Characteristics of Female Perpetrators and Victims of Dating Violence

2002 ◽  
Vol 17 (5) ◽  
pp. 593-606 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarah F. Lewis ◽  
Laura Travea ◽  
William J. Fremouw
Keyword(s):  
Dating Violence ◽  
Interpersonal Violence ◽  
Violent Behavior ◽  
Self Esteem ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Limited Attention ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Significant Group ◽  
Female Perpetrators ◽  
Perpetrators And Victims

Although many researchers have explored the topic of dating violence, limited attention has been paid to female perpetrators. Very little research has examined variables that facilitate aggression for females in dating relationships. In an effort to investigate distinct types of violent behavior, the present study separated females who experience dating violence into three categories (bi-directional aggression, perpetrator-only, and victim-only) and compared them with a control group not previously exposed to interpersonal violence. The purpose of this study was to examine variables that discriminate violent females from non-violent females. Variables that were hypothesized to be associated with aggressive behavior and investigated in the current study were interparental aggression, self-esteem, love attitudes, and alcohol use. Three hundred female college students responded to multiple self-report questionnaires examining psychological correlates of dating violence. Females in the bi-directional aggression group were more likely to have witnessed their father abuse their mother and scored significantly lower on a measure of self-esteem than non-violent controls. Females in the control group demonstrated higher scores on a measure of mature and selfless love style than did the victim or perpetrator-only participants. There were no significant group differences regarding general alcohol consumption. Implications for prevention and intervention are presented and discussed.

scholarly journals How Downward and Upward Comparisons on Facebook Influence Grandiose and Vulnerable Narcissists’ Self-Esteem—A Priming Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 39
Author(s):  
Phillip Ozimek ◽  
Hans-Werner Bierhoff ◽  
Elke Rohmann
Keyword(s):  
Social Networking Sites ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
Social Comparisons ◽  
Past Research ◽  
Self Esteem ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Vulnerable Narcissism ◽  
And Control

Past research showed that social networking sites represent perfect platforms to satisfy narcissistic needs. The present study aimed to investigate how grandiose (GN) and vulnerable narcissism (VN) as well as social comparisons are associated with Facebook activity, which was measured with a self-report on three activity dimensions: Acting, Impressing, and Watching. In addition, the state self-esteem (SSE) was measured with respect to performance, social behavior, and appearance. One hundred and ten participants completed an online survey containing measures of SSE and Facebook activity and a priming procedure with three experimental conditions embedded in a social media context (upward comparison, downward comparison, and control group). Results indicated, as expected, that high VN was negatively associated with SSE on each subscale and the overall score. In addition, it was found that VN, but not GN, displayed positive associations with frequency of Facebook activities. Finally, it was proposed and confirmed that VN in interaction with the priming of downward comparisons negatively affected SSE. The conclusion drawn is that VN represents a key variable for the prediction of self-esteem as well as for the frequency of Facebook activity.

The Impact of Domestic Violence on Women’s Self-Attitude in Kazakhstan

2020 ◽  
pp. 77-83
Author(s):  
Zhanna Kalmatayeva
Keyword(s):  
Domestic Violence ◽  
Quantitative Research ◽  
Self Esteem ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Personality Research ◽  
Attitude Test ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Student’S T ◽  
The Impact

The purpose of the article was to study the problems of domestic violence of women and its consequences in Kazakhstan. The analysis of the results of the study of self-attitude and self-esteem of women subjected to domestic violence. Revealed there is a correlation between the level of self-attitude of domestic violence victims and the non-differentiated I-concept. 140 women participated in the present study, 70 women are control group which not subjected to domestic violence and 70 women of them who have currently reported domestic violence in the Crisis Center "Umit" in Nur-Sultan in the period from November 2017 to October 2019. Quantitative research method was used in terms of survey model by implementing a psychological test “The self-attitude test questionnaire (SA)” that assesses self-relation, differentiated by self-esteem, self-sympathy, self-interest, and expectations of self-reliance of participants. Also, during the study was used personal questionnaire “Who am I?” a variant of non-standardized self-report, approaching the projective methods of personality research. Descriptive statistics were used to analyze the answers in terms of their levels of the participants’ self-esteem and self-relation and further, since it was revealed according to the results reflect the difference in the two groups by the values obtained from these scales, the Student's t-test for independent groups was used [2] was used to reveal whether there is any correlation between the components of the scale. The obtained results can be used to interventions and training of family for counselors in order to promote women's self-esteem and self-relation.

