Values, Attitudes Toward Interpersonal Violence, and Interpersonal Violent Behavior

Although emotion dysregulation (ED) is a core symptom of borderline personality disorder (BPD), tests of associations between ED and aggression and violence—which are common to BPD—are sparse. The authors evaluated mediating effects of an autonomic vulnerability to ED on links between BPD symptoms and (a) reactive aggression, (b) proactive aggression, and (c) histories of interpersonal violence in a sample of young adults (N = 104), ages 18–22 years. Low baseline respiratory sinus arrhythmia (RSA) mediated the association between BPD symptoms and reactive aggression. In contrast, although BPD symptoms were correlated with proactive aggression, no mediational effect was found. In addition, low RSA mediated the association between BPD symptoms and histories of interpersonal violence. Collectively, these findings add evidence that neurobiological vulnerability to ED contributes to aggressive and violent behavior among those with BPD.

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Violent Behavior of Men in Their Intimate Relationships, as They Experience It

American Journal of Men s Health ◽

10.1177/1557988308321674 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 2 (3) ◽

pp. 244-253 ◽

Cited By ~ 18

Author(s):

Aune Flinck ◽

Eija Paavilainen

Keyword(s):

Intimate Relationships ◽

Interpersonal Violence ◽

Partner Violence ◽

Violent Behavior ◽

Descriptive Phenomenology ◽

History Of ◽

The Relationship ◽

The Voice ◽

Abusive Men ◽

Supportive Intervention

Violence against women has been extensively studied in various disciplines, whereas less attention has been paid to the experiences of men. Even the violent behavior of men in their intimate relationships has been mostly studied as experienced by women. This study follows Husserlian descriptive phenomenology. Twenty open-ended interviews were conducted with 10 Finnish men with a history of intimate partner violence (IPV). The data were analyzed by the method developed by Colaizzi. Findings suggested that men considered communication and dynamics of the relationship important. Fundamentally, these abusive men had a need to be respected as men, and they sought to experience human dignity. It is necessary to readjust the framework on interpersonal violence, listen to the voice of men, and develop prevention, early identification, and supportive intervention strategies for men, couples, and families. Research on IPV should be expanded to include the experiences of both genders.

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Violent crime runs in families: a total population study of 12.5 million individuals

Psychological Medicine ◽

10.1017/s0033291710000462 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 41 (1) ◽

pp. 97-105 ◽

Cited By ~ 74

Author(s):

T. Frisell ◽

P. Lichtenstein ◽

N. Långström

Keyword(s):

Violent Crime ◽

Interpersonal Violence ◽

Familial Aggregation ◽

Violent Behavior ◽

Familial Risk ◽

Violence Risk ◽

Specific Effects ◽

Familial Risk Factors ◽

Risk Assessment And Prevention ◽

Nested Case Control

BackgroundEtiological theory and prior research with small or selected samples suggest that interpersonal violence clusters in families. However, the strength and pattern of this aggregation remains mostly unknown.MethodWe investigated all convictions for violent crime in Sweden 1973–2004 among more than 12.5 million individuals in the nationwide Multi-Generation Register, and compared rates of violent convictions among relatives of violent individuals with relatives of matched, non-violent controls, using a nested case–control design.ResultsWe found strong familial aggregation of interpersonal violence among first-degree relatives [e.g. odds ratio (OR)sibling 4.3, 95% confidence interval (CI) 4.2–4.3], lower for more distant relatives (e.g. ORcousin 1.9, 95% CI 1.9–1.9). Risk patterns across biological and adoptive relations provided evidence for both genetic and environmental influences on the development of violent behavior. Familial risks were stronger among women, in higher socio-economic strata, and for early onset interpersonal violence. There were crime-specific effects (e.g. ORsibling for arson 22.4, 95% CI 12.2–41.2), suggesting both general and subtype-specific familial risk factors for violent behavior.ConclusionsThe observed familiality should be accounted for in criminological research, applied violence risk assessment, and prevention efforts.

