risk assessment and prevention
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2022 ◽  
Vol Publish Ahead of Print ◽  
Author(s):  
Lixiao Yang ◽  
Yanni Wu ◽  
Chunlan Zhou ◽  
Cuihua Xie ◽  
Ya Jiang ◽  
...  

2021 ◽  
pp. OP.21.00551
Author(s):  
Sandhya Pruthi ◽  
Dawn M. Mussallem ◽  
Lauren F. Cornell ◽  
Christine L. Klassen ◽  
Juliana M. Kling

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
R.P. Singh ◽  
Naresh Chandra ◽  
Madhu Swamy ◽  
Shashi Bharti

Ecotoxicology is a relatively new science that helps to protect the existing ecosystem from toxic environmental pollutants. The scientists are working towards prediction, observation, monitoring, risk assessment and prevention from these toxicants and their harmful effects on population, community and ecosystem. It is a multidisciplinary field, which integrates toxicology, chemistry and ecology. Presently the human interventions and chemical production without proper disposal are one of the most responsible factors for presence of harmful pollutants in the biosphere. The toxic chemical may cause detrimental effects like change in behavior pattern of population, reduced growth, physiological and molecular changes and developmental changes ultimately may change the whole exposed ecosystem. Although, ecotoxicologists are facing a lot of problems to predict the effect of a chemical on an individual living population, they are doing a great job to protect our ecosystem.


2021 ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
Timothy Rice ◽  
Leo Sher

Abstract Objective: The COVID-19 pandemic has drastically changed society and introduced many new factors to consider in adolescent suicide risk assessment and prevention. One complexity that warrants consideration is the male-specific impacts of the pandemic within adolescence. Methods: A review of the relevant literature. Results: Matters of social distancing, virtual education, and substance use may impact adolescent men in fashions that raise their suicide risk more significantly relative to adolescent women. Social distancing may impact adolescents’ friendships and generate a regression back to the nuclear family; qualities of male adolescents’ friendships and of masculinity suggest that these impacts may be more severe in adolescent men and may directly raise suicide risk. Virtual schooling yields educational and social setbacks; losses of team sports, male mentors, and the implications of diminished educational advancement may more adversely affect adolescent men and raise risk. Substance use has increased in the pandemic, particularly among adolescent men. There are direct associations with suicide risk as well as indirectly through increased parental conflict and punishment. Conclusion: As adolescent men die by suicide at significantly elevated rates relative to adolescent women, a male-specific consideration of these impacts is indicated to address adolescent suicide in our current era. Recommendations are made for integrating these considerations into updated adolescent suicide risk assessment and prevention efforts.


2021 ◽  
Vol 50 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. i1-i6
Author(s):  
M F Österdahl ◽  
A Wong ◽  
I Douglas ◽  
S J Sinnott ◽  
L Smeeth ◽  
...  

Abstract Introduction There is concern regarding adverse effects of antihypertensive treatment, including falls and subsequent fractures, especially hip fractures. As frailty is increasingly recognised as an important risk factor for adverse outcomes, we examined its relationship to fracture rates in older patients after starting antihypertensives. Methods Using the Clinical Practice Research Datalink (CPRD), we identified participants over 65-years old starting a first-line antihypertensive medication. Using deficits identified in CPRD we classified patient-level frailty as “Fit”, “Mild”, “Moderate” or “Severe” using the Electronic Frailty Index. We calculated the rate of fractures by frailty level and fracture site, and determined the rate ratio (RR) of first fracture by frailty level, adjusting for confounding, using multivariable poisson regression. We conducted sensitivity analyses to additionally adjust for ethnicity, deprivation, and bisphosphonate use. Results 44% of participants were classified as mildly frail or greater, but frail participants experienced 58% of all fractures, and 63% of hip fractures. The whole cohort showed a crude rate of 14.1 fractures/1000 person-years, with 4.5 hip fractures/1000 person-years. In severe frailty, this rises to 51.0 fractures/1000 person-years, and 17.7 hip fractures/1000 person-years. After adjustment for confounding, increasing frailty was associated with greater rate of any fracture, reaching RR 2.85 (95% confidence interval 2.43–3.33) for severe frailty versus fit. Results were unchanged in sensitivity analyses. Conclusions Frailty and fracture are both common in older participants who start antihypertensive medications. Increasing frailty was positively associated with increased rates of fracture. Clinicians need awareness of this relationship to consider fracture risk assessment and prevention in these patients.


Author(s):  
Benjamí Monsonís-Filella ◽  
Montserrat Gea-Sánchez ◽  
Ester García-Martínez ◽  
Mercè Folguera-Arnau ◽  
Josep Maria Gutiérrez Vilaplana ◽  
...  

Author(s):  
Marja Anneli Äijö ◽  
Satu Havulinna ◽  
Saija Karinkanta ◽  
Tarja Tervo-Heikkinen ◽  
Eija Lönnroos

Falls are a significant and increasing threat to wellbeing and health of older adults in Finland. Education is a key factor to prevent falls. National recommendations have been published to guide the health care professionals' work in falls prevention. In addition, interprofessional collaboration between different organizations have been done to prevent falls. This collaboration has produced evidence-based falls risk assessment tools, falls prevention programs, and materials advising older adults to prevent falls. Healthcare and educational organizations use these methods and materials to educate professionals and students in the risk assessment and prevention of falls among older adults. Finland is a good example how healthcare professionals from different settings and universities have worked together to increase the knowledge about falls and skills to prevent falls. Good collaboration can prevent falls nationally.


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