The End of Resilience? Managing Vulnerability Through Temporal Resourcing and Resisting

2021 ◽  
pp. 104225872110538
Author(s):  
Oana Branzei ◽  
Ramzi Fathallah
Keyword(s):  
Subjective Experience ◽  
Coping Skills ◽  
Theory And Practice ◽  
Subjective Time ◽  
First Person ◽  
Step Process ◽  
Objective Time ◽  
Experience Of Time

We induce a first-person conceptualization of entrepreneurial resilience. Our seven-year, two-study ethnography shows that entrepreneurs enact resilience as a four-step process of managing vulnerability: they richly experience episodes of adversity, self-monitor across episodes, reassess personal thresholds and reconcile challenges with coping skills. Entrepreneurs manage vulnerability by (1) modifying ( stretching and shrinking) objective time and (2) changing their subjective experience of time as working with or against the clock through temporal resourcing or temporal resisting. We extend the theory and practice of entrepreneurial resilience by elaborating the interplay of objective and subjective time in managing vulnerability in recurrent and unprecedented crises.

scholarly journals The Varying Coherences of Implied Motion Modulates the Subjective Time Perception

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Feiming Li ◽  
Lei Wang ◽  
Lei Jia ◽  
Jiahao Lu ◽  
Youping Wu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Time Perception ◽  
Subjective Experience ◽  
Subjective Time ◽  
Implied Motion ◽  
Experience Of Time ◽  
Standard Duration ◽  
Mediating Factor ◽  
Temporal Bisection Task ◽  
Coherence Level ◽  
Perceived Duration

Previous research has demonstrated that duration of implied motion (IM) was dilated, whereas hMT+ activity related to perceptual processes on IM stimuli could be modulated by their motion coherence. Based on these findings, the present study aimed to examine whether subjective time perception of IM stimuli would be influenced by varying coherence levels. A temporal bisection task was used to measure the subjective experience of time, in which photographic stimuli showing a human moving in four directions (left, right, toward, or away from the viewer) were presented as probe stimuli. The varying coherence of these IM stimuli was manipulated by changing the percentage of pictures implying movement in one direction. Participants were required to judge whether the duration of probe stimulus was more similar to the long or short pre-presented standard duration. As predicted, the point of subjective equality was significantly modulated by the varying coherence of the IM stimuli, but not for no-IM stimuli. This finding suggests that coherence level might be a key mediating factor for perceived duration of IM images, and top-down perceptual stream from inferred motion could influence subjective experience of time perception.

scholarly journals Subjective experience of time in dementia with Lewy bodies during COVID-19 lockdown

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dylan Torboli ◽  
Giovanna Mioni ◽  
Cinzia Bussé ◽  
Annachiara Cagnin ◽  
Antonino Vallesi
Keyword(s):  
Dementia With Lewy Bodies ◽  
Subjective Experience ◽  
Neuropsychiatric Symptoms ◽  
Lewy Bodies ◽  
Subjective Perception ◽  
Subjective Time ◽  
Past Time ◽  
Experience Of Time ◽  
Perception Of Time ◽  
Patients Experience

AbstractDementia with Lewy bodies (DLB) is a neurodegenerative disease characterized by cognitive, behavioral and motor symptoms and has a more challenging clinical management and poorer prognosis compared to other forms of dementia. The experience of lockdown leads to negative psychological outcomes for fragile people such as elderly with dementia, particularly for DLB, causing a worsening of cognitive and neuropsychiatric symptoms. Since an individual’s feeling of time passage is strongly related to their cognitive and emotional state, it is conceivable to expect alterations of this construct in people with DLB during such a difficult period. We therefore assessed the subjective experience of the passage of time for present and past time intervals (Subjective Time Questionnaire, STQ) during the lockdown due to coronavirus disease (COVID−19) in 22 patients with DLB (17 of which were re-tested in a post-lockdown period) and compared their experience with that of 14 caregivers with similar age. Patients showed a significantly slower perception of present and past time spent under lockdown restrictions. We argue that these alterations might be related to the distinctive features of DLB and their exacerbation recorded by the patients’ caregivers during the period of lockdown, though our results show that the patients’ experience of time passage in a post-lockdown period remained similarly slow. Overall, we show an impairment of the subjective perception of time passage in DLB tested during the COVID-19 lockdown.

scholarly journals Laypeople’s Beliefs Affect their Reports about the Subjective Experience of Time

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 15-26
Author(s):  
Yee Mun Lee ◽  
Steve M. J. Janssen
Keyword(s):  
General Population ◽  
Subjective Experience ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Subjective Time ◽  
The Past ◽  
Experience Of Time ◽  
Speed Up ◽  
Time Periods ◽  
One Year

