scholarly journals “Bumps in the Road”: A Pilot Study of a Therapeutic Technique for the Integration of Unresolved Family Loss and Trauma

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gabriella J. Watts ◽  
Andrew J. Lewis ◽  
Irene G. Serfaty
Keyword(s):  
Adult Attachment Interview ◽  
Narrative Coherence ◽  
Coding System ◽  
Defensive Processing ◽  
The Road ◽  
Therapist Competence ◽  
Drawing Task ◽  
Family Narratives ◽  
Externalising Symptoms ◽  
Family Loss

The ability to sustain a coherent narrative about experiences of trauma and loss is a prominent feature of secure-autonomous attachment states of mind as assessed in narrative tasks such as the Adult Attachment Interview. The current study examines the clinical application of the concepts of narrative coherence and discourse segregation within a therapeutic intervention for whole families. Bumps in the Road is a family drawing task, which aims to facilitate the co-construction of family narratives about adversities such as trauma, loss and hardship. The technique aims to increase the family’s narrative coherence about such challenging events. The paper first presents a description of the task itself together with the discourse theories of defensive processing of adverse events. The study also presents pilot quantitative findings from 19 parents on the psychometric properties of a coding system of the families’ discourses in undertaking the task and the therapist’s techniques in administering the task. The predictive association of coding of the narratives were examined as predictors of change in internalising and externalising symptoms in the referred child, using the Child Behaviour Checklist. Findings showed that therapist competence in administration of the task did significantly predict the magnitude of treatment efficacy. The current study is the first presentation of this novel therapeutic task and sets a platform for further research on the use of narrative tasks and the formal coding of discourse in therapeutic work with children and families.

Urban Street Addressing: A Means for Managing Historic Urban Precincts of India

2016 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 170-190
Author(s):  
Rajdeep Routh ◽  
Dhruma Bhavsar
Keyword(s):  
Prospective Study ◽  
Coding System ◽  
Numbering System ◽  
Urban Street ◽  
The Road ◽  
Old City ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Independence Era ◽  
The City ◽  
City Centres

The historic precinct of Ahmedabad has a numbering system that was put in place by colonial rulers and got followed in the post-Independence era. The growth of the city around the historic precinct as well as increase of population has led to a number of issues regarding the existing numbering systems. The demographic explosion has resulted in an undesired development within the historic precincts across various cities in India. Such a scenario has made the existing system redundant as the density of building fabric has increased, within the areas, leading to inconsistent numbering systems. While the road hierarchy as well as the numbering system outside the historic precinct differs from that of the old city, centres have led to the difference between the naming and numbering system of the roads inside and outside the old city area. Most of the streets, except the main, have no nomenclature; also, the streets with names have no particular logic or framework behind the naming system. The aim of this prospective study would be to understand and analyze the street addressing approaches and their benefits within the historic precincts, with a focus on the old core of Ahmedabad. The approach of the article would be to understand the various applications of street addressing, especially within historic precincts, and understand the benefits presented by the system. The article will end with the implementation of street addressing at Ahmedabad and what would be the phases of implementation. Furthermore, devising a sample coding system for a particular area of historic Ahmedabad would support this understanding.

scholarly journals Advances in research on attachment-related psychotherapy processes: seven teaching points for trainees and supervisors

2019 ◽  
Vol 22 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Alessandro Talia ◽  
Svenja Taubner ◽  
Madeleine Miller-Bottome
Keyword(s):  
Attachment Theory ◽  
Reflective Functioning ◽  
Psychotherapy Research ◽  
Psychotherapy Training ◽  
Adult Attachment Interview ◽  
Coding System ◽  
Two Measures ◽  
Practical Guidance ◽  
The Rich ◽  
Therapy Sessions

While the rich body of attachment theory and research has inspired many psychotherapists, trainees and less experienced clinicians interested in attachment-informed work can often feel unsure about what processes are attachment-related and how to attend to them during therapy. Recent advances in attachment-informed psychotherapy research offer some practical guidance. Studies published over the last five years show that patients and therapists of different attachment classifications communicate in distinct ways during therapy sessions. In particular, Talia and his colleagues have introduced the Patient Attachment Coding System and the Therapist Attunement Scales, two measures that accurately predict patients’ and therapists’ Adult Attachment Interview and Reflective Functioning score based on the occurrence of distinct communication markers during therapy sessions. This paper discusses the implications of these recent studies for psychotherapy training and presents seven teaching points for supervisors and for the next generation of clinicians.

scholarly journals Atypical dimensions of caregiver–adolescent interaction in an economically disadvantaged sample

2017 ◽  
Vol 29 (2) ◽  
pp. 405-416 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roger Kobak ◽  
Kristyn Zajac ◽  
Caroline Abbott ◽  
Abby Zisk ◽  
Nadia Bounoua
Keyword(s):  
Risk Behaviors ◽  
Economically Disadvantaged ◽  
Externalizing Behaviors ◽  
Adult Attachment Interview ◽  
Maladaptive Behavior ◽  
Coding System ◽  
Male Adolescents ◽  
State Of Mind ◽  
Unprotected Sexual Activity ◽  
Disadvantaged Families

