scholarly journals Cabo Verde’s Poaceae Flora: A Reservoir of Crop Wild Relatives Diversity for Crop Improvement

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vanézia Rocha ◽  
Maria C. Duarte ◽  
Silvia Catarino ◽  
Ivani Duarte ◽  
Maria M. Romeiras
Keyword(s):  
Food Security ◽  
Genetic Resources ◽  
Pennisetum Glaucum ◽  
Plant Genetic Resources ◽  
Crop Improvement ◽  
Foxtail Millet ◽  
Crop Wild Relatives ◽  
Wild Relatives ◽  
Eragrostis Tef ◽  
Cabo Verde

Africa is home to important centers of origin and diversity of crop wild relatives (CWR), including many species adapted to adverse agroecological conditions, namely drought and poor soils. Plant genetic resources from Cabo Verde Islands have been poorly explored for their potential to supplement the genetic pool of cultivated species. In this paper we identify Cabo Verde’s CWR from the Poaceae family and provide a checklist of priority CWR taxa, highlighting those of particular conservation concern and the areas which should be the focus of the most intensive conservation efforts in these islands. Our results revealed that Cabo Verde archipelago is an important center of CWR diversity of West African crop millets, namely fonio (e.g., white fonio, Digitaria exilis, and black fonio, Digitaria iburua) and other African millets [e.g., pearl millet (Cenchrus americanus = Pennisetum glaucum), teff millet (Eragrostis tef), finger millet (Eleusine coracana), barnyard millet (Echinochloa colona), proso millet (Panicum miliaceum), and foxtail millet (Setaria italica)], which represent a diverse group of cereal crops, and important components in agriculture and food security of this country. Also, hotspot areas of diversity for in situ conservation were identified in Cabo Verde, as well as several populations occurring under extreme habitats conditions that are well adapted to drylands and poor soils. The evaluation of their potential for new ecologically important adaptive characteristics associated with tolerance to abiotic stresses is discussed. The survey of international Germplasm Banks revealed that very few accessions from Cabo Verde are conserved, contributing to the loss of genetic diversity of plant genetic resources in this archipelago. Particularly, the diversity of millets and the associated indigenous knowledge are critical for the food security and cultural identity of many poor farmers in Cabo Verde.

A crop wild relative inventory for Southern Africa: a first step in linking conservation and use of valuable wild populations for enhancing food security

2019 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 128-139 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Allen ◽  
H. Gaisberger ◽  
J. Magos Brehm ◽  
N. Maxted ◽  
I. Thormann ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Food Security ◽  
Crop Improvement ◽  
Sustainable Use ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Crop Wild Relatives ◽  
Economic Security ◽  
Wild Relatives ◽  
Conservation Strategies ◽  
Conservation Action ◽  
Human Food

AbstractSuccessful conservation strategies require that taxa are prioritized because resources for planning and implementation are always limited. In this study, we created a partial checklist of crop wild relatives (CWR) that occur in the Southern African Development Community (SADC) region and identified the taxa of highest priority for regional conservation planning based on their importance for food and economic security. We found that the region contains over 1900 wild relatives of species cultivated for food, beverages, ornamental, forage/fodder, forestry, medicinal, environmental and other uses. Prioritization of these species was based on two criteria: (i) the value of the related crop for human food and economic security in the region and/or globally, and (ii) the potential or known value of the wild relatives of those crops for crop improvement. The region contains 745 CWR species related to 64 human food and beverage crops that are of high socioeconomic importance and 100 of these are of immediate priority for conservation action. The results of this study show that the SADC region contains a wealth of CWR diversity that is not only of value for food and economic security within the region but also globally. Furthermore, this study represents the first step in developing a CWR conservation and sustainable use strategy for the region, where its implementation would contribute to food security and well-being.

scholarly journals Conservation status and sustainable local use of crop and crop wild relative species in the Bistoon protected area / West of Iran

2012 ◽  
Vol 29 (2) ◽  
pp. 55-62 ◽  
Author(s):  
Reza Rostami ◽  
Korous Khoshbakht
Keyword(s):  
Food Security ◽  
Genetic Resources ◽  
Plant Species ◽  
Protected Area ◽  
Conservation Status ◽  
Crop Wild Relatives ◽  
Wild Relatives ◽  
Wild Relative ◽  
Crop Wild Relative ◽  
Local Use

Abstract Collecting information about crop wild relatives (CWRs) as vital genetic resources for food security is the first stage of monitoring them. In this study, which was conducted in a protected area, we surveyed the conservation status of CWR sand, and the interaction between the condition of these plants and their local use. From 338 plant species in the area, 179 crop wild relatives in 38 families were identified. None of them is threatened, but some endemic rare or vulnerable plants such as Alkanna frigida Boiss. could cause some anxiety. Among these species 19 species of CWRs have edible usage in this area. Harvesting the crop wild relatives from nature by the local people is seen as a conservative factor although this is not usually true of other species.

Climate change and crop wild relatives: can species track their suitable environment, and what do they lose in the process?

