MERDEKA BELAJAR-KAMPUS MERDEKA IN DEVELOPING BUSINESS ENTREPRENEURS

Merdeka Belajar-Kampus Merdeka is an innovative breakthrough program in building human resources full of creativity and innovation with the aim of being able to compete in the global arena. This breakthrough program policy is seen in the perspective of fostering an entrepreneurial spirit aimed at preparing students to become strong graduates, relevant to the needs of the times, and ready to become leaders with a high spirit of nationalism. Students who are currently studying at tertiary institutions, must be prepared to become true learners who are skilled, flexible and resilient (agile learners). The keywords in entrepreneurship are creativity and innovation. Emphasis on these two aspects can be seen from the learning process. Increasing and even changing the mental structure of students is expected to be oriented to innovation and creativity that have economic value. Entrepreneurial success is a part of the process of creativity and innovation, this is in line with what was stated by Schumpeter (1934) about the destruction of value in an established market structure. Entrepreneurs offer value that can change the structure of an established market. These values are formulated based on creativity and innovation.

LEADERSHIP STRATEGY IN MANAGING WORKPLACE DIVERSITY

Leadership is how all the possible dimensions of diversity are managing an organization develops an essential ingredient for any workplace that wants to build happier, more productive and more effective workplaces. Leadership sets the tone for the rest of the organization, recognizing and assessing cultural differences helps the organization to frame sound workforce management strategy and in developing positive workplace outcomes. The way leaders working in global arena have to take cultural differences and values into the main consideration while formulating an effective motivation and leadership strategy. Diversity carries out specific strategies to get leaders have initiated efforts that highlighting a conceptual paper concept and few challenges of workforce diversity. It needs to be the official set application of motivation, leadership practices and also discusses the real-life diversity management. The key area to look within the leadership team workplace diversity is a challenge for everyone, especially managers and business owners. This paper underlines a necessary step to ensure that diversity remains a core business value, even leadership contributes an idea to management policy makers for designing an oriented motivational and leadership strategy for managing a diversified workforce. KEYWORDS : Leadership, Workplace, Diversity, Motivation, Competencies, Challenges,

Duality of Technology Nexus in Combating Terrorism and Violent Extremism in Support of Gender Mainstreaming

Gender equality plays a pivotal role in combating terrorism and violent extremist in the global arena. This chapter provides a brief overview of evolution, definition and overall goals of gender mainstreaming and analysis as a tool for understanding the unique needs of men and women to achieve gender equality at the institutional level by developing policies, implementing programs and reviewing security implications. Since the 21st-century battlefield is complex, kinetic and multi-dimensional, it requires a multi-disciplinary approach to find solutions to such issues. Using technological platforms, it is possible to supplement means to understand, foresight and address such complex dynamics. A focus on the duality of information technology and its interplay with social media for recruitment, preventing the spread of misinformation and even intercepting channels of communication, plays a vital role in combating terrorism and violent extremism. From a policy standpoint, offering education and training and providing easy access to information platforms along with other similar initiatives, will assist in gender equality and in development policies, programs and strategies.

Re-Envisioning Pedagogy in the Lens of Asychronous and Synchronuos Learning in Higher Education Amid Covid 19 Pandemic in Kenya

Higher Education institutions have faced many challenges since the onset of COVID 19 pandemic with closures that extended to more than three months. Coronavirus pandemic pushed universities to switch to online classes from the conventional traditional pedagogies. While the work to transition face-to-face instruction to online environments would mean a lot of technological preparedness among lecturers, students, infrastructure; these initiatives have at the same time lead to established familiarity with the necessary technological tools, and teaching approaches with online learning. Universities have taken up the initiative to re-plan, re- design and re-develop in-house capacity building structures and develop off campuses courses and distance learning in order to meet the diverse learning needs of the students and pedagogical needs of the faculty. Among these initiatives is re-envisioning pedagogy in the lens of asynchronous and synchronous learning in higher education amid COVID 19 Pandemic. This paper has analyzed reflections on asynchronous and synchronous pedagogies and learning during faculty capacity building sessions from the University of Nairobi, Kenya. Out of these reflections are recommendations that other universities in the global arena can apply for quality in the teaching-learning processes in institutions of higher learning.