Because the general population may be familiar with the phenomenon that life appears to speed up as people become older, participants’ preconceptions may affect how they answer questionnaires about the subjective experience of time. To be able to account for these preconceptions in future research, we assessed laypeople’s beliefs about the phenomenon. Participants (N = 313) were asked whether they were familiar with the phenomenon, whether they experienced the phenomenon themselves, and what they thought that the cause or causes of the phenomenon might be. More than 80% of the participants had read or heard about the phenomenon prior to the study, suggesting that the phenomenon is well known among the general population. Furthermore, although most participants experienced the phenomenon themselves, familiarity with the phenomenon affected whether they felt that life appeared to be speeding up and whether time passed fast for them. Familiarity also affected whether participants attributed the phenomenon to changes in objective or subjective time but not the endorsement of the phenomenon’s causes. Finally, participants also had preconceptions about what time periods represent ‘the present’ and ‘the past’. Whereas nearly all participants considered the past to have lasted more than one year, two-third of the participants felt that the present represented a period less than one year.

De rol van subjectieve tijdbeleving in organisaties

2014 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael L.W. Vliek
Keyword(s):  
Subjective Experience ◽  
Subjective Time ◽  
Temporary Workers ◽  
Temporal Perspective ◽  
Specific Domain ◽  
Experience Of Time ◽  
Objective Distance ◽  
Time Away ◽  
Limited Duration

The role of subjective time in organizations: A temporal perspective on temporary workers’ commitment to the organization The role of subjective time in organizations: A temporal perspective on temporary workers’ commitment to the organization Time is often considered in terms of its function in structuring everyday events and experiences in a chronological order. However, the subjective experience of time (i.e., the experience of a temporal interval as either ‘short’ or ‘long’) does not always follow this more objective ‘clock time’. For some, the time until a deadline or end of a contract might be experienced as an eternity, while for others a similar interval might be experienced as relatively short. In the current contribution, I provide an overview of research on subjective time experience and relate these insights to a specific domain of inquiry: the motivation and commitment of employees who have contracts of limited duration, such as temporary workers or those close to their pension. Research suggests that shorter objective distance in time away from the end of a contract negatively influences the employee’s motivation and commitment. However, subjective distance may yield similar results. This difference is relevant given the ambiguity in mental representations of subjective durations which allows people to systematically alter such perceptions, thus providing a way in which motivation and commitment may be maintained.

scholarly journals Subjective experience of time in dementia with Lewy bodies during COVID-19 lockdown

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dylan Torboli ◽  
Giovanna Mioni ◽  
Cinzia Bussé ◽  
Annachiara Cagnin ◽  
Antonino Vallesi
Keyword(s):  
Dementia With Lewy Bodies ◽  
Subjective Experience ◽  
Time Pressure ◽  
Neuropsychiatric Symptoms ◽  
Lewy Bodies ◽  
Subjective Perception ◽  
Subjective Time ◽  
Experience Of Time ◽  
Perception Of Time ◽  
Patients Experience

Abstract Dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB) is a neurodegenerative disease characterized by cognitive, behavioral and motor symptoms and has a more challenging clinical management and poorer prognosis respect to other forms of dementia. The experience of lockdown leads to negative psychological outcomes for fragile people such as elderly with dementia, particularly for DLB, causing a worsening of cognitive and neuropsychiatric symptoms. An individual’s feeling of time passage is strongly related to her cognitive and emotional state. We therefore assessed the subjective experience of the passage of time for present and past time intervals (Subjective Time Questionnaire, STQ) during the lockdown due to coronavirus disease (COVID-19) in 23 patients with DLB (18 of which were re-tested in a post-lockdown period) and compared their experience with that of 21 caregivers with similar age and 46 younger university students. Patients showed a significantly slower perception of time and also reported feeling less time pressure. We argue that these alterations might be related to the distinctive features of DLB and their exacerbation recorded by the patients’ caregivers during the period of lockdown, though our results show that the patients’ experience of time passage in a post-lockdown period remained similarly slow. Overall, we show an impairment of the subjective perception of time passage in DLB tested during the COVID-19 lockdown.

Stimulus-Induced Temporal Illusions: When Awareness Is Mesmerized by Time

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 363-380
Author(s):  
Tutku Öztel ◽  
Fuat Balcı
Keyword(s):  
Time Perception ◽  
Subjective Experience ◽  
Walking Speed ◽  
Subjective Time ◽  
Temporal Modulation ◽  
Experience Of Time ◽  
Human Participants ◽  
Temporal Bisection Task ◽  
Temporal Illusions ◽  
Confidence Ratings

Our subjective experience of time intervals is susceptible to the effects of the various properties of the timed stimuli/events (e.g., motion, size, affect). For instance, subjective time is considerably lengthened when observing faster and shortened when observing slower walking animations. Such effects on perceived time have been investigated widely in the field. What we do not know based on these studies is if participants are aware of these sorts of stimulus-induced timing illusions. Thus, the current study, using confidence ratings, investigated whether the participants are aware of their largely biased time perception induced by the observed walking speed in a temporal bisection task. After each categorization of a probe interval as ‘short’ or ‘long’, we asked participants to rate their confidence level regarding their categorization. We reasoned that if participants were aware of their biased time perception, the temporal modulation of confidence ratings regarding their categorization performance would not change between different walking speed conditions. We found that confidence ratings closely tracked shifts in the psychometric functions suggesting that participants were not aware of the stimulus-induced warping of perceived time. We replicated these findings in a second experiment. Our results show that human participants are not aware of the stimulus-induced temporal illusions they experience.