AbstractThe Goal-Corrected Partnership Adolescent Coding System (GPACS) has shown promise in assessing a secure as well as three atypical patterns of parent–adolescent interaction during a conflict discussion. The current study of 186 economically disadvantaged families examines the degree to which four GPACS patterns: secure/collaborative, hostile/punitive, role confused, and disoriented, prospectively predict adolescents’ social competence and maladaptive behavior (internalizing, externalizing, and risk behaviors) at age 15 years after controlling for these social behaviors at age 13 years and contemporaneous GPACS scores. Adolescents from secure/collaborative dyads at age 13 were more likely to have a secure state of mind in the Adult Attachment Interview at age 15 and showed higher levels of teachers’ ratings of empathy and lower levels of teachers’ ratings of externalizing behaviors at age 15 years. Adolescents in disoriented dyads showed higher levels of teacher-rated internalizing problems, while male adolescents in role confused dyads reported higher levels of involvement in risk behaviors, including unprotected sexual activity and substance use problems.

Movement and Emotional Facial Expressions during the Adult Attachment Interview: Interaction Effects of Attachment and Anxiety Disorder

2021 ◽  
Vol 54 (1) ◽  
pp. 47-58
Author(s):  
Uwe Altmann ◽  
Catharina Friemann ◽  
Theresa S. Frank ◽  
Mareike C. Sittler ◽  
Désirée Schoenherr ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Emotion Regulation ◽  
Anxiety Disorder ◽  
Facial Expressions ◽  
Adult Attachment ◽  
Interaction Effects ◽  
Adult Attachment Interview ◽  
Psychological Disorder ◽  
Coding System ◽  
Emotional Facial Expressions ◽  
Parental Figures

Introduction: Adult attachment is commonly associated with emotion regulation. Less is known about the nonverbal embodiment of adult attachment. Objective: We hypothesized that dismissing attachment is related to less movement and fewer facial expressions of emotions, whereas preoccupied attachment is associated with more negative emotional facial expressions. Moreover, the interaction of attachment and the presence of an anxiety disorder (AD) was explored. Methods: The sample included 95 individuals, 21 with AD without comorbidity, 21 with AD and comorbid major depression (AD-CD), and 53 healthy controls. We analyzed nonverbal behavior during a part of the Adult Attachment Interview (AAI) asking about the family and parental figures. The movements of the interviewees were captured via Motion Energy Analysis. Facial expressions were coded according to the Facial Action Coding System using the OpenFace software. We compared individuals with secure, dismissing, and preoccupied states of mind (assessed with the AAI) with regard to the frequency and complexity of movements and the frequency of the facial expressions such as happy, sad, and contemptuous. Results: As expected, dismissingly attached individuals moved less often and with lower complexity than securely attached. For emotional facial expressions, a main effect of the disorder group and interaction effects of attachment by disorder were found. In the AD-CD group, dismissingly attached patients showed comparatively fewer happy facial expressions than securely attached individuals. Conclusions: Reduced movement specifically seems to be related to dismissing attachment when interviewees talk about significant parental figures. Facial expressions of emotions related to attachment occurred when maladaptive emotion regulation strategies were intensified by a psychological disorder.

scholarly journals Engaging Brazilian Street Children in Play: Observations of Their Family Narratives

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Leticia Castrechini Fernandes Franieck ◽  
Michael Günter ◽  
Timothy Page
Keyword(s):  
Middle Class ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Close Relationships ◽  
Street Children ◽  
The Other ◽  
School Age ◽  
Narrative Coherence ◽  
Vulnerable Children ◽  
Family Narratives ◽  
Family Based

Story stem assessments allow children to create narratives in response to brief portrayals of family-based relational challenges. These methods can provide insights into children’s perceptions of close relationships, which is particularly useful for vulnerable children. We conducted a feasibility study of story stem assessments with school-age street children—a previously unstudied population—to explore whether they would understand family-based story scenarios similarly to children in more stable families. Comparisons to children in low income and middle-class conditions were made on the basis of performance characteristics and “narrative coherence.” Street children demonstrated capacities to elaborate family narratives nearly as proficiently as children in the other groups, yet they also displayed unique vulnerabilities. Implications for research with this population are discussed.

scholarly journals The Meaning of the Child Interview: A new procedure for assessing and understanding parent–child relationships of ‘at-risk’ families

2016 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 204-218 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ben Grey ◽  
Steve Farnfield
Keyword(s):  
Theoretical Background ◽  
Adult Attachment Interview ◽  
Coding System ◽  
Parental Sensitivity ◽  
Child Interview ◽  
Parent Development ◽  
Fatal Child Abuse ◽  
Parent Child Relationships ◽  
Care Index ◽  
Parent Child

