AN ANALYSIS OF COHERENCE AND COHESION ON THE STUDENTS’ DESCRIPTIVE WRITING AT SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL IN CIREBON

<p><strong>Abstract</strong>: This study aimed to find out the usage of coherence and cohesion on the Students’ Descriptive Texts, especially in ten grader students at state senior high school in Cirebon. This study adopted thematic progression analysis to explore coherence in the students’ Descriptive text. This study was a qualitative study that used content analysis. The technique of collecting data was documentation from 46 students writing descriptive texts. The procedures were firstly collecting data, analyzing data, presenting data, and concluding the result of the study. Based on the analyzed data,1) 46 students’ writing descriptive text had grown the writing as the series of the stage in the descriptive text, using Identification and Description. Then, in analyzing coherence 2) 76% students got the coherence level is good, there are 19% in Fair, there are 2% in Less and 3% in Poor and in analyzing cohesion 3) there are 1052 cohesion markers that consist of 852 findings markers of grammatical cohesion (596 findings markers reference and 256 markers conjunction) and 200 markers of lexical cohesion (200 markers repetition).<br /><strong>Keywords</strong>: series of stage, coherence, cohesion</p>

The Role of Science High School Optional Curriculum and Knowledge Coherence in the Science Academic Success of Students in the First Year of University Studies

The purpose of the study is to investigate the relationships between the science high school optional curriculum, knowledge coherence, and science academic success of first-year students at university. The correlational quantitative approach, the structured questionnaire, and a non-random sample of students were selected to be used in the study. The study found a high positive correlation between science high school optional curriculum and science academic success variables (r = 0.608). It is also revealed that the total variance of science academic success explained by knowledge coherence level is 33.8%, the other variance may be explained by other variables. The study found that high school optional curriculum, as well as knowledge coherence, predicts science academic success.

A Random-Object-Kinematogram Plugin for Web-Based Research: Implementing Oriented Objects Enables Varying Coherence Levels and Stimulus Congruency Levels

One of the recent major advances in cognitive psychology and neuroscience research has been the option of web-based in addition to lab-based experimental research. This option fosters experimental research by increasing the pace and size of collecting data sets. Importantly, web-based research profits heavily from integrating tasks that are frequently applied in cognitive psychology and neuroscience into open access software. For instance, an open access random-dot kinematogram (RDK) plugin has recently been integrated into the jsPsych software for web-based research. This plugin allows researchers to implement experimental tasks with varying coherence levels (with that varying task difficulty) of moving dots or varying signal to noise ratios of colored dots. Here, we introduce the random-object kinematogram (ROK) plugin for the jsPsych software which, among other new features, enables researchers to include oriented objects (e.g., triangles or arrows) instead of dots as stimuli. This permits experiments with feature congruency (e.g., upwards moving triangles pointing upwards) or incongruency (e.g., upwards moving triangles pointing downwards), allowing to induce gradual degrees of stimulus interference, in addition to gradual degrees of task difficulty. We elaborate on possible set-ups with this plugin in two experiments examining participants' RTs and error rates on different combinations of coherence and congruency levels. Results showed increased RTs and error rates on trials with lower coherence percentages, and on trials with lower congruency levels. We discuss other new features of the ROK plugin and conclude that the possibility of gradually varying the coherence level and congruency level independently from each other, offers novel possibilities when conducting web-based experiments.

