scholarly journals Susceptibility of Four Species of Aphids in Wheat to Seven Insecticides and Its Relationship to Detoxifying Enzymes

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peipan Gong ◽  
Defeng Chen ◽  
Chao Wang ◽  
Mengyi Li ◽  
Xinan Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rhopalosiphum Padi ◽  
Aphid Species ◽  
Oxidase Inhibitor ◽  
Metabolic Process ◽  
Schizaphis Graminum ◽  
Glutathione S Transferase ◽  
Detoxifying Enzymes ◽  
Metopolophium Dirhodum ◽  
P450 Monooxygenase ◽  
Species Specific

Sitobion avenae (Fabricius), Rhopalosiphum padi (Linnaeus), Schizaphis graminum (Rondani), and Metopolophium dirhodum (Walker) (Hemiptera: Aphididae) are important pests of wheat and other cereals worldwide. In this study, the susceptibilities of four wheat aphid species to seven insecticides were assessed. Furthermore, the activities of carboxylesterase (CarE), glutathione S-transferase (GSTs), and cytochrome P450 monooxygenase (P450s) were determined in imidacloprid treated and untreated aphids. The results showed that the susceptibilities of four wheat aphid species to tested insecticides are different and M. dirhodum has shown higher tolerance to most insecticides. Relatively higher CarE and GST activities were observed in M. dirhodum, and P450s activities increased significantly in response to imidacloprid treatment. Moreover, susceptibility to imidacloprid were increased by the oxidase inhibitor piperonyl butoxide in M. dirhodum (20-fold). The results we have obtained imply that P450s may play an important role in imidacloprid metabolic process in M. dirhodum. We suggest that a highly species-specific approach is essential for managing M. dirhodum.

scholarly journals Comparison of Field Population Growths of Three Cereal Aphid Species on Winter Wheat

2011 ◽  
Vol 39 (No. 2) ◽  
pp. 61-64 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. Jarošík ◽  
A. Honěk ◽  
A. Tichopád
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Rhopalosiphum Padi ◽  
Intrinsic Rate ◽  
Aphid Species ◽  
Population Increase ◽  
Intrinsic Rate Of Increase ◽  
Cereal Aphid ◽  
Metopolophium Dirhodum ◽  
Aphid Density ◽  
Rate Of Increase

Population growths of three aphid species colonising winter wheat stands, Metopolophium dirhodum, Rhopalosiphum padi and Sitobion avenae, were analysed by regression method. The calculations were based on counts in 268 winter wheat plots at 3 or 7 day intervals over 10 (leaves) or 6 (ears) years. The population dynamics of a particular species differed widely between years. Density independent exponential growth of the population was most common, but its rate differed significantly between species, and for S. avenae also between populations on leaves and ears, on which the populations grew fastest. Field estimates of the intrinsic rate of increase derived from the exponential growths ranged between 0.010–0.026 in M. dirhodum, 0.0071–0.011 in R. padi, and between 0.00078–0.0061 and 0.0015–0.13 in S. avenae on leaves and ears, respectively. In the populations with the most vigorous population growth, S. avenae on ears and M. dirhodum on leaves, the rate of population increase significantly decreased with increasing aphid density.  

scholarly journals Abundance of cereal aphids (Hemiptera: Aphididae) within wild Triticum and Aegi­lops spp., and cultivated wheat

1999 ◽  
Vol 35 (No. 2) ◽  
pp. 67-70
Author(s):  
H. Havlíčková ◽  
V. Holubec
Keyword(s):  
Rhopalosiphum Padi ◽  
Significant Negative Correlation ◽  
Aphid Species ◽  
Gene Bank ◽  
Cereal Aphids ◽  
Aegilops Species ◽  
Cereal Aphid ◽  
Metopolophium Dirhodum ◽  
Triticum Species ◽  
The Individual

Accessions of the wild Triticum species: T. boeticum, T. dicoccoides, T. urartu, and the Aegilops species:  Ae. columnaris, Ae. geniculata, Ae. markgrafii, Ae. neglecta and Ae. triuncialis in the collection of the Gene Bank of RICP Prague-Ruzyně, with T.  aestivum cv. Sandra as control, were evaluated for cereal aphid occurrence in the open during 1995–1998 period. The cereal aphid species Rhopalosiphum  padi (RP), Metopolophium dirhodum (MD) and Sitobion avenae (SA) were predominant on the plants. Variations in the abundance of individual aphid species in each year were found. The results from 1997, the optimal year for aphid occurrence, showed differences between both aphid and plant species. RP significantly dominated in Triticum species, while SA preferred Aegilops accessions. A significant negative correlation was found between RP and MD densities in the Triti­ cum spp., while MD and SA occurrence showed a negative relation to that of RP and SA in the Aegilops accessions. The individual aphid species showed a similar pattern of infestation in several genomically close accessions.