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The Oxford Handbook of Behavioral Emergencies and Crises

10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199352722.001.0001 ◽

2014 ◽

Keyword(s):

Risk Management ◽

High Risk ◽

Interpersonal Violence ◽

Medical Center ◽

Violent Behavior ◽

The Elderly ◽

Negative Consequences ◽

Behavioral Emergencies ◽

Serious Injury ◽

Ethical Risk Management

The Oxford Handbook of Behavioral Emergencies and Crisesincludes the most up-to-date and valuable research on the evaluation and management of arguably the most challenging patients faced by mental health practitioners—that is, individuals who are at high risk of suicide or other-directed violence or of becoming the victims of interpersonal violence. The outcome with such cases can be serious injury or death, and there can be negative consequences for the patient, and also for the patient’s family and friends, for the clinician, and for the clinic or medical center. This book presents a framework for learning the skills to assess and work competently with these patients. The book has sections dealing with such critical incidents in children, adolescents, adults, and the elderly. There are sections to aid clinicians with conditions that need to be distinguished from behavioral emergencies; on treating patients or clients who have ongoing chronic risk of harming themselves or others; and on legal and ethical risk management as well as psychological risk management for the clinician in the event of a negative outcome. The book examines interrelated aspects of the major behavioral emergencies; for example, the degree to which interpersonal victimization may lead an individual to later suicidal or violent behavior; or the degree to which suicidal individuals and violent individuals may share certain cognitive characteristics. It also presents a method for reducing the clinician’s stress and acquiring skill in working with high-risk people.

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Borderline Personality Disorder Diagnosis and Symptoms in Outpatient Youth as Risk Factors for Criminal Offenses and Interpersonal Violence

Journal of Personality Disorders ◽

10.1521/pedi_2021_35_503 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 1-24

Author(s):

Marialuisa Cavelti ◽

Katherine Thompson ◽

Jennifer Betts ◽

Claire Fowler ◽

Stefan Luebbers ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Family Violence ◽

Interpersonal Violence ◽

Violent Behavior ◽

Public Mental Health ◽

Violence Intervention ◽

Public Mental Health Service ◽

Criminal Offenses ◽

Increased Risk ◽

Targeted Treatments ◽

Males And Females

The aim of the current study was to examine the risk for offending among outpatient youth with borderline pathology. Demographic and diagnostic data from 492 outpatients who attended a public mental health service for 15- to 25-year-olds between January 1998 and March 2008 were linked with information regarding criminal offenses and intervention orders collected from a statewide police database between March 1993 and June 2017. BPD diagnosis and number of BPD criteria were both associated with an elevated risk for violent and nonviolent offenses and family violence intervention orders. Moderation analyses revealed that the number of BPD criteria might affect males and females differently in terms of offending. Both impulsivity and anger independently predicted the risk for violent and nonviolent offenses and family violence intervention orders. Early detection of increased risk of offending among youth with BPD features is essential to develop targeted treatments for criminal or violent behavior.

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Characteristics of Youth With Combined Histories of Violent Behavior, Suicidal Ideation or Behavior, and Gun-Carrying

Crisis ◽

10.1027/0227-5910/a000389 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 37 (6) ◽

pp. 402-414 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Joseph E. Logan ◽

Kevin J. Vagi ◽

Deborah Gorman-Smith

Keyword(s):