Social Desirability and Irritable Bowel Syndrome

1992 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 99-103 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brenda B. Toner ◽  
Eileen Koyama ◽  
Paul E. Garfinkel ◽  
Kursheed N. Jeejeebhoy ◽  
Ines Di Gasbarro
Keyword(s):  
Irritable Bowel Syndrome ◽  
Social Desirability ◽  
Psychiatric Patients ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Social Desirability Scale ◽  
Significant Group ◽  
Assessment And Treatment ◽  
Irritable Bowel ◽  
And Control

The Marlowe-Crowne Social Desirability Scale, a 33-item self-report questionnaire, was administered to an age-matched sample of twenty-five irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) patients, twenty-four psychiatric patients meeting a diagnosis of major depression, and nineteen controls. As predicted, planned comparisons analysis showed a significant group effect: IBS group scores were significantly higher than both depressed and control group scores ( p < .05). Implications of this social desirability response set for the psychological assessment and treatment of IBS are discussed.

Anger, Irrational Beliefs, and Dysfunctional Attitudes in Violent Dating Relationships

2000 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 337-350 ◽  
Author(s):  
Melanie L. Dye ◽  
Christopher I. Eckhardt
Keyword(s):  
Dating Violence ◽  
Irrational Beliefs ◽  
Cognitive Distortions ◽  
Anger Expression ◽  
Cognitive Distortion ◽  
Dysfunctional Attitudes ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Trait Anger ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Significant Group

The purpose of the present investigation was to evaluate whether perpetrators of dating violence could be differentiated from their nonviolent counterparts on measures of anger and cognitive distortion, specifically Ellis’s (1994) irrational beliefs and Beck’s (1976) dysfunctional attitudes. Of the 95 male and 152 female undergraduates surveyed, 27% (24 males and 43 females) reported using some form of physical aggression against their current dating partner in the past year. On a self-report measure of anger (State-Trait Anger Expression Inventory), violent individuals reported higher levels of Anger Out and lower levels of Anger Control compared to nonviolent participants. While there were no differences between violent and nonviolent participants’ levels of Trait Anger, the results suggest that violent individuals have difficulty controlling angry feelings when they arise, which may increase the likelihood of externally directed forms of anger expression. No significant group differences emerged on questionnaire measures of irrational beliefs and dysfunctional attitudes. Within the violent sample, there was no differential pattern of correlations between measures of anger and cognition relative to the nonviolent sample. The present data suggest that while trait-based measures of cognitive distortion explain little variance in self-reported acts of dating violence, future research should investigate whether (a) cognitive distortions are present during affect-inducing partner conflict situations, or (b) vary with violence severity.

scholarly journals Effects of Cognitive Behavioral Group Program for Mental Health Promotion of University Students

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (10) ◽  
pp. 3500
Author(s):  
Soojung Lee ◽  
Eunjoo Lee
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Self Esteem ◽  
Personal Relationship ◽  
Cognitive Behavioral ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Significant Group ◽  
Behavioral Program ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Cognitive Behavioral Program ◽  
Experimental Group

This study aimed to explore the effects of a group cognitive behavioral program on depression, self-esteem, and interpersonal relations among undergraduate students. A non-equivalent control group pretest-posttest design was used. A convenient sample of 37 undergraduates (18 in the experimental group and 19 in the control group) at K university located in Changwon, South Korea was used. Data were collected from February 4, 2019 to June 18, 2019. The experimental group received eight sessions of the program, which were scheduled twice a week, with each session lasting 90 min. Collected data were analyzed using a chi-square test, Fisher’s exact test, independent t-test, and repeated measures ANOVA by SPSS/WIN 23.0 (SPSS, Inc., Chicago, IL, USA). The interaction of group and time was significant, indicating that the experimental group showed an improvement in depression, self-esteem, and personal relationship compared to the control group. A significant group by time interaction for depression, self-esteem, and personal relationship was also found between the two groups. The study results revealed that the group cognitive behavioral program was effective in reducing depression and improving self-esteem and interpersonal relation. Therefore, the group cognitive behavioral program can be used for promoting the mental health of students as well as for preventing depression in a university setting.

scholarly journals Effects of Acute Exercise on Drug Craving, Self-Esteem, Mood, and Affect in Adults with Polysubstance Use Disorder: Protocol for a Multicenter Randomized Controlled Trial (Preprint)

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maren Mikkelsen Ellingsen ◽  
Sunniva Launes Johannesen ◽  
Egil Wilhelm Martinsen ◽  
Sandra Rinne Dahl ◽  
Mats Hallgren
Keyword(s):  
Substance Use ◽  
Substance Use Disorders ◽  
Self Esteem ◽  
Psychological Effects ◽  
Rating Of Perceived Exertion ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Polysubstance Use ◽  
Multicenter Randomized Controlled Trial