scholarly journals Plum Pox in North America: Identification of Aphid Vectors and a Potential Role for Fruit in Virus Spread

2004 ◽  
Vol 94 (8) ◽  
pp. 868-874 ◽  
Author(s):  
Frederick Gildow ◽  
Vern Damsteegt ◽  
Andrew Stone ◽  
William Schneider ◽  
Douglas Luster ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Myzus Persicae ◽  
Acyrthosiphon Pisum ◽  
Rhopalosiphum Padi ◽  
Aphid Species ◽  
Aphis Fabae ◽  
Macrosiphum Euphorbiae ◽  
Plum Pox Virus ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Metopolophium Dirhodum ◽  
Aphid Vectors

Thirteen aphid species were tested for their ability to transmit Pennsylvania isolates of Plum pox virus (PPV) collected in Columbia (PENN-3), Franklin (PENN-4), and York (PENN-7) Counties, PA. Four species, Aphis fabae, A. spiraecola, Brachycaudus persicae, and Myzus persicae, consistently transmitted PPV in preliminary transmission tests. Two species, Metopolophium dirhodum and Rhopalosiphum padi, were occasional inefficient vectors. Toxoptera citricida, from Florida, also was an effective vector but it does not occur in major stone-fruit-growing states. Species not transmitting PPV in parallel tests included Acyrthosiphon pisum, Aphis glycines, Aulacorthum solani, Macrosiphum euphorbiae, Rhopalosiphum maidis, and Sitobion avenae. When given a 3-day probing access period simultaneously on PPV-infected peach seedlings and healthy peach seedlings, Myzus persicae, Aphis spiraecola, A. fabae, and B. persicae transmitted PPV to 63, 31, 38, and 32% of the healthy peach seedlings, respectively. When given a similar probing period on PPV-infected peach fruit and healthy peach seedlings, the same aphid species transmitted PPV to 50, 35, 0, and 0% of seedlings, respectively. Results support the hypothesis of secondary PPV spread by indigenous aphids in Pennsylvania, and suggest that PPV-infected fruit has the potential to function as a virus source for long-distance dispersal.

Electrophoretic study of enzymes from cereal aphid populations. I. Electrophoretic techniques and staining systems for characterising isoenzymes from six species of cereal aphids (Hemiptera: Aphididae)

1983 ◽  
Vol 73 (4) ◽  
pp. 645-657 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. D. Loxdale ◽  
P. Castañera ◽  
C. P. Brookes
Keyword(s):  
Rhopalosiphum Padi ◽  
Aphid Species ◽  
Individual Species ◽  
Cereal Aphids ◽  
Cereal Aphid ◽  
Metopolophium Dirhodum ◽  
Electrophoretic Study ◽  
Banding Patterns ◽  
Glycerophosphate Dehydrogenase ◽  
Electrophoretic Techniques

AbstractOne–dimensional slab polyacrylamide gel electrophoretic techniques, staining systems and isoenzyme banding patterns for 14 soluble enzymes separated from crude homogenates of individuals of six species of cereal aphids (Sitobion avenae (F.), S. fragariae (Wlk.), Metopolophium dirhodum (Wlk.), M. festucae (Theo.), Rhopalosiphum padi (L.) and R. maidis (Fitch)) are described. The value of the techniques and banding patterns to taxonomic and population genetic studies of these and other aphid species are briefly discussed. With the six species, it was possible to separate the different genera as well as individual species within genera. The enzymes found to be most useful for inter–generic and/or -specific separations were adenylate kinase (AK), esterase (EST), glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G-6-PDH), hexokinase (HK), malate dehydrogenase (MDH), peptidase (PEP), phosphatase (PHOS), phosphoglucomutase (PMG), 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase (6-PGD) and sorbitol dehydrogenase (SORDH), whilst glutamate oxaloacetate transaminase (GOT), α-glycerophosphate dehydrogenase (α-GPD), malic enzyme (ME) and peroxidase (POD) were of relatively little taxonomic use. There were no banding pattern differences between the various morphs of S. avenae (first to fourth-instar nymphs, apterous and alate adults using the 14 enzymes.

