scholarly journals An Endophytic Trichoderma Strain Promotes Growth of Its Hosts and Defends Against Pathogen Attack

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yu-Heng Tseng ◽  
Hamid Rouina ◽  
Karin Groten ◽  
Pijakala Rajani ◽  
Alexandra C. U. Furch ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pathogenic Fungus ◽  
Alternaria Brassicicola ◽  
Plant Performance ◽  
Nicotiana Attenuata ◽  
Initial Growth ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Leucas Aspera ◽  
Deciduous Wood ◽  
Agricultural Applications ◽  
Multilocus Phylogeny

Plants host numerous endophytic microbes which promote plant performance, in particular under stress. A new endophytic fungus was isolated from the leaves of a deciduous wood tree Leucas aspera. Morphological inspection and multilocus phylogeny identified the fungus as a new Trichoderma strain. If applied to Arabidopsis thaliana and Nicotiana attenuata, it mainly colonizes their roots and strongly promotes initial growth of the plants on soil. The fungus grows on high NaCl or mannitol concentrations, and shows predatory capability on the pathogenic fungus Alternaria brassicicola. Colonized Arabidopsis plants tolerate higher salt stress and show lower A. brassicicola spread in roots and shoots, while arbuscular mycorrhiza formation in N. attenuata is not affected by the Trichoderma strain. These beneficial features of the novel Trichoderma strain are important prerequisites for agricultural applications.

scholarly journals Effects of the Novel Fungicide Benzothiostrobin on Sclerotinia sclerotiorum in the Laboratory and on Sclerotinia Stem Rot in Rape Fields

Plant Disease ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 99 (7) ◽  
pp. 969-975 ◽  
Author(s):  
Congying Xu ◽  
Xiaoyu Liang ◽  
Yiping Hou ◽  
Mingguo Zhou
Keyword(s):  
Sclerotinia Sclerotiorum ◽  
Pathogenic Fungus ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Stem Rot ◽  
Cross Resistance ◽  
Synergistic Activity ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Sclerotinia Stem Rot ◽  
Sclerotial Germination

We determined the effects and efficacy of benzothiostrobin, a new strobilurin-derived fungicide, against the plant-pathogenic fungus Sclerotinia sclerotiorum (the causal agent of Sclerotinia stem rot). Mycelial growth and sclerotial germination in vitro were strongly inhibited by benzothiostrobin in the presence of salicylhydroxamic acid. On detached rapeseed leaves, benzothiostrobin at 40 μg/ml reduced lesion development by 87%. No cross-resistance was detected between benzothiostrobin and carbendazim, iprodione, fludioxonil, or boscalid. A formulated mixture of benzothiostrobin and fluazinam at 1:1 had synergistic activity against S. sclerotiorum in vitro. In field trials, benzothiostrobin alone or formulated with fluazinam at 1:1 (150 g a.i. ha−1) was significantly (P < 0.05) superior to iprodione in controlling Sclerotinia stem rot of rapeseed. These results suggest that benzothiostrobin has substantial potential for the control of Sclerotinia stem rot.

Novel Coal-Steam Gasification With a Thermochemical Regenerative Process for Power Generation

2018 ◽  
Vol 140 (9) ◽  
Author(s):  
Dandan Wang ◽  
Sheng Li ◽  
Lin Gao ◽  
Handong Wu ◽  
Hongguang Jin
Keyword(s):  
Energy Level ◽  
Coal Gasification ◽  
Combined Cycle ◽  
Steam Gasification ◽  
Energy Utilization ◽  
Plant Performance ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Sensible Heat ◽  
Exergy Destruction ◽  
Separation Unit

In this paper, a novel high-efficiency coal gasification technology is proposed in which a regenerative unit is applied to recover syngas sensible heat to generate steam; then, the high-temperature steam is used to gasify coke from a pyrolyzer. Through such a thermochemical regenerative unit, the sensible heat with a lower energy level is upgraded into syngas chemical energy with a higher energy level; therefore, high cold gas efficiency (CGE) is expected from the proposed system. aspenplus software is selected to simulate the novel coal gasification system, and the key parameters are validated by experimentation. Then energy, exergy, and energy-utilization diagram (EUD) analyses are applied to disclose the plant performance enhancement mechanism. It is revealed that 83.2% of syngas sensible heat can be recovered into steam agent with the CGE upgraded to 90%. In addition, with the enhancement of CGE, the efficiency of an integrated gasification combined cycle (IGCC) based on the novel gasification system can be as high as 51.82%, showing a significant improvement compared to 45.2% in the general electric company (GE) gasification-based plant. In the meantime, the irreversible destruction of the gasification procedure is reduced to 25.7% through thermochemical reactions. The increase in the accepted energy level (Aea) and the decreases in the released energy level (Aed) and heat absorption (ΔH) contribute to the reduction in exergy destruction in the gasification process. Additionally, since the oxygen agent is no longer used in the IGCC, 34.5 MW exergy destruction in the air separation unit (ASU) is avoided.

