scholarly journals Silencing of GhKEA4 and GhKEA12 Revealed Their Potential Functions Under Salt and Potassium Stresses in Upland Cotton

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yi Li ◽  
Zhen Feng ◽  
Hengling Wei ◽  
Shuaishuai Cheng ◽  
Pengbo Hao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sugar Content ◽  
Soluble Sugar ◽  
Potassium Ions ◽  
Virus Induced Gene Silencing ◽  
High Potassium ◽  
Response Elements ◽  
Hormone Response Elements ◽  
Cotton Plants ◽  
Low Potassium ◽  
Polymerase Chain

The K+ efflux antiporter (KEA) mediates intracellular K+ and H+ homeostasis to improve salt tolerance in plants. However, the knowledge of KEA gene family in cotton is largely absent. In the present study, 8, 8, 15, and 16 putative KEA genes were identified in Gossypium arboreum, G. raimondii, G. hirsutum, and G. barbadense, respectively. These KEA genes were classified into three subfamilies, and members from the same subfamilies showed similar motif compositions and gene structure characteristics. Some hormone response elements and stress response elements were identified in the upstream 2000 bp sequence of GhKEAs. Transcriptome data showed that most of the GhKEAs were highly expressed in roots and stems. The quantificational real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) results showed that most of the GhKEAs responded to low potassium, salt and drought stresses. Virus-induced gene silencing (VIGS) experiments demonstrated that under salt stress, after silencing genes GhKEA4 and GhKEA12, the chlorophyll content, proline content, soluble sugar content, peroxidase (POD) activity and catalase (CAT) activity were significantly decreased, and the Na+/K+ ratio was extremely significantly increased in leaves, leading to greater salt sensitivity. Under high potassium stress, cotton plants silenced for the GhKEA4 could still maintain a more stable Na+ and K+ balance, and the activity of transporting potassium ions from roots into leaves was reduced silenced for GhKEA12. Under low potassium stress, silencing the GhKEA4 increased the activity of transporting potassium ions to shoots, and silencing the GhKEA12 increased the ability of absorbing potassium ions, but accumulated more Na+ in leaves. These results provided a basis for further studies on the biological roles of KEA genes in cotton development and adaptation to stress conditions.

scholarly journals Optimization of a virus-induced gene silencing system and functional elucidation of MaBAM9b in postharvest banana fruits

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
juhua liu ◽  
Meng Li ◽  
Jing Zhang ◽  
Hongxia Miao ◽  
Jingyi Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Silencing ◽  
Reverse Genetics ◽  
Starch Content ◽  
Sugar Content ◽  
Soluble Sugar ◽  
Starch Degradation ◽  
Virus Induced Gene Silencing ◽  
Functional Identification ◽  
Exact Function ◽  
Starch Conversion

Abstract Background: The genetic basis of metabolic pathways that operate during fruit ripening needs to be understood before the nutritional value of the banana can be improved. The banana is a typical starch conversion fruit, and β-amylase is a key enzyme that may play an important role in starch degradation during the ripening process. Musa acuminata β-amylase 9b (MaBAM9b) is closely related to starch degradation. However, its exact function in starch degradation has not been demonstrated in banana. Stable genetic transformation to identify gene function is time- and energy-consuming. Thus, an efficient and rapid method is needed for functional identification. Virus-induced gene silencing (VIGS) is a reverse-genetics method based on RNA-mediated antiviral plant defense that has been used to rapidly identify gene functions in plants. The aim of this study is to optimize a VIGS system and functional elucidation of MaBAM9b in postharvest banana fruits. Results: Using 0.5% iodine-potassium-iodide (I2-KI) staining for 150 s, we found that 1:3 TRV1:TRV2-MaBAM9b cultivated at 30 mmHg for 30 s to an optical density (OD) of 0.8 at 600 nm, and kept on Murashige & Skoog (MS) media for 5 days produced the best silencing results. Under these conditions, the total starch content was greatly increased, whereas the β-amylase activity, soluble sugar content, and expression of endogenous MaBAM9b greatly decreased. Conclusions: The system described here is particularly useful for studying genes and networks involved in starch conversion in fruit, which alone would not produce a visual phenotype. This system will provide a platform for functional genomics and fruit quality improvement in the banana.

Morphological, Physiological and Biochemical Responses of Poplar Plants to Drought Stress

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (03) ◽  
Author(s):  
ARADHNA KUMARI ◽  
IM KHAN ◽  
ANIL KUMAR SINGH ◽  
SANTOSH KUMAR SINGH
Keyword(s):  
Water Stress ◽  
Drought Stress ◽  
Biochemical Parameters ◽  
Sugar Content ◽  
Soluble Sugar ◽  
Field Capacity ◽  
Drought Event ◽  
Total Biomass ◽  
Biochemical Responses ◽  
Physiological And Biochemical