Reder and Duncan’s well-known studies of the 1990s on fatal child abuse drew attention to how parental scripts regarding their children could dangerously distort relationships in ways that were sometimes fatal to children. This article reports on a new system for assessing the ‘meaning of the child to the parent’, called the Meaning of the Child Interview (MotC). Parents are interviewed using the established Parent Development Interview, or equivalent, and the transcript of the interview is then analysed according to parental sensitivity and likely risk to the child. The MotC constructs were developed from those used in observed parent–child interaction (specifically, the CARE-Index) and the form of discourse analysis used in the Dynamic Maturational Model – Adult Attachment Interview, allowing a more systemic and inter-subjective understanding of parenting representations than often put forward. This article discusses the theoretical background to the MotC, gives a brief review of similar measures and then introduces the coding system and patterns of caregiving. The validity of the MotC is addressed elsewhere.

scholarly journals Current Technologies in Depolymerization Process and the Road Ahead

Polymers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 449
Author(s):  
Yu Miao ◽  
Annette von Jouanne ◽  
Alexandre Yokochi
Keyword(s):  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Accumulation Rate ◽  
Coding System ◽  
Plastic Pollution ◽  
Promising Technique ◽  
Gaseous Fuels ◽  
The Road ◽  
Pollution Problem ◽  
Rapid Accumulation

Although plastic is considered an indispensable commodity, plastic pollution is a major concern around the world due to its rapid accumulation rate, complexity, and lack of management. Some political policies, such as the Chinese import ban on plastic waste, force us to think about a long-term solution to eliminate plastic wastes. Converting waste plastics into liquid and gaseous fuels is considered a promising technique to eliminate the harm to the environment and decrease the dependence on fossil fuels, and recycling waste plastic by converting it into monomers is another effective solution to the plastic pollution problem. This paper presents the critical situation of plastic pollution, various methods of plastic depolymerization based on different kinds of polymers defined in the Society of the Plastics Industry (SPI) Resin Identification Coding System, and the opportunities and challenges in the future.

Changing the Adult State of Mind With Respect to Attachment: An Exploratory Study of the Role of EMDR Psychotherapy

2019 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 176-186 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cristina Civilotti ◽  
Martina Cussino ◽  
Chiara Callerame ◽  
Isabel Fernandez ◽  
Maria Zaccagnino
Keyword(s):  
Exploratory Study ◽  
Adult Attachment Interview ◽  
Mechanisms Of Change ◽  
Narrative Coherence ◽  
Internal Working Model ◽  
Traumatic Memories ◽  
Internal Working ◽  
State Of Mind ◽  
Emdr Therapy

We aimed to assess changes in the attachment internal working model and reflective function (RF) as mechanisms of change in eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) treatment for patients with traumatic memories. Twenty adult female patients with parenting and relational problems participated in the study. Attachment organization was assessed with the Adult Attachment Interview (AAI) and the RF coding scale pre- and posttreatment. We found that EMDR therapy increased patients' narrative coherence and RF. We noted a significant decrease in the number of participants classified as unresolved following the course of EMDR treatment in which loss and/or trauma were resolved. This article summarizes the changes after EMDR therapy regarding attachment status and its efficacy to reprocess early traumatic memories in a more adaptive way. Finally, our results also support the usefulness of the AAI as a tool for understanding the changing processes during a therapeutic treatment.

Seeking to uncover biology's chemical roots

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (5) ◽  
pp. 435-443 ◽  
Author(s):  
Addy Pross
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Changes ◽  
Biological Systems ◽  
Significant Development ◽  
The Road ◽  
Physical Chemical ◽  
Systems Chemistry ◽  
Biological World ◽  
Inanimate Matter ◽  
The Origin Of Life ◽  
Opening Up

Despite the considerable advances in molecular biology over the past several decades, the nature of the physical–chemical process by which inanimate matter become transformed into simplest life remains elusive. In this review, we describe recent advances in a relatively new area of chemistry, systems chemistry, which attempts to uncover the physical–chemical principles underlying that remarkable transformation. A significant development has been the discovery that within the space of chemical potentiality there exists a largely unexplored kinetic domain which could be termed dynamic kinetic chemistry. Our analysis suggests that all biological systems and associated sub-systems belong to this distinct domain, thereby facilitating the placement of biological systems within a coherent physical/chemical framework. That discovery offers new insights into the origin of life process, as well as opening the door toward the preparation of active materials able to self-heal, adapt to environmental changes, even communicate, mimicking what transpires routinely in the biological world. The road to simplest proto-life appears to be opening up.

Community Colleges: Vital Partners on the Road to Diversity

ASHA Leader ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 14-17 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shelly S. Chabon ◽  
Ruth E. Cain
Keyword(s):  
Community Colleges ◽  
The Road ◽  
On The Road
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