scholarly journals Temperature Shift Between Vineyards Modulates Berry Phenology and Primary Metabolism in a Varietal Collection of Wine Grapevine

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kelem Gashu ◽  
Noga Sikron Persi ◽  
Elyashiv Drori ◽  
Eran Harcavi ◽  
Nurit Agam ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Temperature Difference ◽  
Global Climate ◽  
Temperature Shift ◽  
Pinot Noir ◽  
Primary Metabolism ◽  
Phenological Stages ◽  
Average Temperature ◽  
Developmental Phases ◽  
The Relationship

Global climate change and the expected increase in temperature are altering the relationship between geography and grapevine (V. vinifera) varietal performance, and the implications of which are yet to be fully understood. We investigated berry phenology and biochemistry of 30 cultivars, 20 red and 10 white, across three seasons (2017–2019) in response to a consistent average temperature difference of 1.5°C during the growing season between two experimental sites. The experiments were conducted at Ramat Negev (RN) and Ramon (MR) vineyards, located in the Negev desert, Israel. A significant interaction between vineyard location, season, and variety affected phenology and berry indices. The warmer RN site was generally associated with an advanced phenological course for the white cultivars, which reached harvest up to 2 weeks earlier than at the MR site. The white cultivars also showed stronger correlation between non-consecutive phenological stages than did the red ones. In contrast, harvest time of red cultivars considerably varied according to seasons and sites. Warmer conditions extended fruit developmental phases, causing berry shriveling and cluster collapse in a few cultivars such as Pinot Noir, Ruby Cabernet, and Tempranillo. Analyses of organic acid content suggested differences between red and white cultivars in the content of malate, tartrate, and citrate in response to the temperature difference between sites. However, generally, cultivars at lower temperatures exhibited lower concentrations of pulp organic acids at véraison, but acid degradation until harvest was reduced, compared to the significant pace of acid decline at the warmer site. Sugars showed the greatest differences between sites in both white and red berries at véraison, but differences were seasonal dependent. At harvest, cultivars of both groups exhibited significant variation in hexose/sucrose ratio, and the averages of which varied from 1.6 to 2.9. Hexose/sucrose ratio was significantly higher among the red cultivars at the warmer RN, while this tendency was very slight among white cultivars. White cultivars seem to harbor a considerable degree of resilience due to a combination of earlier and shorter ripening phase, which avoids most of the summer heat. Taken together, our study demonstrates that the extensive genetic capacity of V. vinifera bears significant potential and plasticity to withstand the temperature increase associated with climate change.

Global Climate Change and Aesthetics

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emily Brady
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Global Climate Change ◽  
Research Agenda ◽  
Global Climate ◽  
Ethical Values ◽  
Global Crisis ◽  
Aesthetic Experiences ◽  
New Research ◽  
The Relationship

What kinds of issues does the global crisis of climate change present to aesthetics, and how will they challenge the field to respond? This paper argues that a new research agenda is needed for aesthetics with respect to global climate change (GCC) and outlines a set of foundational issues which are especially pressing: (1) attention to environments that have been neglected by philosophers, for example, the cryosphere and aerosphere; (2) negative aesthetics of environment, in order to grasp aesthetic experiences, meanings, and dis/values in light of the catastrophic effects of GCC; (3) bringing intergenerational thinking into aesthetics through concepts of temporality and ‘future aesthetics’ (4) understanding the relationship between aesthetic and ethical values as they arise in regard to GCC.

scholarly journals International climate change negotiation: the role of Brazil

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 379-395
Author(s):  
Marcela Cardoso Guilles Da Conceição ◽  
Renato de Aragão Ribeiro Rodrigues ◽  
Fernanda Reis Cordeiro ◽  
Fernando Vieira Cesário ◽  
Gracie Verde Selva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Global Climate ◽  
International Negotiation ◽  
Climate Change Negotiations ◽  
Essential Condition ◽  
Average Temperature ◽  
Social And Economic Development ◽  
International Climate ◽  
International Climate Change

The increase of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere raises the average temperature of the planet, triggering problems that threaten the survival of humans. Protecting the global climate from the effects of climate change is an essential condition for sustaining life. For this reason, governments, scientists, and society are joining forces to propose better solutions that could well-rounded environmentally, social and economic development relationships. International climate change negotiations involve many countries in establishing strategies to mitigate the problem. Therefore, understanding international negotiation processes and how ratified agreements impact a country is of fundamental importance. The purpose of this paper is to systematize information about how climate negotiations have progressed, detailing key moments and results, analyzing the role that Brazil played in the course of these negotiations and the country’s future perspectives.