Studies of elemental composition as a biological marker in insects. II. The elemental composition of apterae of Rhopalosiphum padi (L.) and Metopolophium dirhodum (Walker) (Hemiptera: Aphididae) from different soils and host-plants

1985 ◽  
Vol 75 (1) ◽  
pp. 107-120 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Bowden ◽  
P. L. Sherlock ◽  
P. G. N. Digby ◽  
J. S. Fox ◽  
J. A. Rhodes
Keyword(s):  
Elemental Composition ◽  
Principal Components ◽  
Host Plants ◽  
Rhopalosiphum Padi ◽  
Biological Marker ◽  
Aphid Species ◽  
Elemental Content ◽  
Metopolophium Dirhodum ◽  
Plant Soil ◽  
Cu And Zn

AbstractEnergy-dispersive X-ray spectrometry was used to make quantitative determinations of the elemental composition of plasma-ashed apterous individuals of Rhopalosiphum padi (L.) and Metopolophium dirhodum (Walker). R. padi was reared on 24 plant–soil combinations and M. dirhodum on nine plant-soil combinations. Analyses were done for 12 elements: Na, Mg, Al, P, S, Cl, K, Ca, Mn, Fe, Cu and Zn. Principal components analyses of individuals showed no distinction, in either aphid species, between insects reared on any plant–soil combination, whether all elements, elemental sub-sets, soil sub-sets or host-plant sub-sets were considered. When group means (mean for all individuals from a particular plant-soil combination) were used in principal components analyses, five groups of R. padi could be distinguished from the other 19, although neither set could be further separated. Four of the five distinguishable groups were from plants that grew particularly poorly, and the fifth was from plants in a soil in which all host-plants grew less well than in other soils. There were no distinct separations between groups of M. dirhodum, though there were slight indications that soils were distinguishable. In both R. padi and M. dirhodum, elemental differences involved the minor elements, particularly Mn, Fe, Cu and Zn. The uniformity of elemental content in the apterae of both aphid species may be a consequence of genetic uniformity within clones of parthenogenetically reproducing species.

scholarly journals Field-Evolved Sulfoxaflor Resistance of Three Wheat Aphid Species in China

Agronomy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (11) ◽  
pp. 2325
Author(s):  
Xinan Li ◽  
Chao Wang ◽  
Qiuchi Li ◽  
Saige Zhu ◽  
Xujun Tian ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Insecticide Resistance ◽  
Rhopalosiphum Padi ◽  
Aphid Species ◽  
Metopolophium Dirhodum ◽  
Resistance Development ◽  
New Class ◽  
Sap Feeding ◽  
Moderately Resistant

Sulfoxaflor belongs to a new class of insecticides which are effective against many sap-feeding pests. Sitobion miscanthi, Rhopalosiphum padi, and Metopolophium dirhodum are the predominant pests coexisting on wheat plants. It is unknown whether these aphid species have developed resistance to sulfoxaflor. Here, the susceptibilities of three wheat aphid species from different regions of China to sulfoxaflor were evaluated. The results showed that two S. miscanthi, one R. padi, and two M. dirhodum field populations were highly resistant to sulfoxaflor. Additionally, 13 S. miscanthi, 9 R. padi, and 4 M. dirhodum field populations were moderately resistant to sulfoxaflor. Analysis of differences in toxicity showed that the susceptibility levels of R. padi in 9 of 20 regions, M. dirhodum in 5 of 9 regions, and M. dirhodum in 3 of 9 regions to sulfoxaflor were greater than those of S. miscanthi, S. miscanthi, and R. padi in the same regions, respectively. Thus, each wheat aphid species has field populations that are highly sulfoxaflor resistant. The R. padi and M. dirhodum populations were more susceptible to sulfoxaflor than those of S. miscanthi. These findings provide new insights into insecticide resistance development and rational sulfoxaflor use.

Annual variation in strains of barley yellow dwarf virus in Manitoba, and the occurrence of greenbug-specific isolates

1969 ◽  
Vol 47 (8) ◽  
pp. 1277-1283 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. C. Gill
Keyword(s):  
Annual Variation ◽  
Barley Yellow Dwarf Virus ◽  
Rhopalosiphum Padi ◽  
Schizaphis Graminum ◽  
Yellow Dwarf ◽  
Dwarf Virus ◽  
Barley Yellow Dwarf ◽  
Efficient Vector ◽  
Yellow Dwarf Virus ◽  
High Degree

