scholarly journals Classification of Fibrillation Organisation Using Electrocardiograms to Guide Mechanism-Directed Treatments

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xinyang Li ◽  
Xili Shi ◽  
Balvinder S. Handa ◽  
Arunashis Sau ◽  
Bowen Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Single Channel ◽  
Treatment Strategies ◽  
Heart Rhythm ◽  
Linear Discriminant ◽  
Classification Framework ◽  
Heart Rhythm Disorders ◽  
Underlying Mechanisms ◽  
Leave One Out ◽  
Linear Discriminant Analysis Classifier

Background: Atrial fibrillation (AF) and ventricular fibrillation (VF) are complex heart rhythm disorders and may be sustained by distinct electrophysiological mechanisms. Disorganised self-perpetuating multiple-wavelets and organised rotational drivers (RDs) localising to specific areas are both possible mechanisms by which fibrillation is sustained. Determining the underlying mechanisms of fibrillation may be helpful in tailoring treatment strategies. We investigated whether global fibrillation organisation, a surrogate for fibrillation mechanism, can be determined from electrocardiograms (ECGs) using band-power (BP) feature analysis and machine learning.Methods: In this study, we proposed a novel ECG classification framework to differentiate fibrillation organisation levels. BP features were derived from surface ECGs and fed to a linear discriminant analysis classifier to predict fibrillation organisation level. Two datasets, single-channel ECGs of rat VF (n = 9) and 12-lead ECGs of human AF (n = 17), were used for model evaluation in a leave-one-out (LOO) manner.Results: The proposed method correctly predicted the organisation level from rat VF ECG with the sensitivity of 75%, specificity of 80%, and accuracy of 78%, and from clinical AF ECG with the sensitivity of 80%, specificity of 92%, and accuracy of 88%.Conclusion: Our proposed method can distinguish between AF/VF of different global organisation levels non-invasively from the ECG alone. This may aid in patient selection and guiding mechanism-directed tailored treatment strategies.

scholarly journals Rapid Identification of COVID-19 Severity in CT Scans through Classification of Deep Features

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zekuan Yu ◽  
Xiaohu Li ◽  
Haitao Sun ◽  
Jian Wang ◽  
Tongtong Zhao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cross Validation ◽  
Rapid Identification ◽  
Ct Scans ◽  
Accurate Identification ◽  
Linear Discriminant ◽  
Holdout Validation ◽  
Novel Coronavirus ◽  
Leave One Out ◽  
Fold Cross Validation

Abstract Background: To implement the real-time diagnosis of the severity of patients infected with novel coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) and guide the follow-up therapeutic treatment, We collected chest CT scans of 202 patients diagnosed with the COVID-19 from three hospitals in Anhui Province, China.Methods: A total of 729 2D axial plan slices with 246 severe cases and 483 non-severe cases were employed in this study. Four pre-trained deep models (Inception-V3, ResNet-50, ResNet-101, DenseNet-201) with multiple classifiers (linear discriminant, linear SVM, cubic SVM, KNN and Adaboost decision tree) were applied to identify the severe and non-severe COVID-19 cases. Three validation strategies (holdout validation, 10-fold cross-validation and leave-one-out) are employed to validate the feasibility of proposed pipelines. Results and conclusion: The experimental results demonstrate that classification of the features from pre-trained deep models show the promising application in COVID-19 screening whereas the DenseNet-201 with cubic SVM model achieved the best performance. Specifically, it achieved the highest severity classification accuracy of 95.20% and 95.34% for 10-fold cross-validation and leave-one-out, respectively. The established pipeline was able to achieve a rapid and accurate identification of the severity of COVID-19. This may assist the physicians to make more efficient and reliable decisions.

scholarly journals CHRONIC KIDNEY DISEASE AND ARRHYTHMIAS: CONCLUSIONS FROM A KIDNEY DISEASE: IMPROVING GLOBAL OUTCOMES (KDIGO) CONTROVERSIES CONFERENCE

