Quantitative Proteomics and Relative Enzymatic Activities Reveal Different Mechanisms in Two Peanut Cultivars (Arachis hypogaea L.) Under Waterlogging Conditions

Peanut is an important oil and economic crop in China. The rainy season (April–June) in the downstream Yangtze River in China always leads to waterlogging, which seriously affects plant growth and development. Therefore, understanding the metabolic mechanisms under waterlogging stress is important for future waterlogging tolerance breeding in peanut. In this study, waterlogging treatment was carried out in two different peanut cultivars [Zhonghua 4 (ZH4) and Xianghua08 (XH08)] with different waterlogging tolerance. The data-independent acquisition (DIA) technique was used to quantitatively identify the differentially accumulated proteins (DAPs) between two different cultivars. Meanwhile, the functions of DAPs were predicted, and the interactions between the hub DAPs were analyzed. As a result, a total of 6,441 DAPs were identified in ZH4 and its control, of which 49 and 88 DAPs were upregulated and downregulated under waterlogging stress, respectively, while in XH08, a total of 6,285 DAPs were identified, including 123 upregulated and 114 downregulated proteins, respectively. The hub DAPs unique to the waterlogging-tolerant cultivar XH08 were related to malate metabolism and synthesis, and the utilization of the glyoxylic acid cycle, such as L-lactate dehydrogenase, NAD+-dependent malic enzyme, aspartate aminotransferase, and glutamate dehydrogenase. In agreement with the DIA results, the alcohol dehydrogenase and malate dehydrogenase activities in XH08 were more active than ZH4 under waterlogging stress, and lactate dehydrogenase activity in XH08 was prolonged, suggesting that XH08 could better tolerate waterlogging stress by using various carbon sources to obtain energy, such as enhancing the activity of anaerobic respiration enzymes, catalyzing malate metabolism and the glyoxylic acid cycle, and thus alleviating the accumulation of toxic substances. This study provides insight into the mechanisms in response to waterlogging stress in peanuts and lays a foundation for future molecular breeding targeting in the improvement of peanut waterlogging tolerance, especially in rainy area, and will enhance the sustainable development in the entire peanut industry.

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Effects of age, training and exercise on plasma lactate dehydrogenase activity in male rats

10.31274/rtd-180813-773 ◽

1976 ◽

Author(s):

Jerry Gail Vander Tuig

Keyword(s):

Lactate Dehydrogenase ◽

Dehydrogenase Activity ◽

Male Rats ◽

Plasma Lactate ◽

Lactate Dehydrogenase Activity

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Faculty Opinions recommendation of Lactate dehydrogenase activity drives hair follicle stem cell activation.

Faculty Opinions – Post-Publication Peer Review of the Biomedical Literature ◽

10.3410/f.728648233.793535682 ◽

2017 ◽

Author(s):

Todd Nystul

Keyword(s):

Stem Cell ◽

Lactate Dehydrogenase ◽

Hair Follicle ◽

Dehydrogenase Activity ◽

Cell Activation ◽

Lactate Dehydrogenase Activity ◽

Hair Follicle Stem Cell

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Denitrification Control in a Recirculating Aquaculture System—A Simulation Study

Processes ◽

10.3390/pr8101306 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 8 (10) ◽

pp. 1306

Author(s):

Pedro Almeida ◽

Laurent Dewasme ◽

Alain Vande Wouwer

Keyword(s):

Carbon Source ◽

Carbon Sources ◽

Aquatic Organisms ◽

Operating Conditions ◽

Toxic Substances ◽

Recirculating Aquaculture System ◽

Treatment Technology ◽

Tuning Method ◽

Recirculating Aquaculture ◽

Aquaculture System

The recirculating aquaculture system (RAS) is a land-based water treatment technology, which allows for farming aquatic organisms, such as fish, by reusing the water in the production (often less than 5%). This technology is based on the use of filters, either mechanical or biological, and can, in principle, be used for any species grown in aquaculture. Due to the low recirculation rate, ammonia accumulates in the system and must be converted into nitrate using nitrification reactors. Although less toxic for fish, nitrate can also be further reduced into nitrogen gas by the use of denitrification biofilters which may create several issues, such as incomplete denitrification, resulting in toxic substances, such as nitrite and nitric oxide, or a waste of carbon source in excess. Control of the added quantity of carbon source in the denitrification biofilter is then mandatory to keep nitrate/nitrite concentrations under toxic levels for fish and in accordance with local effluent regulations, and to reduce costs related to wasted organic carbon sources. This study therefore investigates the application of different control methodologies to a denitrification reactor in a RAS. To this end, a numerical simulator is built to predict the RAS behavior and to allow for the comparison of different control approaches, in the presence of changes in the operating conditions, such as fish density and biofilter removal efficiency. First, a classical proportional-integral-derivative (PID) controller was designed, based on an SIMC tuning method depending on the amount of ammonia excreted by fish. Then, linearizing and cascade controllers were considered as possible alternatives.

