scholarly journals The Varying Coherences of Implied Motion Modulates the Subjective Time Perception

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Feiming Li ◽  
Lei Wang ◽  
Lei Jia ◽  
Jiahao Lu ◽  
Youping Wu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Time Perception ◽  
Subjective Experience ◽  
Subjective Time ◽  
Implied Motion ◽  
Experience Of Time ◽  
Standard Duration ◽  
Mediating Factor ◽  
Temporal Bisection Task ◽  
Coherence Level ◽  
Perceived Duration

Previous research has demonstrated that duration of implied motion (IM) was dilated, whereas hMT+ activity related to perceptual processes on IM stimuli could be modulated by their motion coherence. Based on these findings, the present study aimed to examine whether subjective time perception of IM stimuli would be influenced by varying coherence levels. A temporal bisection task was used to measure the subjective experience of time, in which photographic stimuli showing a human moving in four directions (left, right, toward, or away from the viewer) were presented as probe stimuli. The varying coherence of these IM stimuli was manipulated by changing the percentage of pictures implying movement in one direction. Participants were required to judge whether the duration of probe stimulus was more similar to the long or short pre-presented standard duration. As predicted, the point of subjective equality was significantly modulated by the varying coherence of the IM stimuli, but not for no-IM stimuli. This finding suggests that coherence level might be a key mediating factor for perceived duration of IM images, and top-down perceptual stream from inferred motion could influence subjective experience of time perception.

Stimulus-Induced Temporal Illusions: When Awareness Is Mesmerized by Time

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 363-380
Author(s):  
Tutku Öztel ◽  
Fuat Balcı
Keyword(s):  
Time Perception ◽  
Subjective Experience ◽  
Walking Speed ◽  
Subjective Time ◽  
Temporal Modulation ◽  
Experience Of Time ◽  
Human Participants ◽  
Temporal Bisection Task ◽  
Temporal Illusions ◽  
Confidence Ratings

Our subjective experience of time intervals is susceptible to the effects of the various properties of the timed stimuli/events (e.g., motion, size, affect). For instance, subjective time is considerably lengthened when observing faster and shortened when observing slower walking animations. Such effects on perceived time have been investigated widely in the field. What we do not know based on these studies is if participants are aware of these sorts of stimulus-induced timing illusions. Thus, the current study, using confidence ratings, investigated whether the participants are aware of their largely biased time perception induced by the observed walking speed in a temporal bisection task. After each categorization of a probe interval as ‘short’ or ‘long’, we asked participants to rate their confidence level regarding their categorization. We reasoned that if participants were aware of their biased time perception, the temporal modulation of confidence ratings regarding their categorization performance would not change between different walking speed conditions. We found that confidence ratings closely tracked shifts in the psychometric functions suggesting that participants were not aware of the stimulus-induced warping of perceived time. We replicated these findings in a second experiment. Our results show that human participants are not aware of the stimulus-induced temporal illusions they experience.

The End of Resilience? Managing Vulnerability Through Temporal Resourcing and Resisting

2021 ◽  
pp. 104225872110538
Author(s):  
Oana Branzei ◽  
Ramzi Fathallah
Keyword(s):  
Subjective Experience ◽  
Coping Skills ◽  
Theory And Practice ◽  
Subjective Time ◽  
First Person ◽  
Step Process ◽  
Objective Time ◽  
Experience Of Time

We induce a first-person conceptualization of entrepreneurial resilience. Our seven-year, two-study ethnography shows that entrepreneurs enact resilience as a four-step process of managing vulnerability: they richly experience episodes of adversity, self-monitor across episodes, reassess personal thresholds and reconcile challenges with coping skills. Entrepreneurs manage vulnerability by (1) modifying ( stretching and shrinking) objective time and (2) changing their subjective experience of time as working with or against the clock through temporal resourcing or temporal resisting. We extend the theory and practice of entrepreneurial resilience by elaborating the interplay of objective and subjective time in managing vulnerability in recurrent and unprecedented crises.

scholarly journals Subjective experience of time in dementia with Lewy bodies during COVID-19 lockdown

