 was treated with DGEC alone; group 3 received metformin plus DGEC combination therapy. Anthropometric parameters, liver function, lipid profile, serum ferritin (SF), metabolic parameters, liver/spleen computed tomography (CT) ratio, and fibroscan value were evaluated at baseline and after 8, 16, and 24 weeks of treatment. Results. After 24 weeks, significant improvements in all measured parameters were observed in three groups (P<0.05) except for the improvements in low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) and metabolic parameters in group 2 which did not reach statistical significance (P>0.05). Compared with group 1 and group 2, the patients in group 3 had greater reductions in observed parameters apart from CB and TB (P<0.05). Conclusions. This study showed that metformin plus DGEC was more effective than metformin alone or DGEC alone in reducing liver enzymes, lipid levels, and metabolic parameters and ameliorating the degree of hepatic fibrosis in patients with NAFLD and T2DM.

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