Substance Use ◽

Depressive Symptoms ◽

Suicidal Ideation ◽

Interpersonal Violence ◽

School Connectedness ◽

Violent Behavior ◽

Suicidal Thoughts ◽

Illicit Substance ◽

Illicit Substance Use ◽

Gun Carrying

Abstract. Background: Youth reporting combined histories of nonfatal violence, suicidal ideation/behavior, and gun-carrying (VSG) are at risk for perpetrating fatal interpersonal violence and self-harm. Aims: We characterized these youth to inform prevention efforts. Method: We analyzed 2004 data from 3,931 seventh-, ninth-, and 11–12th-grade youth and compared VSG youth (n = 66) with non-gun carrying youth who either had no histories of violence or suicidal thoughts/behavior (n = 1,839), histories of violence (n = 884), histories of suicidal thoughts/behaviors (n = 552), or both (n = 590). We compared groups based on demographic factors, risk factors (i.e., friends who engage in delinquency, peer-violence victimization, depressive symptoms, illicit substance use), and protective factors (i.e., school connectedness, parental care and supervision). Regression models identified factors associated with VSG youth. Results: Illicit substance use and having friends who engage in delinquency were more common among VSG youth in all comparisons; almost all VSG youth had high levels of these factors. Depressive symptoms were positively associated with VSG youth versus youth without either violent or suicide-related histories and youth with violent histories alone. School connectedness and parental supervision were negatively associated with VSG youth in most comparisons. Conclusion: Family-focused and school-based interventions that increase connectedness while reducing delinquency and substance use might prevent these violent tendencies.

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Family conflict, stress, and coping as predictors of violence

Salud Mental ◽

10.17711/sm.0185-3325.2019.035 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 42 (6) ◽

pp. 269-274

Author(s):

Andrés Gómez-Acosta ◽

John Alexander Castro Muñoz

Keyword(s):

Coping Strategies ◽

Family Conflict ◽

Interpersonal Violence ◽

Goodness Of Fit ◽

Violent Behavior ◽

Structural Equations ◽

Stress And Coping ◽

Coping Resources ◽

The Family ◽

And Coping

Introduction. Violence research has prioritized stress as a consequence, even though it would be suggested that it could be considered as a trigger for violent behavior; additionally, there are no models in Colombia from an empirical-analytical perspective that demonstrate which are the psychosocial factors that allow predicting interpersonal violence. Objective. To determine from the structural-equations model (SEM) the extent to which variables such as family conflict, in association with the perception of stress and coping strategies, predict the presence of violent behavior. Method. Cross-sectional descriptive-correlational investigation, with multivariate analysis. Results. The SEM obtained reports that the average of expressions of violence in the family, family conflict, perceived stress, and coping strategies explain the variance of violence by 68%, with optimal adjustment goodness of fit indicators. Discussion and conclusion. The situations of family conflict and the expression of manifestations of violence of any kind in the family scenario, added to stress of people can seem to trigger, if there are no adequate coping resources, the intention to inflict harm on people or things that are immersed in such contexts. However, it is necessary to develop new studies, in order to consolidate the explanatory potential of the formulated model.

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Characteristics of Female Perpetrators and Victims of Dating Violence

Violence and Victims ◽

10.1891/vivi.17.5.593.33711 ◽

2002 ◽

Vol 17 (5) ◽

pp. 593-606 ◽

Cited By ~ 32

Author(s):

Sarah F. Lewis ◽

Laura Travea ◽

William J. Fremouw

Keyword(s):

Dating Violence ◽

Interpersonal Violence ◽

Violent Behavior ◽

Self Esteem ◽

Self Report ◽

Limited Attention ◽

Control Group ◽

Significant Group ◽

Female Perpetrators ◽

Perpetrators And Victims

Although many researchers have explored the topic of dating violence, limited attention has been paid to female perpetrators. Very little research has examined variables that facilitate aggression for females in dating relationships. In an effort to investigate distinct types of violent behavior, the present study separated females who experience dating violence into three categories (bi-directional aggression, perpetrator-only, and victim-only) and compared them with a control group not previously exposed to interpersonal violence. The purpose of this study was to examine variables that discriminate violent females from non-violent females. Variables that were hypothesized to be associated with aggressive behavior and investigated in the current study were interparental aggression, self-esteem, love attitudes, and alcohol use. Three hundred female college students responded to multiple self-report questionnaires examining psychological correlates of dating violence. Females in the bi-directional aggression group were more likely to have witnessed their father abuse their mother and scored significantly lower on a measure of self-esteem than non-violent controls. Females in the control group demonstrated higher scores on a measure of mature and selfless love style than did the victim or perpetrator-only participants. There were no significant group differences regarding general alcohol consumption. Implications for prevention and intervention are presented and discussed.