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dylan Torboli ◽  
Giovanna Mioni ◽  
Cinzia Bussé ◽  
Annachiara Cagnin ◽  
Antonino Vallesi
Keyword(s):  
Dementia With Lewy Bodies ◽  
Subjective Experience ◽  
Neuropsychiatric Symptoms ◽  
Lewy Bodies ◽  
Subjective Perception ◽  
Subjective Time ◽  
Past Time ◽  
Experience Of Time ◽  
Perception Of Time ◽  
Patients Experience

AbstractDementia with Lewy bodies (DLB) is a neurodegenerative disease characterized by cognitive, behavioral and motor symptoms and has a more challenging clinical management and poorer prognosis compared to other forms of dementia. The experience of lockdown leads to negative psychological outcomes for fragile people such as elderly with dementia, particularly for DLB, causing a worsening of cognitive and neuropsychiatric symptoms. Since an individual’s feeling of time passage is strongly related to their cognitive and emotional state, it is conceivable to expect alterations of this construct in people with DLB during such a difficult period. We therefore assessed the subjective experience of the passage of time for present and past time intervals (Subjective Time Questionnaire, STQ) during the lockdown due to coronavirus disease (COVID−19) in 22 patients with DLB (17 of which were re-tested in a post-lockdown period) and compared their experience with that of 14 caregivers with similar age. Patients showed a significantly slower perception of present and past time spent under lockdown restrictions. We argue that these alterations might be related to the distinctive features of DLB and their exacerbation recorded by the patients’ caregivers during the period of lockdown, though our results show that the patients’ experience of time passage in a post-lockdown period remained similarly slow. Overall, we show an impairment of the subjective perception of time passage in DLB tested during the COVID-19 lockdown.

scholarly journals Linear vector models of time perception account for saccade and stimulus novelty interactions

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amir Hossein Ghaderi ◽  
John Douglas Crawford
Keyword(s):  
Time Perception ◽  
Vector Model ◽  
Subjective Time ◽  
Scalar Model ◽  
Time Compression ◽  
State Dependent ◽  
Behavioral Interaction ◽  
Visual Phenomena ◽  
Human Participants ◽  
Perceived Duration

AbstractVarious models (e.g. scalar, state-dependent network, and vector models) have been proposed to explain the global aspects of time perception, but they have not been tested against specific visual phenomena like perisaccadic time compression and novel stimulus time dilation. Here, we tested how the perceived duration of a novel stimulus is influenced by 1) a simultaneous saccade, in combination with 2) a prior series of repeated stimuli in human participants. This yielded a novel behavioral interaction: pre-saccadic stimulus repetition neutralizes perisaccadic time compression. We then tested these results against simulations of the above models. Our data yielded low correlations against scalar model simulations, high but non-specific correlations for our feedforward neural network, and correlations that were both high and specific for a vector model based on identity of objective and subjective time. These results demonstrate the power of global time perception models in explaining disparate empirical phenomena and suggest that subjective time has a similar essence to time’s physical vector.

scholarly journals Laypeople’s Beliefs Affect their Reports about the Subjective Experience of Time

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 15-26
Author(s):  
Yee Mun Lee ◽  
Steve M. J. Janssen
Keyword(s):  
General Population ◽  
Subjective Experience ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Subjective Time ◽  
The Past ◽  
Experience Of Time ◽  
Speed Up ◽  
Time Periods ◽  
One Year

Because the general population may be familiar with the phenomenon that life appears to speed up as people become older, participants’ preconceptions may affect how they answer questionnaires about the subjective experience of time. To be able to account for these preconceptions in future research, we assessed laypeople’s beliefs about the phenomenon. Participants (N = 313) were asked whether they were familiar with the phenomenon, whether they experienced the phenomenon themselves, and what they thought that the cause or causes of the phenomenon might be. More than 80% of the participants had read or heard about the phenomenon prior to the study, suggesting that the phenomenon is well known among the general population. Furthermore, although most participants experienced the phenomenon themselves, familiarity with the phenomenon affected whether they felt that life appeared to be speeding up and whether time passed fast for them. Familiarity also affected whether participants attributed the phenomenon to changes in objective or subjective time but not the endorsement of the phenomenon’s causes. Finally, participants also had preconceptions about what time periods represent ‘the present’ and ‘the past’. Whereas nearly all participants considered the past to have lasted more than one year, two-third of the participants felt that the present represented a period less than one year.