2013 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 234-237 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marleen M. P. Cobben ◽  
Rob van Treuren ◽  
Theo J. L. van Hintum
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Genetic Resources ◽  
Species Distribution ◽  
Species Distribution Models ◽  
Plant Genetic Resources ◽  
Crop Wild Relatives ◽  
Wild Relatives ◽  
Founder Effects ◽  
Distribution Models ◽  
Dispersal Capacity

Crop wild relatives are an increasingly important source of plant genetic resources for plant breeders. Several studies have estimated the effects of climate change on the distribution of crop wild relatives, using species distribution models. In this approach, two important aspects, i.e. species' dispersal capacity and founder effects, are currently not taken into account. Neglecting these aspects can lead to an underestimation of the climate change-induced threat to the size of the species range and the conservation of range-wide levels of genetic diversity. This paper presents two recommendations for the interpretation of the results obtained with these models. The integration of process-based simulation models and statistical species distribution models will facilitate the inclusion of dispersal processes and founder effects in future assessments of the resilience of plant genetic resources under climate change.

scholarly journals Tackling Food Insecurity in Cabo Verde Islands: The Nutritional, Agricultural and Environmental Values of the Legume Species

Foods ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 206
Author(s):  
Miguel Brilhante ◽  
Eromise Varela ◽  
Anyse P. Essoh ◽  
Arlindo Fortes ◽  
Maria Cristina Duarte ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Food Security ◽  
Genetic Resources ◽  
Vigna Unguiculata ◽  
Plant Genetic Resources ◽  
Nutritional Composition ◽  
Food Sources ◽  
Phaseolus Lunatus ◽  
Legume Species ◽  
Lablab Purpureus ◽  
Cabo Verde

Legume species are important food sources to reduce hunger and deal with malnutrition; they also play a crucial role in sustainable agriculture in the tropical dry islands of Cabo Verde. To improve the knowledge of the heritage of plant genetic resources in this Middle Income Country, this study had three main goals: (i) to provide a checklist of food legumes; (ii) to investigate which species are traded in local markets and, based on field surveys, to compare species for their chemical, phenolic, antioxidant, and nutritional composition; and (iii) to discuss the agronomic value and contribution to food security in this archipelago. Our results revealed that 15 species are used as food and 5 of them are locally traded (Cajanus cajan, Lablab purpureus, Phaseolus lunatus, Phaseolus vulgaris, and Vigna unguiculata). The role of these species as sources of important minerals, antioxidants, and nutritional components for food security is highlighted, and the native ones (Lablab purpureus and Vigna unguiculata) stand-out as particularly well-adapted to the climate of these islands, which are already experiencing the adverse effects of climate change. We conclude that the sustainable use of these genetic resources can contribute to the reduction of hunger and poverty, thus meeting some challenges of the Sustainable Development Goals.

Importance of Crop Wild Relatives and Landraces Genetic Resources in Plant Breeding Programmes

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Berk Benlioğlu ◽  
M. Sait Adak
Keyword(s):  
Plant Breeding ◽  
Genetic Resources ◽  
Plant Genetic Resources ◽  
Crop Wild Relatives ◽  
Wild Relatives ◽  
Stress Factors ◽  
Biotic And Abiotic Stress ◽  
Global Food Security ◽  
Abiotic Stress Factors ◽  
Breeding Programmes

Plant genetic resources are the biological basis of global food security. Agricultural diversity and genetic resources should be used more effectively to sustain the current level of food production and to solve future problems. The importance of plant genetic resources in the improvement of varieties with new features is indisputably known. The most effective use of plant genetic resources is undoubtedly in plant breeding and improvement of new varieties. In other words, it is used as a genitor. Since the cultivars are often inadequate in many genes, especially biotic and abiotic stress factors (diseases, pests, cold, drought, etc.), breeders constantly search for new sources of genetic materials. This review is based on reports in the landraces (primitive) varieties and crop wild relatives to explain the importance of genetic resources in plant breeding of reviewing scientific literature to pass.

scholarly journals Mobilization of plant genetic resources from the territory of the Kabardino-Balkarian Republic

2020 ◽  
Vol 181 (3) ◽  
pp. 9-16
Author(s):  
A. B. Kurina ◽  
L. M. Kalashnikova ◽  
A. Yu. Paritov ◽  
G. Kh. Kirzhinov ◽  
A. M. Artemyeva
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Resources ◽  
Plant Genetic Resources ◽  
Crop Wild Relatives ◽  
Wild Relatives ◽  
Vegetable Crop ◽  
Commercial Cultivars ◽  
Long Time ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Collecting Mission

Background. The Kabardino-Balkarian Republic is one of the floristically unique territories in the Russian Federation. Its vegetation, especially in the mountainous and foothill areas, is very rich due to, inter alia, the extremely complex and diverse relief. Over 50% of the entire Caucasian flora is present in the republic, representing all main groups of plant formations, except subtropical and tropical ones. It seems relevant to search for and collect crop wild relatives as well as landraces of vegetables and cucurbits cultivated for a long time in the surveyed territory and adapted to local environmental conditions in order to add new genetic resources of these crops to the VIR collection.Methods. The expedition route included explorations of the foothill and highland areas of Kabardino-Balkaria, and familiarization with the seed assortment available at the markets and agricultural stores in Nalchik and Prokhladny. The target areas were surveyed from August 18 through 26, 2019, by one- or two-day trips starting from Nalchik. The length of the itinerary was about 600 km.Results. The collecting mission examined local farms and homesteads, explored the mountains, and collected 256 local and commercial cultivars of vegetable and cucurbit crops, 69 seed and vegetative samples of vegetable crop wild relatives, plus a number of fodder plant samples. Russian and foreign breeding companies whose cultivars are popular in Kabar dino-Balkaria were identified. 

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