2019 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 18-40
Author(s):  
Peter J. Blankestijn ◽  
Juan-Jesus Carrero ◽  
Catherine M. Clase ◽  
Rajat Deo ◽  
Charles A. Herzog ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Kidney Disease ◽  
Kidney Disease ◽  
Ventricular Arrhythmias ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
Treatment Strategies ◽  
Heart Rhythm ◽  
Heart Rhythm Disorders ◽  
Key Issues ◽  
End Stage ◽  
Supraventricular Tachycardias

Patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) are predisposed to heart rhythm disorders, including atrial fibrillation (AF)/atrial flutter, supraventricular tachycardias, ventricular arrhythmias, and sudden cardiac death (SCD). While treatment options, including drug, device, and procedural therapies, are available, their use in the setting of CKD is complex and limited. Patients with CKD and end-stage kidney disease have historically been under-represented or excluded from randomized trials of arrhythmia treatment strategies, 1 although this situation is changing. Cardiovascular society consensus documents have recently identified evidence gaps for treating patients with CKD and heart rhythm disorders. To identify key issues relevant to the optimal prevention, management, and treatment of arrhythmias and their complications in patients with kidney disease, Kidney Disease: Improving Global Outcomes (KDIGO) convened an international, multidisciplinary Controversies Conference in Berlin, Germany, titled CKD and Arrhythmias in October 2016.

scholarly journals Obstructive sleep apnea and heart rhythm disorders: current state of the problem

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 40-48
Author(s):  
E. I. Yaroslavskaya ◽  
K. V. Aksenova ◽  
V. E. Kharats ◽  
O. I. Sergejchik
Keyword(s):  
Obstructive Sleep Apnea ◽  
Sleep Apnea ◽  
Obstructive Sleep Apnea Syndrome ◽  
Cardiac Arrhythmias ◽  
Sleep Apnea Syndrome ◽  
Treatment Strategies ◽  
Heart Rhythm ◽  
Obstructive Sleep ◽  
Heart Rhythm Disorders ◽  
Apnea Syndrome

The factors contributing to the development of cardiac arrhythmias in obstructive sleep apnea syndrome and the main methods of treating this syndrome have been analyzed and summarized.The review discusses the relationships of obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS) with various types of heart rhythm disorders. Pathogenetic factors of obstructive sleep apnea syndrome leading to the development of cardiac arrhythmias, current treatment strategies and their impact on heart rhythm disorders are summarized.

Momen Ortogon Legendre sebagai Suatu Fitur untuk Pengecaman Kedudukan Penumpang

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Choong Yeun Liong ◽  
Nor Azura Md. Ghani ◽  
Abdul Aziz Jemain ◽  
Chris Thompson
Keyword(s):  
Discriminant Analysis ◽  
Linear Discriminant Analysis ◽  
Cross Validation ◽  
Research Work ◽  
The United States ◽  
Highway Safety ◽  
Linear Discriminant ◽  
Segmented Images ◽  
Leave One Out