Time and Temporality

2020 ◽  
pp. 458-480
Author(s):  
Benedict Taylor
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Subjective Experience ◽  
Human Life ◽  
Temporal Experience ◽  
Intimate Connection ◽  
Experience Of Time ◽  
Temporal Course ◽  
Nature Of Time ◽  
Poetic Metaphor ◽  
Century Thought

For the nineteenth century, music was commonly characterized as the “art of time,” and provided a particularly fertile medium for articulating concerns about the nature of time and the temporal experience of human life. This chapter examines some of the debates around music and time from the period, arranged thematically around a series of conceptual issues. These include the reasons proposed for the links between music and time, and the intimate connection between our subjective experience of time and music; the use of music as a poetic metaphor for the temporal course of history; its use by philosophers as an instrument for the explication of temporal conundrums; its alleged potential for overcoming time; its various forms of temporal signification across diverse genres; and the legacy of nineteenth-century thought on these topics today.

The causal involvement of the right supramarginal gyrus in the subjective experience of time: A hf-tRNS study

2021 ◽  
Vol 404 ◽  
pp. 113157
Author(s):  
Giulia Prete ◽  
Chiara Lucafò ◽  
Gianluca Malatesta ◽  
Luca Tommasi
Keyword(s):  
Subjective Experience ◽  
Supramarginal Gyrus ◽  
Experience Of Time ◽  
The Right

Discounting Time and Time Discounting: Subjective Time Perception and Intertemporal Preferences

2009 ◽  
Vol 46 (4) ◽  
pp. 543-556 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gal Zauberman ◽  
B. Kyu Kim ◽  
Selin A. Malkoc ◽  
James R. Bettman
Keyword(s):  
Time Perception ◽  
Hyperbolic Discounting ◽  
Subjective Time ◽  
Multiple Time ◽  
Subjective Perceptions ◽  
Objective Time ◽  
Trade Offs ◽  
Intertemporal Preferences ◽  
Constant Rate ◽  
Within Subjects

Consumers often make decisions about outcomes and events that occur over time. This research examines consumers' sensitivity to the prospective duration relevant to their decisions and the implications of such sensitivity for intertemporal trade-offs, especially the degree of present bias (i.e., hyperbolic discounting). The authors show that participants' subjective perceptions of prospective duration are not sufficiently sensitive to changes in objective duration and are nonlinear and concave in objective time, consistent with psychophysical principles. More important, this lack of sensitivity can explain hyperbolic discounting. The results replicate standard hyperbolic discounting effects with respect to objective time but show a relatively constant rate of discounting with respect to subjective time perceptions. The results are replicated between subjects (Experiment 1) and within subjects (Experiments 2), with multiple time horizons and multiple descriptors, and with different measurement orders. Furthermore, the authors show that when duration is primed, subjective time perception is altered (Experiment 4) and hyperbolic discounting is reduced (Experiment 3).

How do Past, Present and Future Weigh into Trajectories of Precarity? The Time Perspectives of Young Psychoactive Substance Users Living in Situations of Social Precarity in Montreal

2021 ◽  
pp. 104973232110516
Author(s):  
Vincent Wagner ◽  
Jorge Flores-Aranda ◽  
Ana Cecilia Villela Guilhon ◽  
Shane Knight ◽  
Karine Bertrand
Keyword(s):  
Subjective Experience ◽  
Time Perspective ◽  
Social Issues ◽  
Psychoactive Substance ◽  
Community Based ◽  
Substance Users ◽  
Human Needs ◽  
The Past ◽  
Occupational Integration ◽  
Experience Of Time

Young psychoactive substance users in social precarity are vulnerable to a range of health and social issues. Time perspective is one aspect to consider in supporting change. This study draws on the views expressed by young adults to portray their subjective experience of time, how this perception evolves and its implications for their substance use and socio-occupational integration trajectories. The sample includes 23 young psychoactive substance users ( M = 24.65 years old; 83% male) in social precarity frequenting a community-based harm reduction centre. Thematic analysis of the interviews reveals the past to be synonymous with disappointment and disillusionment, but also a constructive force. Participants expressed their present-day material and human needs as well as their need for recognition and a sense of control over their own destiny. Their limited ability to project into the future was also discussed. Avenues on how support to this population might be adapted are suggested.

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