Invisible Resilience: Indigenous Knowledge Systems of Earthquake Disaster Management in Kagera Region, Tanzania

Indigenous environmental disaster management systems are maintained in remotely located communities through intergenerational transmission. This fieldwork illuminates a wealth of unprecedented survival techniques, strategies and skills for offsetting the worst effects of a natural disaster in earthquake-prone areas of north-west Tanzania. Normally, responses from the government and its foreign development partners are hamstrung by bureaucratic red tape, taking too long in reaching disaster victims to be of any actual help. The formal mechanisms of global assistance constitute disaster management failure by design. Rather, it is the local experts who sustain human lives in the weeks and months before external aid comes to the rescue. Yet local communities’ contributions to their own survival remain invisible to central government and the global arena. Traditional means of forecasting environmental catastrophes and of providing essential assistance in the aftermath of natural disasters are reflections of cultural values, socio-economic sophistication and scientific expertise within communities whose resilience needs to be recognized, assisted and promoted. Educational curricula of the future, involving a new generation of academicians, should integrate this crucial indigenous knowledge into the nation’s mainstream disaster management framework.

Pharmacovigilance- A drug safety monitoring tool

The objective of this narrative review is to converse about drug safety, global pharmacological authorities and their responsibility, the process of adverse event reporting, and the main functions of pharmacovigilance. Pharmacovigilance is a science that ensures patient safety against both newly launched and well-established medicinal products in the market. Pharmacovigilance is considered a specific tool used for observing and estimating Adverse Drug Reactions (ADRs) and is essential for successful drug management programs, clinical trials, and public health programs. In the few past years, the number of reported ADRs got increased as a result of which the volume of data got increased. To handle such huge data and the need to understand the pharmacovigilance, it requires highly skilled and proficient people for immediate detection of drug's side effects and protects the product from improper removal. The existing global network of pharmacovigilance centers will be strengthened through an independent review process in coordination with the Uppsala Monitoring Center. Its main role is to assess trials and crucial issues of drug safety that probably influence public health beyond national borders. In this global arena, Pharmacovigilance becomes an important and integral part of clinical research. Most of the countries set up pharmacovigilance centers to monitor drug safety; however, millennial pharmacovigilance faces major challenges for improved safety and drug monitoring.

Nepal's Engagement in BRI and MCC: Implications on Nepal's Geopolitics and Foreign Policy

Nepal's Engagement in BRI and MCC: Implications on Nepal's Geopolitics and Foreign Policy discusses on Nepal's engagement in the Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) and the USA's Millennium Challenge Corporation (MCC). In doing so, it defines BRI, MCC, and the perspective of Heartland under Mackinder's geopolitical theories briefly. The paper critically analyzes the issues and consequences of BRI and MCC on Nepal's geopolitics and foreign policy. It examines the BRI and MCC at global arena briefly that how they have been going global. Meanwhile, the paper assesses the relation of the Indo-Pacific Strategy (IPS) and the MCC. In addition, the paper critically evaluates the legacy of Nepal's foreign policy and the implication of MCC as per the Nepal Constitution-2015. It adopts with qualitative method. Finally, the paper concludes that Nepal has three options about the MCC compact and the best one is making a serious diplomatic effort from the Nepalese side to re-negotiate with the USA to review some provisions of the agreement.

The China-Italy Comprehensive Strategic Partnership: Overview and Pathways to Progress

2020, the year that the world was engulfed by the Covid-19 pandemic, was also the 50th anniversary of diplomatic relations between China and Italy. The China-Italy comprehensive strategic partnership plays an important role in deepening China-EU cooperation, advancing the Belt and Road Initiative, and building a community with a shared future for humanity. China-Italy relations should be studied within the analytical framework of strategic partnership which has gained traction in China’s foreign policy narrative. Beijing’s pursuit of strategic partnerships aims at forging stable and enduring relations that are driven by common interests in a world of proliferating challenges and geopolitical uncertainties. While making steady progress, the partnership is also facing multi-dimensional challenges. China and Italy should strengthen strategic dialogue to build mutual trust and constantly improve their institutionalized cooperation. Economically, they should work out broader areas for collaboration and better manage their competition to achieve win-win results. At the level of people-to-people exchange, mutual understanding and trust should be enhanced to eliminate misconception and prejudice. At the regional level, the China-EU-Italy trilateral relationship should be consolidated to shield bilateral cooperation from the volatility of China-EU relations. In the global arena, China and Italy should also step up efforts to catalyze international financial reforms and address global challenges such as climate change, economic governance, and global public health emergencies by improving policy coordination and aligning global strategies.