Criterion Validity of the Implicit Positive and Negative Affect Test: Prediction of Facial Affect Perception

This study focused on the criterion-related validity of the Implicit Positive and Negative Affect Test (IPANAT). The IPANAT is thought to be a measure of automatic activation of cognitive representations of affects. In this study, it was investigated whether implicit affect scores differentially predict ratings of facial emotions over and above explicit affectivity. Ninety-six young female participants completed the IPANAT, the Positive and Negative Affect Schedule (PANAS) as an explicit measure of state and trait affectivity, and a task for the perception of facial emotions. Implicit negative affect predicted the perception of negative but not positive facial emotions, whereas implicit positive affect predicted the perception of positive but not negative facial emotions. The observed double-dissociation in the correlational pattern strongly supports the validity of the IPANAT as a measure of implicit affectivity and is indicative of the orthogonality and thus functional distinctness of the two affect dimensions of the IPANAT. Moreover, such affect-congruent correlations were absent for explicit affect scales, which additionally supports the incremental validity of the IPANAT.

Download Full-text

Implicit Affect and Autonomous Nervous System Reactions: A Review of Research Using the Implicit Positive and Negative Affect Test

Frontiers in Psychology ◽

10.3389/fpsyg.2019.01634 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 10 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Anna-Sophie Weil ◽

Gina Patricia Hernández ◽

Thomas Suslow ◽

Markus Quirin

Keyword(s):

Nervous System ◽

Negative Affect ◽

Autonomous Nervous System ◽

Positive And Negative Affect ◽

Implicit Affect

Download Full-text

Implicit affectivity in clinically depressed patients during acute illness and recovery

BMC Psychiatry ◽

10.1186/s12888-019-2365-3 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 19 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Thomas Suslow ◽

Charlott Maria Bodenschatz ◽

Anette Kersting ◽

Markus Quirin ◽

Vivien Günther

Keyword(s):

Negative Affect ◽

Antidepressant Medication ◽

Process Models ◽

Dual Process ◽

Positive And Negative Affect ◽

Healthy Controls ◽

Depressed Patients ◽

Implicit Affect ◽

Clinically Depressed ◽

Implicit And Explicit

Abstract Background Clinical depression is characterized by high levels of negative affect (NA) and attenuated positive affect (PA). Psychological and pharmacological treatments have been shown to reduce NA and to enhance PA in depressed patients. Following dual-process models, two types of affect can be distinguished: explicit (or self-reported) affect, which is formed by conscious reflections, and implicit affect, which relates to automatic affective reactions. The present study was conducted to examine, for the first time, both implicit and explicit affectivity in patients suffering from acute depression. Moreover, changes in patients’ implicit and explicit affectivity were investigated over the course of inpatient treatment. Methods Thirty-nine patients suffering from major depression and 39 healthy individuals participated in the study. Implicit affectivity was assessed using the Implicit Positive and Negative Affect Test. The explicit state and trait affectivity were measured by the Positive and Negative Affect Schedule. The level of depressive symptoms was assessed with the Beck Depression Inventory. Tests were administered to patients after admission and after 7 weeks of therapy, whereas healthy controls were investigated only once. We examined whether either comorbidity or antidepressant medication has an effect on affectivity. Results Patients with acute depression had lower implicit and explicit PA scores and higher implicit and explicit NA scores than the healthy controls. After treatment, patients’ level of depression decreased significantly. At posttreatment, patients exhibited heightened implicit and explicit PA and diminished explicit trait NA. Independent of antidepressant medication and comorbidity, no significant change in implicit NA was observed over the course of treatment. Implicit NA was correlated with explicit NA in acute depression but not during recovery. Conclusions Acute depression appears to be characterized by decreased implicit and explicit PA and increased implicit and explicit NA. After 7 weeks of treatment, depressed patients’ implicit and explicit PA increased, and explicit trait NA decreased. No decrease in implicit NA and explicit state NA occurred over the course of treatment. Finally, it seems that in the state of acute depression, the interplay between the automatic and reflective systems could be increased for negative affectivity.

