scholarly journals Hands Down: Cognate Effects Persist During Written Word Production

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Evy Woumans ◽  
Robin Clauws ◽  
Wouter Duyck
Keyword(s):  
Lexical Access ◽  
Interaction Effect ◽  
Word Production ◽  
Auditory Comprehension ◽  
Facilitation Effect ◽  
Written Production ◽  
Co Activation ◽  
Production Research ◽  
Low Constraint ◽  
Written Word

Words that share form and meaning across two or more languages (i.e., cognates) are generally processed faster than control words (non-cognates) by bilinguals speaking these languages. This so-called cognate effect is considered to be a demonstration of language non-selectivity during bilingual lexical access. Still, research up till now has focused mainly on visual and auditory comprehension. For production, research is almost exclusively limited to speech, leaving written production out of the equation. Hence, the goal of the current study was to examine whether bilinguals activate representations from both languages during typewriting. Dutch-English bilinguals completed second-language written sentences with names of displayed pictures. Low-constraint sentences yielded a cognate facilitation effect, whereas high-constraint sentences did not. These findings suggest that co-activation of similar words across languages also occurs during written production, just as in reading and speaking. Also, the interaction effect with sentence constraint shows that grammatical and semantic sentence restrictions may overrule interlingual facilitation effects.

scholarly journals Parallel language activation during word processing in bilinguals: Evidence from word production in sentence context

2013 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 258-276 ◽  
Author(s):  
PETER A. STARREVELD ◽  
ANNETTE M. B. DE GROOT ◽  
BART M. M. ROSSMARK ◽  
JANET G. VAN HELL
Keyword(s):  
Word Recognition ◽  
Picture Naming ◽  
Word Processing ◽  
Word Production ◽  
Target Language ◽  
Parallel Language ◽  
Production Studies ◽  
Co Activation ◽  
Language Activation ◽  
Low Constraint

In two picture-naming experiments we examined whether bilinguals co-activate the non-target language during word production in the target language. The pictures were presented out-of-context (Experiment 1) or in visually presented sentence contexts (Experiment 2). In both experiments different participant groups performed the task in Dutch, their native language (L1), or in English, their second language (L2). The pictures’ names were Dutch–English cognates or non-cognates, the cognate effect serving as the marker of activation of the non-target language. In Experiment 2 we also examined the effect of sentence constraint. In both experiments a cognate effect occurred, but it was modulated by language and sentence constraint: The effect was larger in L2 than in L1, larger with low-constraint sentences than with high-constraint sentences, and disappeared in the high-constraint L1 condition. These results extend earlier bilingual word-recognition and out-of-context production studies, suggesting that also during word production in context, co-activation of the non-target language occurs.

Phonological and grammatical class cohorts in word production

2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 68-97
Author(s):  
Pauline Pellet Cheneval ◽  
Marina Laganaro
Keyword(s):  
Naming Task ◽  
Word Production ◽  
Lexical Selection ◽  
Cohort Size ◽  
Grammatical Category ◽  
Facilitation Effect ◽  
Grammatical Class ◽  
Word Onset ◽  
Lexical Hypothesis ◽  
Healthy Participants

Abstract The lexical or sub-lexical loci of facilitation of word production by phonological cueing/priming are debated. We investigate whether phonological cues facilitate word production at the level of lexical selection by manipulating the size of the cohort of word onsets matching the cue. In the framework of lexical facilitation, a phonological cue corresponding to a small number of words should be more effective than a cue corresponding to a larger cohort. However, a lexical locus can clearly be inferred only if the facilitation effect in picture naming is modulated by a specific grammatical lexical cohort and not by the overall word onset cohort. Twenty-seven healthy participants performed an object/noun (Exp1) and an action/verb (Exp2) naming task with cues corresponding to large/small noun/verb onset cohorts. Results revealed that facilitation was modulated by the lexical onset cohort size of the cue in the target grammatical category. These results favour the lexical hypothesis and further suggest a categorical organization of the lexicon.

Producing written noun phrases in French

2015 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-24 ◽  
Author(s):  
Severine Maggio ◽  
Florence Chenu ◽  
Guillemette Bes de Berc ◽  
Blandine Pesci ◽  
Bernard Lété ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Parallel Processing ◽  
Noun Phrase ◽  
Time Course ◽  
Noun Phrases ◽  
Frequency Effect ◽  
Word Frequency Effect ◽  
Written Production ◽  
Bare Nouns ◽  
Written Word ◽  
Consistency Effects

This research compares the time-course of the written production of bare nouns to that of noun phrases. French adults named pictures of objects either using or not using determiners. Resulting pauses and writing rates were analyzed in relation to word-orthographic frequency, syllabic length, and phoneme-to-grapheme consistency at the end of words. More specifically, we showed that the noun production process begins as soon the determiner production is initiated (word frequency effect on latencies, length and consistency effects on determiner writing rate) and continued during the course of the noun production. When the determiner was absent, the management of writing was different: the writer slowed the production speed, probably in order to realize the lexeme processing that s/he could not do in the absence of the determiner production time. These results provided further evidence that some form of parallel processing occurs in written word production and led us to sketch the time-course of the noun spelling in written denomination of a noun phrase.

scholarly journals Hearing "Birch" Hampers Saying "Duck" – An ERP Study on Phonological Interference in Immediate and Delayed Word Production

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andreas Mädebach ◽  
Andreas Widmann ◽  
Melina Posch ◽  
Erich Schröger ◽  
Jörg D. Jescheniak
Keyword(s):  
Phonological Processing ◽  
Interference Effect ◽  
Lexical Processing ◽  
Time Window ◽  
Word Production ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Distractor Word ◽  
Processing Level ◽  
Co Activation ◽  
Phonological Interference

When speakers name a picture (e.g., “duck”), a distractor word phonologically related to an alternative name (e.g., “birch” related to “bird”) slows down naming responses compared to an unrelated distractor word. This interference effect obtained with the picture-word interference (PWI) task is assumed to reflect the phonological co-activation of close semantic competitors and is critical for evaluating contemporary models of word production. In the present study, we determined the event-related brain potential (ERP) signature of this effect in an immediate and a delayed version of the PWI task. ERPs revealed a differential processing of related and unrelated distractors: an early (305 – 436 ms) and a late (537 – 713 ms) negativity for related as compared with unrelated distractors. In the behavioral data, the interference effect was only found in immediate naming, while its ERP signature was also present in delayed naming. The time window of the earlier ERP effect suggests that the behavioral interference effect indeed emerges at a phonological processing level, while the functional significance of the later ERP effect is as yet not clear. The finding of a robust ERP correlate of phonological co-activation might facilitate future research on lexical processing in word production.

scholarly journals A critical review of the behavioural, neuroimaging, and electrophysiological studies of co-activation of representations during word production

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nazbanou Nozari ◽  
Svetlana Pinet
Keyword(s):  
Language Production ◽  
Large Body ◽  
Word Production ◽  
Spreading Activation ◽  
Monitoring And Control ◽  
Co Activation ◽  
Electrophysiological Studies ◽  
Alternative Approaches ◽  
Common Problems ◽  
And Control

A large body of behavioral, neuroimaging, and electrophysiological studies have investigated the consequences of co-activation of representations during word production. Despite such an amazing body of empirical data, it remains unclear how the production system handles co-activated items. In this paper, we review this evidence in a systematic way, and point out three common problems in the interpretations attached to these data. We then discuss alternative approaches which might be more fruitful in understanding the links between such data and the processes of spreading activation, selection, monitoring and control in language production.

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