Makalah ini membincangkan penggunaan momen ortogon Legendre (MOL) sebagai suatu fitur untuk pengelasan imej kedudukan penumpang yang tersegmen-sempurna. Keupayaan mengenal pasti kedudukan penumpang dalam kenderaan adalah penting misalnya sebagai input kepada suatu sistem kereta pintar yang dapat memberikan maklumat untuk pelepasan beg udara keselamatannya. Hasil kajian oleh Insurance Institute for Highway Safety di Amerika Syarikat telah menunjukkan bahawa kedudukan relatif seseorang penumpang itu kepada beg udara adalah penting demi keselamatannya. Lantaran itu kajian ini adalah suatu usaha ke arah menghasilkan satu sistem untuk pengecaman kedudukan penumpang dalam kereta. Sebanyak 1283 imej daripada sepuluh kelas kedudukan penumpang yang telah disegmen-sempurna secara manual diguna dalam kajian ini dan sembilan fitur MOL telah dijana untuk setiap imej menggunakan atur cara C++. Fitur-fitur itu seterusnya telah dimasukkan ke dalam pakej SPSS dan kajian pengelasan telah dijalankan menggunakan analisis diskriminan linear Fisher. Analisis diskriminan linear Fisher digunakan untuk memperlihatkan kepentingan dan perbezaan yang timbul di antara fitur-fitur yang diguna ke arah menerangkan kedudukan-kedudukan penumpang tersebut. Pengelasan data telah dijalankan menggunakan kaedah pengesahan-silang (pengelasan keluarkan-satu) untuk memaksimumkan penyelidikan ke atas data yang ada. Kaedah ini membolehkan kesemua data yang ada diguna untuk latihan, dan juga dalam pengesahan, di samping masih tetap menghasilkan suatu anggaran tak-bersandar akan keupayaan pengelas secara teritlak. Hasil pengelasan yang diperoleh menunjukkan bahawa kesemua kedudukan penumpang telah dikelaskan ke dalam kelas yang sepatutnya dengan kadar kejayaan 100%. Oleh itu kesimpulannya, imej yang tersegmen-sempurna itu telah didiskriminan dengan sempurna ke dalam kelas yang sepatutnya dan ini menyokong MOL sebagai suatu fitur yang boleh digunakan untuk pengecaman kedudukan penumpang yang dikaji. Kata kunci: Momen ortogon Legendre, kelas kedudukan penumpang, tersegmen–sempurna, analisis diskriminan linear Fisher In this article, the application of Legendre orthogonal moment (LOM) for the classification of perfectly hand-segmented passenger position images is discussed. The ability to identify the passenger position in a car is important for instance as an input to a smart car’s system for the deployment of its safety airbag. Reseach reports by the Insurance Institute for Highway Safety in the United States have shown that the relative position of a passenger to the airbag is important to his/her safety. Hence this research work is towards developing a system for passenger position recognition in a car. A total of 1283 images of ten passenger position classes that have been perfectly segmented by hand were used in this work, and nine LOM features have been generated for each image by using a C++ program. The features were then fed into the SPSS package for classification by using Fisher’s linear discriminant analysis. Fisher’s linear discriminant analysis was used to show the importance and the differences among the features used toward describing the passenger positions. Data classification has been performed by using cross-validation (leave-one-out classification) in order to maximise the investigation on the data available. This method enables all of the available data to be utilised for training, as well as for validation, while still generating an independent estimate of the classifier generalisation capability. The classification results produced showed that the various passenger classes have been classified into the respective classes with a 100% success rate. Therefore, it can be concluded that the perfectly segmented images has been well discriminated into the respectively classes and this supports LOM as a potential feature for the recognition of the passenger positions investigated. Kata kunci: Momen ortogon Legendre, kelas kedudukan penumpang, tersegmen–sempurna, analisis diskriminan linear Fisher

scholarly journals Atrial Flutter: up‐to‐date Problem Evaluation with Clinical Positions

Kardiologiia ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 60 (1) ◽  
pp. 70-80
Author(s):  
K. V. Potapova ◽  
V. P. Nosov ◽  
L. Y. Koroleva ◽  
N. V. Amineva
Keyword(s):  
Atrial Fibrillation ◽  
Early Diagnosis ◽  
Sinus Rhythm ◽  
Atrial Flutter ◽  
Heart Rhythm ◽  
Comparative Aspect ◽  
Heart Rhythm Disorders ◽  
Potential Risks ◽  
Surgical Treatments

The review provides current ideas about the etiology and prevalence of atrial flutter (AF), mechanism and substrate of arrhythmogenesis, and principles of clinical and electrophysiological classification of this arrhythmia. Methods for conservative and surgical treatments of AF, including their comparative aspect, are described in detail. The review presented recent data on efficacy and potential risks of different approaches to reversing the arrhythmia. The authors indicated a need for early diagnosis and strict control of the sinus rhythm in AF, which would help a successful intervention not only to completely cure the existing arrhythmia but also to prevent other heart rhythm disorders, primarily atrial fibrillation.

