scholarly journals Youth in Residential Care: A Cross-Sectional Mediation Analysis of Youth’s Perceptions of Their Social Images, Self-Representations, and Adjustment Outcomes

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Manuela Calheiros ◽  
Carla Sofia Silva ◽  
Joana Nunes Patrício ◽  
Helena Carvalho
Keyword(s):  
Residential Care ◽  
Stress Responses ◽  
Internalizing Problems ◽  
Externalizing Behavior ◽  
Child Behavior Checklist ◽  
Protective Factor ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Externalizing And Internalizing Problems ◽  
Social Images ◽  
Mediation Models

Individuals’ perceptions of their social images [i.e., meta-representations (MR)] and perceived stereotyping threat create involuntary stress responses that may affect important outcomes, such as self-esteem, academic achievement, and mental health. This study aimed to (1) analyze the indirect associations between residential care youth’s MR and their psychological adjustment (i.e., externalizing and internalizing problems) through their self-representations (SR) and (2) test the moderating role of youth’s age and residential unit size in those associations. A sample of 926 youth aged between 12 and 25years old filled out self-report questionnaires regarding their representations about how people in general perceive them (i.e., MR) and their SR. Residential care professionals filled in the socio-demographic questionnaires and the Child Behavior Checklist. Data were analyzed through multiple mediation models and moderated mediation models. Results showed that (1) youth’s behavioral MR were indirectly associated with higher internalizing and externalizing behavior through higher levels of behavioral SR and (2) youth’s emotional MR were associated with higher internalizing problems through higher emotional SR, but also with lower internalizing problems through lower levels of behavioral SR. These results emphasize the importance of stimulating positive SR, by showing that they can be a protective factor for youth in residential care.

scholarly journals A Twin-Singleton Comparison of Developmental Trajectories of Externalizing and Internalizing Problems in 6- to 12-Year-Old Children

2010 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 79-87 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sylvana C. C. Robbers ◽  
Meike Bartels ◽  
Floor V. A. van Oort ◽  
C. E. M. (Toos) van Beijsterveldt ◽  
Jan van der Ende ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Early Adolescence ◽  
Internalizing Problems ◽  
Externalizing Problems ◽  
Internalizing Symptoms ◽  
Child Behavior Checklist ◽  
Protective Factor ◽  
Developmental Trajectories ◽  
Population Sample ◽  
Growth Curves ◽  
Externalizing And Internalizing Problems

AbstractResearch on twin-singleton differences in externalizing and internalizing problems in childhood is largely cross-sectional and yields contrasting results. The goal of this study was to compare developmental trajectories of externalizing and internalizing problems in 6- to 12-year-old twins and singletons. Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL) maternal reports of externalizing and internalizing problems were obtained for a sample of 9651 twins from the Netherlands Twin Register and for a representative general population sample of 1351 singletons. Latent growth modeling was applied to estimate growth curves for twins and singletons. Twin-singleton differences in the intercepts and slopes of the growth curves were examined. The developmental trajectories of externalizing problems showed a linear decrease over time, and were not significantly different for twins and singletons. Internalizing problems seem to develop similarly for twins and singletons up to age 9. After this age twins' internalizing symptoms start to decrease in comparison to those of singletons, resulting in less internalizing problems than singletons by the age of 12 years. Our findings confirm the generalizability of twin studies to singleton populations with regard to externalizing problems in middle and late childhood. The generalizability of studies on internalizing problems in early adolescence in twin samples should be addressed with care. Twinship may be a protective factor in the development of internalizing problems during early adolescence.

Early childhood temperament as a determinant of externalizing behavior in adolescence

1996 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 527-537 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carl E. Schwartz ◽  
Nancy Snidman ◽  
Jerome Kagan
Keyword(s):  
Aggressive Behavior ◽  
Externalizing Behavior ◽  
Child Behavior Checklist ◽  
Delinquent Behavior ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Youth Self Report ◽  
Ongoing Behavior ◽  
Parental Ratings ◽  
Second Year ◽  
Familiar Person

AbstractTwo cohorts of adolescents who were categorized at either 21 or 31 months of age as extremely inhibited or uninhibited completed the Youth Self-Report (YSR), and their parents completed the Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL). In the second year, inhibited children typically cease ongoing behavior and vocalizing, seek comfort from a familiar person, or withdraw in response to unfamiliar situations. By contrast uninhibited children do not become subdued by novelty and are sociable and outgoing, often vocalizing, smiling, and approaching unfamiliar persons or objects. The 13-year-old adolescents who had been categorized as inhibited at 21 months of age scored significantly lower than adolescents originally classified as uninhibited on the Total Externalizing, Delinquent Behavior, and Aggressive Behavior Scales. Parental ratings of Total Externalizing and Aggressive behavior on the CBCL agreed with the Youth Self-Report. The second cohort of adolescents who had been selected at 31 months yielded similar findings, but only for males. These results suggest that important aspects of the original temperamental profile have been preserved over a 12-year period.

scholarly journals Advances on Parental Educational Styles Predictors of Internalizing and Externalizing Behaviors in Children

2019 ◽  
Vol 18 (5) ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Jaime Humberto Moreno Méndez ◽  
José Pedro Espada Sánchez ◽  
Inmaculada Gómez Becerra
Keyword(s):  
Public Schools ◽  
Internalizing Problems ◽  
Externalizing Problems ◽  
Child Behavior Checklist ◽  
Externalizing Behaviors ◽  
Internalizing And Externalizing Problems ◽  
Internalizing And Externalizing Behaviors ◽  
Externalizing And Internalizing Problems ◽  
Communication Difficulties ◽  
Internalizing And Externalizing