BACKGROUND Novel treatments for substance use disorders are needed. Acute bouts of exercise can improve mood states and craving in nonclinical populations. Exercise effects in those with polysubstance dependence are understudied; controlled trials are needed. OBJECTIVE This protocol describes a clinical study examining the short-term psychological effects of 2 types of physical activity, soccer and circuit training, in patients with substance use disorders. Effects will be compared with a nonexercise control group. Specific aims are to investigate whether there are differences between the activities and the duration of changes. METHODS This study is a short-term multicenter randomized control trial with a crossover design. Patients consecutively admitted to 4 inpatient treatment centers were invited to participate in 3 conditions, each lasting 45 minutes, within one week. The order of the conditions was randomized. There were a total of 5 assessments, taken at baseline, immediately before each condition, immediately after each condition, and 1, 2, and 4 hours postintervention, enabling patterns of change over time to be observed. Psychological effects were assessed with self-report questionnaires, which included scales for craving, state anxiety, positive and negative affect, self-esteem, and mood. Exercise intensity was assessed with the Borg Rating of Perceived Exertion scale and a heart rate monitor (Polar M200; Polar Electro Ltd). Cortisol was assessed in saliva before and 4 hours after the intervention. RESULTS A total of 39 patients were included in the study. Data collection was completed in 2019. CONCLUSIONS We anticipate larger improvements in the intervention groups than among controls, indicating positive psychological effects during and after exercise. The study will add clinically relevant information about the short-term psychological effects of exercise in the treatment of substance use disorders, using activities that are easily accessible in different clinical settings. CLINICALTRIAL German Clinical Trials Register DRKS00018869; https://www.drks.de/drks_web/navigate.do?navigationId=trial.HTML&amp;TRIAL_ID=DRKS00018869 INTERNATIONAL REGISTERED REPORT DERR1-10.2196/18553

scholarly journals Effects of Acute Exercise on Drug Craving, Self-Esteem, Mood, and Affect in Adults with Polysubstance Use Disorder: Protocol for a Multicenter Randomized Controlled Trial

10.2196/18553 ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (10) ◽  
pp. e18553
Author(s):  
Maren Mikkelsen Ellingsen ◽  
Sunniva Launes Johannesen ◽  
Egil Wilhelm Martinsen ◽  
Sandra Rinne Dahl ◽  
Mats Hallgren
Keyword(s):  
Substance Use ◽  
Substance Use Disorders ◽  
Self Esteem ◽  
Psychological Effects ◽  
Rating Of Perceived Exertion ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Polysubstance Use ◽  
Multicenter Randomized Controlled Trial

Background Novel treatments for substance use disorders are needed. Acute bouts of exercise can improve mood states and craving in nonclinical populations. Exercise effects in those with polysubstance dependence are understudied; controlled trials are needed. Objective This protocol describes a clinical study examining the short-term psychological effects of 2 types of physical activity, soccer and circuit training, in patients with substance use disorders. Effects will be compared with a nonexercise control group. Specific aims are to investigate whether there are differences between the activities and the duration of changes. Methods This study is a short-term multicenter randomized control trial with a crossover design. Patients consecutively admitted to 4 inpatient treatment centers were invited to participate in 3 conditions, each lasting 45 minutes, within one week. The order of the conditions was randomized. There were a total of 5 assessments, taken at baseline, immediately before each condition, immediately after each condition, and 1, 2, and 4 hours postintervention, enabling patterns of change over time to be observed. Psychological effects were assessed with self-report questionnaires, which included scales for craving, state anxiety, positive and negative affect, self-esteem, and mood. Exercise intensity was assessed with the Borg Rating of Perceived Exertion scale and a heart rate monitor (Polar M200; Polar Electro Ltd). Cortisol was assessed in saliva before and 4 hours after the intervention. Results A total of 39 patients were included in the study. Data collection was completed in 2019. Conclusions We anticipate larger improvements in the intervention groups than among controls, indicating positive psychological effects during and after exercise. The study will add clinically relevant information about the short-term psychological effects of exercise in the treatment of substance use disorders, using activities that are easily accessible in different clinical settings. Trial Registration German Clinical Trials Register DRKS00018869; https://www.drks.de/drks_web/navigate.do?navigationId=trial.HTML&TRIAL_ID=DRKS00018869 International Registered Report Identifier (IRRID) DERR1-10.2196/18553

scholarly journals Dating violence experienced: How interpersonal communication shows it all

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 ◽  
pp. 206-227
Author(s):  
Evi Aryati Arbay ◽  
Devyana Kurniawan ◽  
MargarethaMargawati Van Eymeren
Keyword(s):  
Interpersonal Communication ◽  
Dating Violence ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Self Esteem ◽  
The Core ◽  
Perpetrators And Victims