scholarly journals Quantifying the efficiency of photoprotection

2017 ◽  
Vol 372 (1730) ◽  
pp. 20160393 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexander V. Ruban
Keyword(s):  
Protein Biosynthesis ◽  
Pulse Amplitude ◽  
Crop Productivity ◽  
Emerging Technology ◽  
Plant Performance ◽  
Artificial Light ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Light Conditions ◽  
The Past ◽  
Modulated Chlorophyll Fluorescence

A novel emerging technology for the assessment of the photoprotective ‘power’ of non-photochemical fluorescence quenching (NPQ) has been reviewed and its insightful outcomes are explained using several examples. The principles of the method are described in detail as well as the work undertaken for its justification. This pulse amplitude modulated chlorophyll fluorescence approach has been applied for the past 5 years to quantify the photoprotective effectiveness of the NPQ and the light tolerance in Arabidopsis plants grown under various light conditions, during ontogenetic development as well as in a range of mutants impaired in carotenoid and protein biosynthesis. The future applications of this approach for the assessment of crop plant light tolerance are outlined. The perspective of obtaining detailed information about how the extent of photoinhibition and photoprotection can affect plant development, growth and productivity is highlighted, including the potential for us to predict the influence of environmental elements on plant performance and yield of crops. The novel methodology can be used to build up comprehensive light tolerance databases for various current and emerging varieties of crops that are grown outdoors as well as in artificial light environments, in order to optimize for the best environmental conditions that enable high crop productivity. This article is part of the themed issue ‘Enhancing photosynthesis in crop plants: targets for improvement’.

Structural and functional design of WWTP operation decision support system with a case study

2006 ◽  
Vol 53 (1) ◽  
pp. 241-250 ◽  
Author(s):  
L.J. Xu ◽  
H.C. Shi ◽  
X.Y. Ke
Keyword(s):  
Decision Support ◽  
Expert System ◽  
Decision Support System ◽  
Support System ◽  
Training System ◽  
Plant Performance ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Novel Structure ◽  
And Training

This paper developes the WWTP operation decision support system (ODSS) to simulate the dynamic behavior of the WWTP treatment process based on ASMs (activated sludge models) and WWTP experiential knowledge. The novel structure and functions of ODSS can offer more flexible and general instructions to the WWTP operations. The three independent sub-systems, namely expert system, simulation system and training system, can cooperate to achieve many more functions such as operation alert, fault diagnosis, process simulation and so forth. The expert system based on the dynamic simulation, an essential part of WWTP ODSS, has been proved to be feasible and effective by the implementation at Fang Zhuang WWTP. Our results indicated that the WWTP ODSS has significant potential for improving plant performance and reducing treatment costs by assisting the operators at the decision-making level.

scholarly journals New Putative Long Non-Coding RNAs (lncRNA) Revealed by Pan-Transcriptome of the Emerging Human Pathogenic Fungus Talaromyces Marneffei

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Aciole Barbosa ◽  
Alexandre Santos Simeone ◽  
Ana Carolina Humberto ◽  
Yara Natercia Lima Faustino de Maria ◽  
Regina Costa de Oliveira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Transcriptome Assembly ◽  
Pathogenic Fungus ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Talaromyces Marneffei ◽  
Expression Control ◽  
Gene Expression Control ◽  
Human Pathogenic Fungus ◽  
Non Coding Rnas

Abstract Previous genomic/transcriptomic analyses of Talaromyces marneffei (TM) unravelled relevant pathogenicity-related elements, as well as chromosomal regions potentially involved with the production of non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs), which have been parsimoniously reported in fungi. This manuscript describes a comprehensive pan-transcriptome assembly for TM that identifies a series of previously undetected genetic elements in this emerging pathogenic fungus. Our results confirm that ~58.28% of the 9,480 genes currently annotated in the TM genome are, in fact, transcribed in vivo and that ~23.6% of them may display alternative isomorphs. Moreover, we identified 585 transcripts that do not match any gene currently mapped in the genome, represented by 90 coding transcripts and 140 ncRNAs, including 48 long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs). Overall, we expect that the novel elements described herein may contribute to improve the currently available Talaromyces databases and foster studies aiming at characterizing lncRNA-mediated gene expression control in fungi.

scholarly journals Role of membrane compartment occupied by Can1 (MCC) and eisosome subdomains in plant pathogenicity of the necrotrophic fungus Alternaria brassicicola

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Justine Colou ◽  
Guillaume Quang N’Guyen ◽  
Ophélie Dubreu ◽  
Kévin Fontaine ◽  
Anthony Kwasiborski ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Control Strategies ◽  
Pathogenic Fungus ◽  
Formation Rate ◽  
Alternaria Brassicicola ◽  
Membrane Microdomains ◽  
Plant Colonization ◽  
Membrane Function ◽  
Membrane Compartment ◽  
Specific Proteins