161 Sleep, Emotion, and Physical Activity in Older Adults Who Engage in Resonant Breathing Biofeedback

Introduction Resonant breathing (RB) biofeedback increases rhythmic heart-respiration coherence patterns and has been associated with improved emotional wellbeing, physiological health, and sleep quality (Lehrer et al, 2000). Sleep quality declines with age, which leads to emotion dysregulation, cognitive impairment, and poor physical health (Crowley, 2011). However, limited research has investigated the sleep characteristics of older adults who practice RB-biofeedback. Therefore, our study investigates this population’s sleep characteristics, emotional stability, and physical health. Methods Thirty-one healthy participants (24 Female; M=54.68 years, SD=9.74) who self-identified as RB-biofeedback experts completed a series of online questionnaires assessing history, frequency, and duration of practice, sleep (habits and quality), physical activity (frequency, duration, and intensity), and mood (depression symptoms). They also reported their typical coherence level achieved, which is a numerical composite value associated with the heart rhythm’s uniform sine-wave pattern at approximately .1HZ (McCraty et al., 2010). Results Using bivariate correlations, we found that poor sleep quality was positively correlated with stress (r = .954, p = .001), poor sleep hygiene (r = .591, p &lt; .001), severe sleepiness (r = .518, p = .003), emotion dysregulation (r = .511, p = .004), depressive symptoms (r = .089, p &lt; .001), and negatively correlated with subjective happiness (r = .511, p &lt; .003). Severe sleepiness was negatively correlated with older adults’ enhanced physical fitness (r = .612, p &lt; .001), and poor sleep hygiene was positively correlated with depressive symptoms (r = .503, p = .004). We found no significant correlations between coherence level, mood, physical activity, or sleep measures. Conclusion We found significant associations between healthy sleep habits and emotional wellbeing. Those with better sleep quality and more positive sleep habits also had fewer depression symptoms. Moreover, those categorized as more athletic reported lower levels of severe sleepiness, suggesting that physical activity may be a protective factor for sleep in older adults. We did not find a relation between coherence level and sleep, or physical activity. These null results may be due to the high expertise level of the subject sample. Future studies should compare results to older adults who do not practice RB-biofeedback. Support (if any) Undergraduate Research Opportunity Program

The Varying Coherences of Implied Motion Modulates the Subjective Time Perception

Previous research has demonstrated that duration of implied motion (IM) was dilated, whereas hMT+ activity related to perceptual processes on IM stimuli could be modulated by their motion coherence. Based on these findings, the present study aimed to examine whether subjective time perception of IM stimuli would be influenced by varying coherence levels. A temporal bisection task was used to measure the subjective experience of time, in which photographic stimuli showing a human moving in four directions (left, right, toward, or away from the viewer) were presented as probe stimuli. The varying coherence of these IM stimuli was manipulated by changing the percentage of pictures implying movement in one direction. Participants were required to judge whether the duration of probe stimulus was more similar to the long or short pre-presented standard duration. As predicted, the point of subjective equality was significantly modulated by the varying coherence of the IM stimuli, but not for no-IM stimuli. This finding suggests that coherence level might be a key mediating factor for perceived duration of IM images, and top-down perceptual stream from inferred motion could influence subjective experience of time perception.

Effects of Temporal Expectations on the Perception of Motion Gestalts

Gestalt psychology has traditionally ignored the role of attention in perception, leading to the view that autonomous processes create perceptual configurations that are then attended. More recent research, however, has shown that spatial attention influences a form of Gestalt perception: the coherence of random-dot kinematograms (RDKs). Using ERPs, we investigated whether temporal expectations exert analogous attentional effects on the perception of coherence level in RDKs. Participants were presented fixed-length sequences of RDKs and reported the coherence level of a target RDK. The target was indicated immediately after its appearance by a postcue. Target expectancy increased as the sequence progressed until target presentation; afterward, remaining RDKs were perceived without target expectancy. Expectancy influenced the amplitudes of ERP components P1 and N2. Crucially, expectancy interacted with coherence level at N2, but not at P1. Specifically, P1 amplitudes decreased linearly as a function of RDK coherence irrespective of expectancy, whereas N2 exhibited a quadratic dependence on coherence: larger amplitudes for RDKs with intermediate coherence levels, and only when they were expected. These results suggest that expectancy at early processing stages is an unspecific, general readiness for perception. At later stages, expectancy becomes stimulus specific and nonlinearly related to Gestalt coherence.