Download Full-text

Positive and negative affect differentially influence identification of facial emotions

Depression and Anxiety ◽

10.1002/da.10136 ◽

2004 ◽

Vol 19 (1) ◽

pp. 31-34 ◽

Cited By ~ 29

Author(s):

Nicholas J. Coupland ◽

Ryan A. Sustrik ◽

Patricia Ting ◽

Daniel Li ◽

Misha Hartfeil ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Negative Affect ◽

Positive And Negative Affect ◽

Facial Emotions

Download Full-text

A Cross-Cultural Validation of the Implicit Positive and Negative Affect Test (IPANAT)

European Journal of Psychological Assessment ◽

10.1027/1015-5759/a000315 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 34 (1) ◽

pp. 52-63 ◽

Cited By ~ 14

Author(s):

Markus Quirin ◽

Monika Wróbel ◽

Andrea Norcini Pala ◽

Stefan Stieger ◽

Jos Brosschot ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Negative Affect ◽

Indirect Measurement ◽

Cross Cultural ◽

Self Report ◽

Positive And Negative Affect ◽

Artificial Language ◽

Affective States ◽

Good Reliability ◽

Automatic Activation ◽

Cultural Validation

Abstract. Self-report measures of affect come with a number of difficulties that can be circumvented by using indirect measurement procedures. The Implicit Positive and Negative Affect Test (IPANAT) is a recently developed measure of automatic activation of representations of affective states and traits that draws on participants’ ratings of the extent to which nonsense words purportedly originating from an artificial language bear positive or negative meaning. Here we compared psychometric properties of this procedure across 10 countries and provide versions in corresponding languages (Chinese, Dutch, English, French, German, Italian, Polish, Russian, and Spanish). The results suggest good reliability, metric invariance, and construct validity across countries and languages. The IPANAT thus turns out as a useful tool for the indirect assessment of affect in different languages and cultures.

Download Full-text

Existential Threat: Uncovering Implicit Affect in Response to Terror Reminders in Soldiers

Frontiers in Psychology ◽

10.3389/fpsyg.2021.585854 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 12 ◽

Author(s):

Markus Quirin ◽

Farhood Malekzad ◽

Miguel Kazén ◽

Udo Luckey ◽

Hugo Kehr

Keyword(s):

Negative Affect ◽

Positive Affect ◽

Positive And Negative Affect ◽

Terrorist Threat ◽

Psychological Science ◽

Hard Time ◽

Implicit Affect ◽

Affective Processes ◽

Self Reports

Psychological science has a hard time assessing affective processes of the individuals that they may not recognize or do not like to report on. Here, the authors used the Implicit Positive and Negative Affect Test (IPANAT; Quirin et al., 2009) to investigate whether reminders of an existential threat induce unpleasant implicit affect in soldiers waiting for their deployment to a country with high levels of terrorist threat, Afghanistan. As expected, relative to reminding participants of a television evening, implicit negative affect was higher and implicit positive affect was lower after reminding participants of terror acts performed in different cities. No significant effects were found in self-reports of negative or positive affect. Our findings suggest that reminders of existential threat can elicit implicit negative affect that individuals may not report on explicitly and thus, validate the IPANAT as an easily applicable measure in emotional contexts.

Download Full-text

Is implicit affect distorted by self-presentation motives?: Using Implicit Positive and Negative Affect Test (IPANAT)

The Proceedings of the Annual Convention of the Japanese Psychological Association ◽

10.4992/pacjpa.78.0_1ev-1-007 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 78 (0) ◽

pp. 1EV-1-007-1EV-1-007

Author(s):

Yukako Nakano ◽

Tsutomu Fujii ◽

Takafumi Sawaumi ◽

Atsushi Aikawa

Keyword(s):

Negative Affect ◽

Positive And Negative Affect ◽

Self Presentation ◽

Implicit Affect

Download Full-text

The Factor Structure and Measurement Invariance of Positive and Negative Affect

European Journal of Psychological Assessment ◽

10.1027/1015-5759/a000252 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 32 (4) ◽

pp. 265-272 ◽

Cited By ~ 10

Author(s):

Mohsen Joshanloo ◽

Ali Bakhshi

Keyword(s):

Negative Affect ◽

Measurement Invariance ◽

Factor Structure ◽

Factor Model ◽

Positive And Negative Affect ◽

Cultural Groups ◽

Invariance Testing ◽

The Usa ◽

Scalar Invariance ◽

Gender Groups

Abstract. This study investigated the factor structure and measurement invariance of the Mroczek and Kolarz’s scales of positive and negative affect in Iran (N = 2,391) and the USA (N = 2,154), and across gender groups. The two-factor model of affect was supported across the groups. The results of measurement invariance testing confirmed full metric and partial scalar invariance of the scales across cultural groups, and full metric and full scalar invariance across gender groups. The results of latent mean analysis revealed that Iranians scored lower on positive affect and higher on negative affect than Americans. The analyses also showed that American men scored significantly lower than American women on negative affect. The significance and implications of the results are discussed.

Download Full-text