Abstract Background MCC/eisosomes are membrane microdomains that have been proposed to participate in the plasma membrane function in particular by regulating the homeostasis of lipids, promoting the recruitment of specific proteins and acting as provider of membrane reservoirs. Results Here we showed that several potential MCC/eisosomal protein encoding genes in the necrotrophic fungus A. brassicicola were overexpressed when germinated spores were exposed to antimicrobial defence compounds, osmotic and hydric stresses, which are major constraints encountered by the fungus during the plant colonization process. Mutants deficient for key MCC/eisosome components did not exhibit any enhanced susceptibility to phytoalexins and to applied stress conditions compared to the reference strain, except for a slight hypersensitivity of the ∆∆abpil1a-abpil1b strain to 2 M sorbitol. Depending on the considered mutants, we showed that the leaf and silique colonization processes were impaired by comparison to the wild-type, and assumed that these defects in aggressiveness were probably caused by a reduced appressorium formation rate. Conclusions This is the first study on the role of MCC/eisosomes in the pathogenic process of a plant pathogenic fungus. A link between these membrane domains and the fungus ability to form functional penetration structures was shown, providing new potential directions for plant disease control strategies.

scholarly journals Aminochelate fertilizers: the new approach to the old problem; a review

2016 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammad Kazem Souri
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Rapid Growth ◽  
Production Systems ◽  
Scientific Data ◽  
Environmental Risks ◽  
Plant Performance ◽  
The Novel ◽  
New Approach ◽  
Scientific Experiments ◽  
Agricultural Production Systems

AbstractAminochelate fertilizers are the latest novel- ties regarding plant nutrition in agricultural production systems. They are part of the modern formulae of fertiliz- ers which are synthesized based on various amino acids, mainly glycine. In recent years, they have had a rapid growth in the marketplace. Their rapid growth in formula- tions, manufacturing, diversity and application is mainly due to the novel understandings regarding diverse roles of amino acids in plant metabolism. Compared to routine fertilizers or other commercially synthetic chelators such as EDTA; however, aminochelates represent a safer and more efficient form of fertilizer, resulting in better plant performance and less environmental risks. Aminochelates represent effective fertilizers for both soil and particularly for foliar applications. Despite, aminochelates having quickly dominated the fertilizer markets in many coun- tries, there is not enough scientific data and information regarding detailed responses of crops to these types of fer- tilizers. This in part, may be due to their mixed composi- tion of several nutrient elements, giving various nutrients effects, meaning that conducting scientific experiments and concluding remarks, , would be very difficult. This review provides information concerning different aspect of aminochelate fertilizers including their history, struc- ture, types, value and effects on agricultural crops.

scholarly journals Development and Validation of Methodology for Estimating Potato Canopy Structure for Field Crop Phenotyping and Improved Breeding

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Filipe de Jesus Colwell ◽  
Jock Souter ◽  
Glenn J. Bryan ◽  
Lindsey J. Compton ◽  
Neil Boonham ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Association Studies ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Methodological Approach ◽  
Plant Performance ◽  
Initial Growth ◽  
Canopy Architecture ◽  
Canopy Development ◽  
Cloud Data ◽  
Canopy Volume

Traditional phenotyping techniques have long been a bottleneck in breeding programs and genotype- phenotype association studies in potato, as these methods are labor-intensive and time consuming. In addition, depending on the trait measured and metric adopted, they suffer from varying degrees of user bias and inaccuracy, and hence these challenges have effectively prevented the execution of large-scale population-based field studies. This is true not only for commercial traits (e.g., yield, tuber size, and shape), but also for traits strongly associated with plant performance (e.g., canopy development, canopy architecture, and growth rates). This study demonstrates how the use of point cloud data obtained from low-cost UAV imaging can be used to create 3D surface models of the plant canopy, from which detailed and accurate data on plant height and its distribution, canopy ground cover and canopy volume can be obtained over the growing season. Comparison of the canopy datasets at different temporal points enabled the identification of distinct patterns of canopy development, including different patterns of growth, plant lodging, maturity and senescence. Three varieties are presented as exemplars. Variety Nadine presented the growth pattern of an early maturing variety, showing rapid initial growth followed by rapid onset of senescence and plant death. Varieties Bonnie and Bounty presented the pattern of intermediate to late maturing varieties, with Bonnie also showing early canopy lodging. The methodological approach used in this study may alleviate one of the current bottlenecks in the study of plant development, paving the way for an expansion in the scale of future genotype-phenotype association studies.

Characterization of a novel single-stranded RNA virus, closely related to fusariviruses, infecting the plant pathogenic fungus Alternaria brassicicola

2016 ◽  
Vol 217 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jie Zhong ◽  
Hong Hong Shang ◽  
Chuan Xia Zhu ◽  
Jun Zi Zhu ◽  
Hong Jian Zhu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rna Virus ◽  
Pathogenic Fungus ◽  
Alternaria Brassicicola ◽  
Plant Pathogenic Fungus
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