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Waterlogging-Stress-Responsive LncRNAs, Their Regulatory Relationships with MiRNAs and Target Genes in Cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.)

International Journal of Molecular Sciences ◽

10.3390/ijms22158197 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 22 (15) ◽

pp. 8197

Author(s):

Kinga Kęska ◽

Michał Wojciech Szcześniak ◽

Adela Adamus ◽

Małgorzata Czernicka

Keyword(s):

Target Genes ◽

Recovery Period ◽

Sufficient Information ◽

Low Oxygen ◽

Waterlogging Tolerance ◽

Cucumis Sativus L ◽

Waterlogging Stress ◽

Non Coding Rna

Low oxygen level is a phenomenon often occurring during the cucumber cultivation period. Genes involved in adaptations to stress can be regulated by non-coding RNA. The aim was the identification of long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) involved in the response to long-term waterlogging stress in two cucumber haploid lines, i.e., DH2 (waterlogging tolerant—WL-T) and DH4 (waterlogging sensitive—WL-S). Plants, at the juvenile stage, were waterlogged for 7 days (non-primed, 1xH), and after a 14-day recovery period, plants were stressed again for another 7 days (primed, 2xH). Roots were collected for high-throughput RNA sequencing. Implementation of the bioinformatic pipeline made it possible to determine specific lncRNAs for non-primed and primed plants of both accessions, highlighting differential responses to hypoxia stress. In total, 3738 lncRNA molecules were identified. The highest number (1476) of unique lncRNAs was determined for non-primed WL-S plants. Seventy-one lncRNAs were depicted as potentially being involved in acquiring tolerance to hypoxia in cucumber. Understanding the mechanism of gene regulation under long-term waterlogging by lncRNAs and their interactions with miRNAs provides sufficient information in terms of adaptation to the oxygen deprivation in cucumber. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report concerning the role of lncRNAs in the regulation of long-term waterlogging tolerance by priming application in cucumber.

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Identification and Functional Analysis of ThADH1 and ThADH4 Genes Involved in Tolerance to Waterlogging Stress in Taxodium hybrid ‘Zhongshanshan 406’

Genes ◽

10.3390/genes12020225 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 12 (2) ◽

pp. 225

Author(s):

Lei Xuan ◽

Jianfeng Hua ◽

Fan Zhang ◽

Zhiquan Wang ◽

Xiaoxiao Pei ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Ethanol Metabolism ◽

Flooding Tolerance ◽

Transcriptome Data ◽

Low Oxygen ◽

Anaerobic Conditions ◽

Waterlogging Tolerance ◽

Waterlogging Stress ◽

Adh Genes ◽

Oxygen Conditions ◽

Stems And Leaves

The Taxodium hybrid ‘Zhongshanshan 406’ (T. hybrid ‘Zhongshanshan 406’) [Taxodium mucronatum Tenore × Taxodium distichum (L.). Rich] has an outstanding advantage in flooding tolerance and thus has been widely used in wetland afforestation in China. Alcohol dehydrogenase genes (ADHs) played key roles in ethanol metabolism to maintain energy supply for plants in low-oxygen conditions. Two ADH genes were isolated and characterized—ThADH1 and ThADH4 (GenBank ID: AWL83216 and AWL83217—basing on the transcriptome data of T. hybrid ‘Zhongshanshan 406’ grown under waterlogging stress. Then the functions of these two genes were investigated through transient expression and overexpression. The results showed that the ThADH1 and ThADH4 proteins both fall under ADH III subfamily. ThADH1 was localized in the cytoplasm and nucleus, whereas ThADH4 was only localized in the cytoplasm. The expression of the two genes was stimulated by waterlogging and the expression level in roots was significantly higher than those in stems and leaves. The respective overexpression of ThADH1 and ThADH4 in Populus caused the opposite phenotype, while waterlogging tolerance of the two transgenic Populus significantly improved. Collectively, these results indicated that genes ThADH1 and ThADH4 were involved in the tolerance and adaptation to anaerobic conditions in T. hybrid ‘Zhongshanshan 406’.

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