The Relationship between Energy Consumption and Climate Change in Shanghai

2012 ◽  
Vol 524-527 ◽  
pp. 2388-2393 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nan Wang ◽  
Mahjoub Elnimeiri
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Energy Use ◽  
Fossil Fuel ◽  
Average Temperature ◽  
The Past ◽  
Strong Positive Relationship ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Annual Average Temperature ◽  
Fossil Fuel Energy

The phenomenon of climate change is becoming a global problem. One of the most important reasons of climate change is the increase in CO2 levels due to emissions from fossil fuel energy use in daily human activities. This research will use the data of the annual average temperature and energy consumption in the past 41 years of Shanghai, the largest city in China, to establish the statistical relationship between climate change and energy consumption. It is found that there is a strong positive relationship between climate change and energy consumption in Shanghai. The phenomenon of climate change could be controlled by reducing excessive energy consumption in people’s daily life. Furthermore, this paper will also discuss the reason of such relationship, and provide suggesstions of saving energy and protecting our environment.

Conception of Traditional Knowledge Database Based on Climate Change

2015 ◽  
Vol 743 ◽  
pp. 594-597
Author(s):  
Yu Huan Du ◽  
Cheng Wang ◽  
Lun Yin ◽  
Da Yuan Xue ◽  
Zhuo Ma Caiji
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Traditional Knowledge ◽  
Global Climate ◽  
Ecological Environment ◽  
Ecological Knowledge ◽  
Farming Practices ◽  
Knowledge Database ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
New System

Recent years, the studies on global climate change, local traditional knowledge (TK) – especially traditional ecological knowledge (TEK) have attracted a lot of attention. Local traditional knowledge can reflect the ethnic groups’ specific understandings of climate change and its impact. However, studies on the relationship between traditional knowledge and climate change have not achieved such significant result thus far. This paper examines the perspectives, knowledge, and classification of climate change based on local Tibetan traditional knowledge in Deqin County of Yunnan, China. It analyses the local actions how to “cope with” climate change, and further discusses the relationship between traditional knowledge and ecological environment. The suggestion to establish the database of climate change, then, there will be a new system if the database can be connected with TK database. From the new system, we can analyze and choose the appropriate farming practices and “climate-ready” crops to respond to different predicted weather.

Climate change, social policy, and global governance

2013 ◽  
Vol 29 (3) ◽  
pp. 185-203 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ian Gough
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Social Policy ◽  
Global Governance ◽  
Global Climate Change ◽  
Environmental Sustainability ◽  
Global Climate ◽  
Climate Change Policies ◽  
Global Arena ◽  
The Relationship

This paper considers the challenge to global social policy posed by global climate change. It sets side by side global social policies and global climate change policies, and surveys the governance of each. The first part summarises global social policy in recent years, distinguishing (1) the policies and practices pursued in the global arena, and (2) the structures of global governance and the role of significant global actors. The second part repeats this at a greater length for global climate change. The third part then considers the relationship between these two sets of policies/practices and governance structures, in particular the potential conflicts between the pursuit of social justice and environmental sustainability. It identifies two possible responses – compensation and co-benefits – and maps these onto current global actors, before concluding with a radical vision of eco-social policy.

scholarly journals Toxic Income as a Trigger of Climate Change

revistapuce ◽  
2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fander Falconí ◽  
Rafael Burbano ◽  
Pedro Cango ◽  
Jesús Ramos-Martín
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Co2 Emissions ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Temperature Limit ◽  
Average Temperature ◽  
Permissible Levels ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
Business As Usual ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Intervention Scenario