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“Mtoto Wa Nyoka Ni Nyoka,” The Child of a Snake is a Snake: A Narrative Analysis of Adverse Childhood Experiences and Perpetration of Interpersonal Violence Among Men in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania

Journal of Interpersonal Violence ◽

10.1177/0886260521997443 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 088626052199744

Author(s):

Susannah Zietz ◽

Lusajo Kajula ◽

Sandra Martin ◽

Beth Moracco ◽

Meghan Shanahan ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Narrative Analysis ◽

Interpersonal Violence ◽

Partner Violence ◽

Life Histories ◽

Violent Behavior ◽

Childhood Adversity ◽

Dar Es Salaam ◽

Coping With Stress ◽

Childhood Experiences ◽

Development Interventions

Childhood exposure to adversity, including abuse and neglect, is consistently found to be a predictor of intimate partner violence (IPV) and peer violence (PV) perpetration in adulthood. The purpose of this study is to qualitatively examine factors that may facilitate or impede the use of violence among those who have been exposed to adversity early in life. We are particularly interested in protective experiences or environments for these participants. The qualitative data were analyzed through thematic coding and narrative analysis of participant life histories. We found three salient themes: (a) parental acceptance and early attachment is protective for coping with stress with intimate partners in adulthood; (b) certain key life turning points can provide a protective context against violent behavior in adulthood; and (c) poverty in adulthood compromises one’s ability to cope with stress and anger in adulthood. Our findings contextualize the different factors that may affect the behavior of perpetration of interpersonal violence among high-risk men in Dar es Salaam who have been exposed to adversity in childhood. These findings provide important information on the risk and protective factors for interpersonal violence spanning from childhood to adulthood. This study highlights the importance of child development interventions in this situation, both for the primary prevention of child adversity and for promoting resilience and mitigating the effects of childhood adversity that put men at risk for perpetration of interpersonal violence in adulthood.

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Strong Associations Between Childhood Victimization and Community Violence in Male Forensic Mental Health Patients

Frontiers in Psychiatry ◽

10.3389/fpsyt.2020.628734 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 ◽

Author(s):

Roar Fosse ◽

Gunnar Eidhammer ◽

Lars Erik Selmer ◽

Maria Knutzen ◽

Stål Bjørkly

Keyword(s):

Mental Health ◽

Community Violence ◽

Interpersonal Violence ◽

Emotional Abuse ◽

Violent Behavior ◽

War Trauma ◽

Cumulative Exposure ◽

Forensic Mental Health ◽

Mental Health Patients ◽

Physical Neglect

Background: Childhood abuse and neglect increase the risk of both mental disorders and violent behavior. Associations between child relational adversities and violent behavior have not been extensively investigated in forensic mental health settings. We asked whether the extent of child adversities predicts the extent of violence in the community in forensic mental health patients.Methods: We included 52 male patients at a medium security forensic mental health ward, with diagnoses of predominantly paranoid schizophrenia and other schizophrenia and psychotic disorders. Seventy-five percent had comorbid substance abuse. We extracted information on six types of child adversities based on clinicians' administrations of the Historical Clinical Risk Management 20 version 3 (HCR 20) scale and summary notes in electronic patient journals. These same sources were used to extract information on war trauma and interpersonal violence in the community. We established cumulative scales for exposure to number of types of child adversities and number of incidents of community violence.Results: Physical and emotional abuse, emotional and physical neglect, and bullying were associated with higher levels of community violence. We observed a linear, significant increase in the frequency of community violence with cumulative numbers of child adversity types.Conclusions: Cumulative exposure to child adversities may be associated with higher degrees of violence in forensic mental health patients, with the most violent patients having the most extensive exposures to adversities. An enhanced focus on child adversities in risk assessment and management of violence may be considered in forensic inpatient settings.

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