The Role of Science High School Optional Curriculum and Knowledge Coherence in the Science Academic Success of Students in the First Year of University Studies

The purpose of the study is to investigate the relationships between the science high school optional curriculum, knowledge coherence, and science academic success of first-year students at university. The correlational quantitative approach, the structured questionnaire, and a non-random sample of students were selected to be used in the study. The study found a high positive correlation between science high school optional curriculum and science academic success variables (r = .608). It is also revealed that the total variance of science academic success explained by knowledge coherence level is 33.8%, the other variance may be explained by other variables. The study found that high school optional curriculum, as well as knowledge coherence, predicts science academic success.

Astronomical masers and Dicke’s superradiance

ABSTRACT We consider the radiation properties and processes of a gas with a population inversion using the formalism based on the Maxwell–Bloch equations. We focus on the maser action and Dicke’s superradiance to establish their relationship in the overall radiation process during the temporal evolution of the system as a function of position. We show that the maser action and superradiance are not competing phenomena but are rather complementary and define two distinct limits for the intensity of radiation. Masers characterize the quasi-steady state limit, when the population inversion density and the polarization amplitude vary on time-scales longer than those of non-coherent processes affecting their evolution (e.g. collisions), while superradiance defines the fast transient regime taking place when these conditions are reversed. We show how a transition from a maser regime to superradiance will take place whenever a critical threshold for the column density of the population inversion is reached, at which point a strong level of coherence is established in the system and a powerful burst of radiation can ensue during the transient regime. This critical level also determines the spatial region where a transition from the unsaturated to the saturated maser regimes will take place; superradiance can thus be seen as the intermediary between the two. We also quantify the gain in radiation intensity attained during the superradiance phase relative to the two maser regimes and show how the strong coherence level during superradiance is well suited to explain observations that reveal intense and fast radiation flares in maser-hosting regions.

MACRO COHERENCE LEVEL ON STUDENTS’ SCIENTIFIC PAPER

Purposely contemplating at seventh semester students of English Education Study Progam, it is perceived that students exhibit a lack of skills in use of rhetoric, predominantly making errors in the use of words and phrases, directly translating words from Bahasa Indonesia to English – interlanguage error – and organizing their written text inadequately. Moreover, it is discovered that the viewpoints of the students frequently shift. To address this, this current study aims at investigating students’ macro-level coherence in their academic writing (henceforth; background of the study of a research proposal). A content analysis is applied including documents. Additionally, a descriptive analysis design is used to guide this study. There are six research proposals investigated to gain the data of this study. These proposals are taken purposively sampled from proposals submission from early 2018 intake. There are two main frameworks in this study. Firstly, the academic writing guidance book is used to analyze the rhetoric/organization of the paper. Secondly, the coherence analysis is applied to evaluate students’ coherence level. Analysis of findings shows that students encounter some problems in the coherence of English research proposal writing. Hence, it is argued that close attention should be paid to the refinement and suitable tutoring of coherence in the teaching of academic English writing

Limited Attention Diminishes Spatial Suppression From Large Field Glass Patterns

Glass patterns (GPs) consist of randomly distributed dot pairs (dipoles) whose orientations are determined by specific geometric transforms. We investigated the role of visuospatial attention in the processing of global form from GPs by measuring the effect of distraction on adaptation to GPs. In the nondistracted condition, observers were adapted to coherent GPs. After the adaptation period, they were presented with a test GP divided in two halves along the vertical and were required to judge which side of the test GP was more coherent. In the attention-distracted condition, a high-load rapid serial visual presentation task was performed during the adapting period. The magnitude of the form after-effect was measured using a technique that measures the coherence level at which the test GP appears random. The rationale was that if attention has a modulatory effect on the spatial summation of dipoles, in the attention-distracted condition, we should expect a weaker form after-effect. However, the results showed stronger form after-effect in the attention-distracted condition than in the nondistracted condition, suggesting that distraction during adaptation increases the strength of form adaptation. Additional experiments suggested that distraction may reduce the spatial suppression from large-scale textures, strengthening the spatial summation of local-oriented signals.