Seventeen isolates of the aphid-borne barley yellow dwarf virus (BYDV), collected in southern Manitoba in 1966, were transmitted from oats to oats most efficiently by Rhopalosiphum padi. They were transmitted also by Macrosiphum avenae and all but two were transmitted by Schizaphis graminum and Acyrthosiphon dirhodum. Most of these isolates were not transmitted by R. maidis.Only 3 of 25 isolates collected in 1967 were transmitted by the five species of aphids in a pattern similar to that of the isolates collected in 1966. Twenty of the remainder were transmitted with a moderate to high degree of specificity by R. maidis, R. padi, or S. graminum. Two of the latter isolates were transmitted only by S. graminum. When the transmissibility of one of the isolates, for which S. graminum was the most efficient vector, was examined more critically, both the relative and the specific efficiency of the three vectors varied with the age of the infection in the source plants, though S. graminum was always the most efficient vector.

Trophic interactions between three species of cereal aphid (Hemiptera: Aphididae) and spring wheat (Poaceae): implications for pest management

2007 ◽  
Vol 139 (6) ◽  
pp. 850-863 ◽  
Author(s):  
Samuel M. Migui ◽  
Robert J. Lamb
Keyword(s):  
Spring Wheat ◽  
Trophic Interactions ◽  
Plant Biomass ◽  
Rhopalosiphum Padi ◽  
Aphid Species ◽  
Economic Damage ◽  
Cereal Aphids ◽  
Cereal Aphid ◽  
Economic Thresholds ◽  
Specific Impact

AbstractThe susceptibilities of genetically diverse Canadian spring wheats, Triticum aestivum L. and Triticum durum Desf., to three aphid species, Rhopalosiphum padi (L.), Sitobion avenae (Fabricius), and Schizaphis graminum (Rondani), were investigated. Trophic interactions measured as changes in biomass of aphids and wheat plants were used to quantify levels of resistance, components of resistance, and impact of aphids on yield. Plants in field cages were infested with small numbers of aphids for 21 days at heading. These plants were usually more suitable for the development of S. avenae and S. graminum than of R. padi. Partial resistance, measured as seed production by infested plants as a proportion of that by a control, varied from 11% to 59% for different aphid species and wheat classes when all wheat plants were infested at the same stage. Cultivars within wheat classes responded similarly to each of the aphid species. None of the wheat cultivars showed agriculturally effective levels of antibiosis. The specific impact of each aphid species and wheat class varied from 5 to 15 mg of plant biomass lost for each milligram of biomass gained by the aphids. Canadian Western Red Spring wheat had a lower specific impact and therefore was more tolerant to aphids than the other two classes, but not tolerant enough to avoid economic damage at the aphid densities observed. Plants did not compensate for feeding damage after aphid feeding ceased, based on the higher specific impacts observed for mature plants than for plants that were heading. The interactions between aphids and plants show that current economic thresholds probably underestimate the damage caused by cereal aphids to Canadian spring wheat.

Activities of detoxifying enzymes in adults of houseflies Musca domestica L. selected with chlorfenapyr

Biomics ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 492-503
Author(s):  
E.A. Silivanova ◽  
P.A. Shumilova ◽  
M.A. Levchenko
Keyword(s):  
Alkaline Phosphatase ◽  
Insecticide Resistance ◽  
Musca Domestica ◽  
Glutathione S Transferase ◽  
Detoxifying Enzymes ◽  
Resistance Development ◽  
Phosphatase Activities ◽  
Biochemical Mechanisms ◽  
Males And Females

In insects, biochemical mechanisms of insecticide resistance base on increasing of activities of main detoxyfying enzymes – monooxygenases, nonspesific esterases, and glutathion-S-transferases. Currently, the progress of resistance development and the degree of contributing enzymes to resistance in insects have been studied for certain insecticides. The goal of this study was to assess activities of monooxygenase, carboxylesterase, glutathione-S-transferase, and alkaline phosphatase in females and males housefly Musca domestica in the second, fourth, sixth, eighth and tenth generations of the chlorfenapyr-selected strain. Evaluation of chlorfenapyr susceptibility showed that adults M. domestica in tenth generations was tolerating to chlorfenapyr as the resistance ration value was 3.6. In certain generations of chlorfenapyr-selected strain M. domestica, monooxygenase activities in males and females were 1.4-2.1 times more, and alkaline phosphatase activities in females were 2.3-2.7 times more than that in control insects. Glutathione-S-transferase activities had no significant differences in adults M. domestica of control and chlorfenapyr-selected strains. For chlorfenapyr-selected strain M. domestica, activities of monooxygenase, carboxylesterase, and alkaline phosphatase differed in males and females of same generations that suggests that mode and pattern of resistance development might be sex-specific in this specie.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document