A Directional Congruency Effect of Amplified Dilated Time Perception Induced by Looming Stimuli With Implied Motion Cues

2021 ◽  
Vol 128 (2) ◽  
pp. 585-604
Author(s):  
Joohee Seo ◽  
Euisun Kim ◽  
Sung-Ho Kim
Keyword(s):  
Time Perception ◽  
Congruency Effect ◽  
Motion Processing ◽  
Motion Direction ◽  
Temporal Asymmetry ◽  
Motion Cues ◽  
Implied Motion ◽  
Direction Of Movement ◽  
Perception Of Time ◽  
Temporal Bisection Task

The perception of time is not veridical, but, rather, it is susceptible to environmental context, like the intrinsic dynamics of moving stimuli. The direction of motion has been reported to affect time perception such that movement of objects toward an observer (i.e., looming stimuli) is perceived as longer in duration than movement of objects away from the observer (i.e., receding stimuli). In the current study we investigated whether this looming/receding temporal asymmetry can be modulated by the direction of movement implied by static cues of images. Participants were presented with images of a running person, rendered from either the front or the back (i.e., representing movement toward or away from the observer). In Experiment 1, the size of the images was constant. In Experiment 2, the image sizes varied (i.e., increasing: looming; or decreasing: receding). In both experiments, participants performed a temporal bisection task by judging the duration of the image presentation as “short” or “long”. In Experiment 1, we found no influence of implied-motion direction in the participants’ duration perceptions. In Experiment 2, however, participants overestimated the duration of the looming, as compared to the receding image in relation to real motion. This finding replicated previous findings of the looming/receding asymmetry using naturalistic human-character stimuli. Further, in Experiment 2 we observed a directional congruency effect between real and implied motion; stimuli were perceived as lasting longer when the directions of real and implied motion were congruent versus when these directions were incongruent. Thus, looming (versus receding) movement, a perceptually salient stimulus, elicits differential temporal processing, and higher-order motion processing integrates signals of real and implied motion in time perception.

scholarly journals Anticipation of aversive visual stimuli lengthens perceived temporal duration

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ville Johannes Harjunen ◽  
Michiel Spapé ◽  
Niklas Ravaja
Keyword(s):  
Visual Cues ◽  
Emotional State ◽  
Subjective Time ◽  
Bisection Task ◽  
Elapsed Time ◽  
Aversive Events ◽  
Electric Shocks ◽  
Temporal Bisection Task ◽  
Subjective Estimates ◽  
Perceived Duration

AbstractSubjective estimates of elapsed time are sensitive to the fluctuations in an emotional state. While it is well known that dangerous and threatening situations, such as electric shocks or loud noises, are perceived as lasting longer than safe events, it remains unclear whether anticipating a threatening event speeds up or slows down subjective time and what defines the direction of the distortion. We examined whether the anticipation of uncertain visual aversive events resulted in either underestimation or overestimation of perceived duration. The participants did a temporal bisection task, where they estimated durations of visual cues relative to previously learnt long and short standard durations. The colour of the to-be-timed visual cue signalled either a 50% or 0% probability of encountering an aversive image at the end of the interval. The cue durations were found to be overestimated due to anticipation of aversive images, even when no image was shown afterwards. Moreover, the overestimation was more pronounced in people who reported feeling more anxious while anticipating the image. These results demonstrate that anxiogenic anticipation of uncertain visual threats induce temporal overestimation, which questions a recently proposed view that temporal underestimation evoked by uncertain threats is due to anxiety.

scholarly journals Accumulation of Salient Perceptual Events Predicts Human Subjective Time