This study examined interpersonal communiation between perpetrators and victims of dating violence. Interpersonalcommunication that carried by 3 survivors who will also tell what has been said by perpetrator through their experiences. The research conducted by deep interview with all of subjects those as participants and a psychologist. In order to get the core words of  the languange that has been used when communicating with each other. That implies interpersonal communication is important as way to read how by using certain words or sentences in interpersonl communication can build something that has impact for one who spoken to person who in romance relationship. It can created self esteem, interdependence and secure feeling or as  the opposite when dating violence occured; insecure, fear, shame, humiliate, less confidence or gaslighting. Those are the findings through particular evidences base on survivor narrated of interpersonal communication with perpetrator that has been told to researcher about how they were experiences dating violence, and physical evidences has proofed how it operates. The dating violence can perpetuated and have countless negative impact when the victims survivors still tolerate such behaviors from the perpetrator (boyfriend/lover), and do not aware that those abusive treatments are must not to be accepted.

Perpetrators’ and Victims’ Attributions for IPV: A Critical Review of the Literature

2015 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 239-267 ◽  
Author(s):  
Angela M. Neal ◽  
Katie M. Edwards
Keyword(s):  
Partner Violence ◽  
Intimate Partner ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Review Of The Literature ◽  
Anger Control ◽  
Self Defense ◽  
Female Perpetrators ◽  
Ipv Perpetration ◽  
Perpetrators And Victims

Research shows that there are a variety of reasons why people self-report engaging in intimate partner violence (IPV) perpetration, but few studies report victims’ attributions for their partners’ IPV perpetration. Because there are two acting partners in relationships, as well as the IPV incidents that occur in the relationships, to fully understand the dynamics of IPV, both partners’ perceptions of why the incidents occur must be understood. The authors of this article systematically reviewed the available empirical evidence regarding male and female perpetrators’ endorsed attributions for their IPV perpetration, as well victims’ attributions for their partners’ IPV perpetration. Several literature databases were explored, resulting in 50 articles that met the criteria for inclusion in this review. IPV perpetrators’ commonly endorsed attributions for physical and psychological IPV consisted of control, anger, retaliation, self-defense, to get attention, and an inability to express oneself verbally. Research has not examined endorsed attributions for coercive control. The few studies examining attributions for sexual IPV found that it was attributed to dominance or hedonism. Themes regarding victims’ attributions were largely similar to those of the perpetrators, however, there were some differences. Victims’ attributions for physical IPV perpetration consisted of anger, control, jealousy, and the influence of drugs/alcohol, which are similar to perpetrators’ self-reported attributions for engaging in IPV perpetration. Victims’ attributions for their partners’ psychological IPV perpetration consisted of the perpetrator’s personality, relationship dissolution, alcohol, and their partners’ jealousy. Victims’ attributions for their partners’ sexual IPV perpetration, however, differed from perpetrators’ attributions, consisting of the victim believing that the perpetrator thought they wanted it, being under the influence of alcohol/drugs, and doing it out of love. Methodological inconsistencies, directions for future research, and treatment implications are also discussed.

Compliance and Commitment to Clients Schizophrenia Increased After Given Acceptance and Commitment Therapy and Education Health Medication Adherence

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jek Amidos Pardede
Keyword(s):  
Medication Adherence ◽  
Health Education ◽  
Acceptance And Commitment Therapy ◽  
Violent Behavior ◽  
Intervention Group ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Self Esteem ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Commitment Therapy ◽  
Acceptance And Commitment

Schizophrenia nursing problems most commonly found is the risk of violent behavior, hallucinations, and low self esteem. Found 55% of client risk violent behavior, hallucinations, and low self-esteem who have a relapse and medication adherence. This study aims to obtain the effects Acceptance and Commitment Therapy and Health Education adherence to symptoms, ability to accept and commit to treatment and compliance in schizophrenia clients Mental Hospital of Medan, North Sumatra. This research design quasiexperimental pre-test post-test with control group. This sampling technique was purposive sampling, where the sample is 90 clients with schizophrenia, 30 the intervention group were given Acceptance and Commitment Therapy and medication adherence health education, intervention group were given 30 Acceptance and Commitment Therapy and 30 control group. Results of this study found a reduction in symptoms risk of violent behavior, hallucinations, and low selfesteem and increased ability to accept and commit to the treatment of schizophrenia and compliance client who gets Acceptance and Commitment Therapy and health education medication adherence was significantly greater than the group that only get Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (p&lt; 0,05). Acceptance and commitment therapy and medication adherence health education recommended as a therapeutic nursing and therapy support advanced nursing care for clients in the risk of schizophrenia with violent behavior, hallucinations, and low self esteem.

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