The rate of CO2 emissions concentration in the atmosphere increasesthe likelihood of significant impacts on humankind and ecosystems. Theassumption that permissible levels of greenhouse gas emissions cannot exceed the global average temperature increase of 2 ºC in relation to pre-industrial levels remains uncertain. Despite this uncertainty, the direct implication is that enormous quantities of fossil fuels have, thus far, wrongly been counted as assets by hydrocarbon firms as they cannotbe exploited if we want to keep climate under certain control. These are the socalled “toxic assets”. Due to the relationship among CO2 emissions, GDP, energy consumption, and energy efficiency, the concept of toxic assets can be transferred to toxic income, which is the income level that would generate levels of CO2 emissions incompatible with keeping climate change under control. This research, using a simulation model based on country-based econometric models, estimated a threshold for income per capita above which the temperature limit of 2 ºC would be surpassed. Under the business as usual scenario, average per capita income would be $14,208 (in constant 2010 USD) in 2033; and underthe intervention scenario, which reflects the commitments of the COP21 meeting held in Paris in December 2015, the toxic revenue would be $13,433 (in constant 2010 USD) in 2036.

scholarly journals Reviewing the links between climate change and resource conflict

2021 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
pp. 243-152
Author(s):  
Abugu Nkechinyere Anthonia ◽  
Yero Ahmed Bello ◽  
Odele Muyiwa Oliatan ◽  
Irene Amahagbor Macaulay
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Global Climate Change ◽  
Resource Availability ◽  
Global Climate ◽  
Review Of Literature ◽  
Resource Conflict ◽  
Future Studies ◽  
Resource Conflicts ◽  
Change Climate ◽  
The Relationship

Knowledge of the relationship between climate change and resource conflict is paramount in resolving resource conflict between farmers and herdsmen in Nigeria. However, there is yet no general agreement on how climate change causes or influences resource conflict. Thus, a review of existing literature that link climate change and resource conflict was conducted for identification of the missing link. These were achieved through the review of literature published in the era of the recent global climate change from late 90s to date. Selections of papers were based on the topic and date of publication. Result showed that there is general agreement that climate change influence resource conflicts. Some of the authors agreed that climate change cannot cause resource conflict in isolation but through influences on other factors that affect resource availability, accessibility and utility. These factors are also influenced by policies and socio-cultural system. Thus, resource conflict may be a secondary or tertiary effect of climate change. Climate change solution is scares in literature that linked climate change and resource conflict. Thus, future studies should be focused on climate change solution to resource conflict. Keywords: Climate change, Resource conflict, Literature review, Famers

scholarly journals Effect of increased ambient temperature on seasonal generation number in Lucilia sericata (Diptera, Calliphoridae)

2021 ◽  
Vol 48 (2) ◽  
pp. 191-198
Author(s):  
Maksym V. Makaida ◽  
Oleksander Y. Pakhomov ◽  
Viktor V. Brygadyrenko
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Global Climate Change ◽  
Temperature Increase ◽  
Global Climate ◽  
Steppe Zone ◽  
Lucilia Sericata ◽  
Farm Animals ◽  
Intergovernmental Panel ◽  
Important Species ◽  
Average Temperature

Abstract Global climate change and, specifically, rising temperatures, may increase the number of generations of necrophagous insects. The common green bottle fly Lucilia sericata (Meigen, 1826) (Diptera, Calliphoridae) ranks among the most important cosmopolitan necrophagous insects that utilize corpses and cause myiasis in farm animals and humans. Based on the data simulations, the use of accumulated degree-hours enables to calculate the number of generations of this forensically important species of blowfly with a greater accuracy than before, considering short-term increases of temperature at the boundary of the cold and warm seasons. The number of generations of L. sericata has increased from 7.65 to 8.46 in the Ukrainian steppe zone over the last 15 years, while the active developmental period of this species has increased by 25 days due to earlier start in spring. The average temperature increase of 1 °C increased the number of generations of L. sericata by 0.85. With a global climate change following the Representative Concentration Pathway (RCP) 4.5 scenario (average temperature increase of 2.4 °C), adopted by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, by 2100 the number of generations of L. sericata in a simulated ecosystem will increase by 2.0 to 9.0 generations per year.

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