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maxine T. Sherman ◽  
Zafeirios Fountas ◽  
Anil K. Seth ◽  
Warrick Roseboom
Keyword(s):  
Time Perception ◽  
Sensory Processing ◽  
Computational Modelling ◽  
Subjective Time ◽  
Clock Time ◽  
Healthy Human ◽  
Time Estimates ◽  
Experience Of Time ◽  
Human Participants ◽  
Computational Basis

AbstractHuman experience of time exhibits systematic, context-dependent deviations from objective clock time, for example, time is experienced differently at work than on holiday. However, leading explanations of time perception are not equipped to explain these deviations. Here we test the idea that these deviations arise because time estimates are constructed by accumulating the same quantity that guides perception: salient events. To test this, healthy human participants watched naturalistic, silent videos and estimated their duration while fMRI was acquired. Using computational modelling, we show that accumulated events in visual, auditory and somatosensory cortex all predict ‘clock time’, but duration biases reflecting human experience of time could only be predicted from the region involved in modality-specific sensory processing: visual cortex. Our results reveal that human subjective time is based on information arising during the processing of our dynamic sensory environment, providing a computational basis for an end-to-end account of time perception.

De rol van subjectieve tijdbeleving in organisaties

2014 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael L.W. Vliek
Keyword(s):  
Subjective Experience ◽  
Subjective Time ◽  
Temporary Workers ◽  
Temporal Perspective ◽  
Specific Domain ◽  
Experience Of Time ◽  
Objective Distance ◽  
Time Away ◽  
Limited Duration

The role of subjective time in organizations: A temporal perspective on temporary workers’ commitment to the organization The role of subjective time in organizations: A temporal perspective on temporary workers’ commitment to the organization Time is often considered in terms of its function in structuring everyday events and experiences in a chronological order. However, the subjective experience of time (i.e., the experience of a temporal interval as either ‘short’ or ‘long’) does not always follow this more objective ‘clock time’. For some, the time until a deadline or end of a contract might be experienced as an eternity, while for others a similar interval might be experienced as relatively short. In the current contribution, I provide an overview of research on subjective time experience and relate these insights to a specific domain of inquiry: the motivation and commitment of employees who have contracts of limited duration, such as temporary workers or those close to their pension. Research suggests that shorter objective distance in time away from the end of a contract negatively influences the employee’s motivation and commitment. However, subjective distance may yield similar results. This difference is relevant given the ambiguity in mental representations of subjective durations which allows people to systematically alter such perceptions, thus providing a way in which motivation and commitment may be maintained.

scholarly journals Subjective experience of time in dementia with Lewy bodies during COVID-19 lockdown

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dylan Torboli ◽  
Giovanna Mioni ◽  
Cinzia Bussé ◽  
Annachiara Cagnin ◽  
Antonino Vallesi
Keyword(s):  
Dementia With Lewy Bodies ◽  
Subjective Experience ◽  
Time Pressure ◽  
Neuropsychiatric Symptoms ◽  
Lewy Bodies ◽  
Subjective Perception ◽  
Subjective Time ◽  
Experience Of Time ◽  
Perception Of Time ◽  
Patients Experience

Abstract Dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB) is a neurodegenerative disease characterized by cognitive, behavioral and motor symptoms and has a more challenging clinical management and poorer prognosis respect to other forms of dementia. The experience of lockdown leads to negative psychological outcomes for fragile people such as elderly with dementia, particularly for DLB, causing a worsening of cognitive and neuropsychiatric symptoms. An individual’s feeling of time passage is strongly related to her cognitive and emotional state. We therefore assessed the subjective experience of the passage of time for present and past time intervals (Subjective Time Questionnaire, STQ) during the lockdown due to coronavirus disease (COVID-19) in 23 patients with DLB (18 of which were re-tested in a post-lockdown period) and compared their experience with that of 21 caregivers with similar age and 46 younger university students. Patients showed a significantly slower perception of time and also reported feeling less time pressure. We argue that these alterations might be related to the distinctive features of DLB and their exacerbation recorded by the patients’ caregivers during the period of lockdown, though our results show that the patients’ experience of time passage in a post-lockdown period remained similarly slow. Overall, we show an impairment of the subjective perception of time passage in DLB tested during the COVID-19 lockdown.

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