Clinical and Morphological Features of Myocardial Damage and the Course of Fulminant Myocarditis on the Background of СOVID-19, Diagnosis and Treatment Tactics

2020 ◽  
Vol 75 (5S) ◽  
pp. 414-425
Author(s):  
Olga S. Oynotkinova ◽  
Evgenii L. Nikonov ◽  
Oleg V. Zayratyants ◽  
Elena V. Rzhevskaya ◽  
Evgenii V. Krukov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Myocardial Dysfunction ◽  
Myocardial Damage ◽  
Heart Rhythm ◽  
Microvascular Dysfunction ◽  
Symptomatic Treatment ◽  
Clinical Situation ◽  
Diagnosis And Treatment ◽  
Screening Tests ◽  
Fulminant Myocarditis ◽  
Heart Rhythm Disorders

In a review article based on my own clinical experience of managing patients with acute myocardial injury and fulminant myocarditis, taking into account expert recommendations on the clinical treatment of myocardial damage associated with novel coronavirus infection a National clinical geriatric medical research center, division of cardiovascular diseases, the Chinese geriatrics society, Department of cardiology, Beijing Medical Association and European clinics discusses the pathogenesis, diagnosis and treatment of myocardial damage and FM patients, infected with SARS-CoV-2 in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic. Clinical features and diagnostic criteria are presented, including screening tests of markers of myocardial damage in the form of a highly sensitive troponin test, a natriuretic peptide. The article discusses in detail the pathogenesis and mechanisms of myocardial damage, including immune mechanisms, cytokine storm, systemic inflammation with macro- and microvascular dysfunction and the development of myocardial dysfunction with acute heart failure, hypotension, cardiogenic shock and/or life-threatening heart rhythm disorders caused by hypoxia and metabolic disorders at the cellular level. Features of the clinical course of fulminant myocarditis in infected patients (SARS-CoV-2) in the conditions of the COVID-19 pandemic are presented. For the first time, a detailed histo-morphological analysis of pathological myocardial injuries and complications is presented on the basis of unique autopsy material on post-mortem diagnostics of various pathoanatomic autopsies of those who died from COVID-19 in Moscow. Based on the clinical, functional and morphological material, the Protocol of etiopathogenetic treatment is presented. The basis of standard therapy is considered antiviral drugs, immunoglobulin G, the use of monoclonal antibodies to interleukin-6, anticoagulants, glucocorticoids, depending on the clinical situation, cardioprotectors and symptomatic treatment are recommended to maintain the heart, which in combination can achieve a certain clinical effectiveness. As adjuvant cardioprotective targeted therapy, the sodium salt of phosphocreatine is considered in order to preserve the myocardium, maintain its contractility and vital activity.

Targeting Tumour Metastasis: The Emerging Role of Nanotechnology

2020 ◽  
Vol 27 (8) ◽  
pp. 1367-1381 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarah Visentin ◽  
Mirela Sedić ◽  
Sandra Kraljević Pavelić ◽  
Krešimir Pavelić
Keyword(s):  
Cancer Progression ◽  
Metastatic Cancer ◽  
Treatment Strategies ◽  
Metastatic Progression ◽  
Therapeutic Concept ◽  
Molecular Alterations ◽  
Tumour Metastasis ◽  
Metastatic Cells ◽  
Metastatic Process ◽  
Underlying Mechanisms

The metastatic process has still not been completely elucidated, probably due to insufficient knowledge of the underlying mechanisms. Here, we provide an overview of the current findings that shed light on specific molecular alterations associated with metastasis and present novel concepts in the treatment of the metastatic process. In particular, we discuss novel pharmacological approaches in the clinical setting that target metastatic progression. New insights into the process of metastasis allow optimisation and design of new treatment strategies, especially in view of the fact that metastatic cells share common features with stem cells. Nano- and micro-technologies are herein elaborated in details as a promising therapeutic concept in targeted drug delivery for metastatic cancer. Progression in the field could provide a more efficient way to tackle metastasis and thus bring about advancements in the treatment and management of patients with advanced cancer.

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