Poplar clone Kranti was selected to assess the morphological, physiological and biochemical responses under drought at different levels of water stress, as it is a common clone used to be grown in Uttarakhand for making paper and plywood. The cuttings of Populus deltoides L. (clone Kranti) were exposed to four different watering regimes (100, 75, 50 and 25% of the field capacity) and changes in physiological and biochemical parameters related with drought tolerance were recorded. Alterations in physiological (i.e. decrease in relative water content) and biochemical parameters (i.e. increase in proline and soluble sugar content and build-up of malondialdehyde by-products) occurred in all the three levels of water stress, although drought represented the major determinant. Drought treatments (75%, 50% and 25% FC) decreased plant height, radial stem diameter, harvest index, total biomass content and RWC in all the three watering regimes compared to control (100% FC). Biochemical parameters like proline, soluble sugar and MDA content increased with severity and duration of stress, which helped plants to survive under severe stress. It was analyzed that for better wood yield poplar seedlings should avail either optimum amount of water (amount nearly equal to field capacity of soil) or maximum withdrawal up to 75% of field capacity up to seedling establishment period (60 days). Furthermore, this study manifested that acclimation to drought stress is related with the rapidity, severity, and duration of the drought event of the poplar species.

scholarly journals Effects of cadmium stress on growth and physiological characteristics of sassafras seedlings

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hongyi Zhao ◽  
Juelan Guan ◽  
Qing Liang ◽  
Xueyuan Zhang ◽  
Hongling Hu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hydrogen Peroxide ◽  
Sugar Content ◽  
Soluble Sugar ◽  
Cadmium Concentration ◽  
Cadmium Stress ◽  
Proline Content ◽  
Physiological Characteristics ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Gas Exchange Parameters ◽  
Photosynthetic Gas Exchange

AbstractThe effects of cadmium stress on the growth and physiological characteristics of Sassafras tzumu Hemsl. were studied in pot experiments. Five Cd levels were tested [CT(Control Treatment) : 0 mg/kg, Cd5: 5 mg/kg, Cd20: 20 mg/kg, Cd50: 50 mg/kg, and Cd100: 100 mg/kg]. The growth and physiological characteristics of the sassafras seedlings in each level were measured. The results showed that soil Cd had negative influences on sassafras growth and reduced the net growth of plant height and the biomass of leaf, branch and root. Significant reductions were recorded in root biomass by 18.18%(Cd5), 27.35%(Cd20), 27.57%(Cd50) and 28.95%(Cd100). The contents of hydrogen peroxide decreased first then increased while malondialdehyde showed the opposite trend with increasing cadmium concentration. Decreases were found in hydrogen peroxide contents by 10.96%(Cd5), 11.82%(Cd20) and 7.02%(Cd50); increases were found in malondialdehyde contents by 15.47%(Cd5), 16.07%(Cd20) and 7.85%(Cd50), indicating that cadmium stress had a certain effect on the peroxidation of the inner cell membranes in the seedlings that resulted in damage to the cell membrane structure. Superoxide dismutase activity decreased among treatments by 17.05%(Cd5), 10,68%(Cd20), 20.85%(Cd50) and 8.91%(Cd100), while peroxidase activity increased steadily with increasing cadmium concentration; these results suggest that peroxidase is likely the main protective enzyme involved in the reactive oxygen removal system in sassafras seedlings. Upward trends were observed in proline content by 90.76%(Cd5), 74.36%(Cd20), 99.73%(Cd50) and 126.01%(Cd100). The increase in proline content with increasing cadmium concentration indicated that cadmium stress induced proline synthesis to resist osmotic stress in the seedlings. Compared to that in CT, the soluble sugar content declined under the different treatments by 32.84%(Cd5), 5.85%(Cd20), 25.55%(Cd50) and 38.69%(Cd100). Increases were observed in the soluble protein content by 2.34%(Cd5), 21.36%(Cd20), 53.15%(Cd50) and 24.22%(Cd100). At different levels of cadmium stress, the chlorophyll content in the seedlings first increased and then decreased, and it was higher in the Cd5 and Cd20 treatments than that in the CT treatment. These results reflected that cadmium had photosynthesis-promoting effects at low concentrations and photosynthesis-suppressing effects at high concentrations. The photosynthetic gas exchange parameters and photosynthetic light-response parameters showed downward trends with increasing cadmium concentration compared with those in CT; these results reflected the negative effects of cadmium stress on photosynthesis in sassafras seedlings.

Identification of novel steroid target genes through the combination of bioinformatics and functional analysis of hormone response elements

2006 ◽  
Vol 339 (1) ◽  
pp. 99-106 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kuniko Horie-Inoue ◽  
Kenichi Takayama ◽  
Hidemasa U. Bono ◽  
Yasuyoshi Ouchi ◽  
Yasushi Okazaki ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Functional Analysis ◽  
Target Genes ◽  
Hormone Response ◽  
Response Elements ◽  
Hormone Response Elements

The Influence of Chlorophenoxy Herbicides MCPA on Creeping Bentgrass Physiological Index

2011 ◽  
Vol 356-360 ◽  
pp. 2763-2766 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yang Fan Gao ◽  
Ming Wang Shi ◽  
Jian Hua Wang
Keyword(s):  
Chlorophyll Content ◽  
Sugar Content ◽  
Soluble Sugar ◽  
Creeping Bentgrass ◽  
Physiological Index ◽  
Soluble Sugar Content ◽  
Content Determination ◽  
Chlorophenoxy Herbicides ◽  
Test Result

In this article, we studied to different concentrations of MCPA to creeping bentgrass Growth. Through the creeping bentgrass in four different periods of chlorophyll content, MDA and soluble sugar content determination. This test result showed:With the MCPA concentration increases, creeping bentgrass decline of chlorophyll content in the same period of growth, MDA and soluble sugar content increased. MCPA used after the early pair of creeping bentgrass growth is large, to put off with MCPA handle time, to affect to creeping bentgrass growth is gradually decreased.

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