The purposes of this study were to perform a psychometric analysis of the Parental Educational Styles Questionnaire and to evaluate its predictive validity on externalizing and internalizing problems in Colombian children. Participants were 680 parents (M= 37.34; SD= 9.2) of children aged between 8 and 12 years enrolled in public schools in Bogota, Colombia. The parental educational styles questionnaire and the child behavior checklist -parents format- were applied to the participants. The resulting model presents the best indicators of favorable fit according to confirmatory factorial analyses. These values show an internal consistence of the instrument. The results indicate that dysfunctional reaction to disobedience, communication difficulties and conflicts predicted internalizing and externalizing problems.

scholarly journals Parental Marital Conflict and Growth in Adolescents’ Externalizing Problems: the Role of Respiratory Sinus Arrhythmia

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuan Peng ◽  
Xiaohui Yang ◽  
Zhenhong Wang
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Sinus Arrhythmia ◽  
Marital Conflict ◽  
Internalizing Problems ◽  
Externalizing Problems ◽  
Interaction Effects ◽  
Chinese Version ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Sinus Arrhythmia ◽  
Speech Task ◽  
Externalizing And Internalizing Problems

AbstractPrevious studies have examined the moderating effect of respiratory sinus arrhythmia (RSA) on the association between marital conflict and externalizing problems, however the findings were inconsistent. One possible reason is that the covariation of internalizing problems in externalizing problems. Therefore, the present study aimed to examine this issue. Participants were 332 Chinese adolescents (54.5% boys) age from 13 to 15 years old. At T1, electrocardiogram monitoring was performed on adolescents during the resting state and stressor tasks (a speech task and a mental arithmetic task) to obtain RSA data. The Chinese version of the Achenbach Youth Self-Report-2001 (YSR-2001) and the Chinese version of the Children’s Perception of Interparental Conflict scale were used to assess adolescents’ externalizing and internalizing problems and their perception of marital conflict, respectively. Adolescents’ problem behaviors were assessed again in the second and third waves of data collection, with a 1-year lag among each wave. The results revealed that the 3- interactions of marital conflict × RSA reactivity in speech task × sex significantly predicted the trajectory of externalizing problems when controlling for internalizing problems from externalizing problems. Specifically, girls with greater RSA suppression to the speech task reported low and stable externalizing problems, however, boys with the same pattern were associated with slightly increased levels of externalizing problems. While, RSA augmentation to the speech task predicted the increase in externalizing problems among both girls and boys in high marital conflict families over time. However, this interaction effects were not significant when not partial out internalizing problems from externalizing problems. The findings highlight the importance of controlling for the covariation of internalizing problems when examining the interaction effects of person and environment on the development of adolescents’ externalizing problems.

scholarly journals The COVID-19 Pandemic: A Longitudinal Study on the Emotional-Behavioral Sequelae for Children and Adolescents with Neuropsychiatric Disorders and Their Families

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (18) ◽  
pp. 9880
Author(s):  
Alessia Raffagnato ◽  
Sara Iannattone ◽  
Benedetta Tascini ◽  
Martina Venchiarutti ◽  
Alessia Broggio ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Child Behavior Checklist ◽  
Protective Factor ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Internalizing Disorders ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Post Traumatic Stress ◽  
Depression Anxiety Stress Scale ◽  
Psychological Well Being ◽  
Over Time

This study aimed to investigate the immediate and short-term impact of the pandemic on the psychological well-being of Italian children and adolescents with psychiatric disorders and their families. Overall, 56 patients aged 6–18 (M = 13.4 years, SD = 2.77) and their parents were evaluated during the COVID-19 lockdown (T0) and after 4 months (T1). An ad hoc data sheet, Youth Self-Report 11–18 (YSR), Child Behavior Checklist 6–18 (CBCL), and Depression Anxiety Stress Scale-21 (DASS-21) were administered. Patients, mainly suffering from internalizing disorders, overall demonstrated a good adaptation to the pandemic context. Moreover, patients with behavioral disorders showed a greater psychological discomfort at both T0 and T1 compared to patients with internalizing disorders. Over time, patients presented an improvement on the emotional side, as proven by a significant decrease in internalizing and post-traumatic stress problems. Finally, no significant differences were found in the emotional-behavioral profile of patients according to the means of conducting neuropsychiatric interventions during the lockdown (i.e., in person/remotely/interrupted), thus allowing us to exclude important negative effects caused by the transition to remote therapy. Concerning parents, an inverse relationship emerged between the DASS-21 scores and the level of resilience, which therefore represents a protective factor against psychological maladjustment. Over time, an improvement in the psychological well-being of parents was observed, as shown by a significant decrease in mothers’ anxiety and fathers’ stress.

Investigating genetic and environmental contributions to adolescent externalizing behavior in a collectivistic culture: a multi-informant twin study

2015 ◽  
Vol 45 (9) ◽  
pp. 1989-1997 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Chen ◽  
J. Yu ◽  
J. Zhang ◽  
X. Li ◽  
M. McGue
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Values ◽  
Environmental Effects ◽  
Externalizing Behavior ◽  
Child Behavior Checklist ◽  
Environmental Influences ◽  
Chinese Adolescents ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Genetic Influences ◽  
Genetic Analyses ◽  
Teacher Report Form

BackgroundLittle is known about the etiology of adolescents’ externalizing behavior (Ext) in collectivistic cultures. We aimed to fill this gap by investigating the genetic and environmental influences on Ext in Chinese adolescents. The etiological heterogeneity of aggression (AGG) and rule breaking (RB) was also examined.MethodThe study sample included 908 pairs of same-sex twins aged from 10 to 18 years (mean = 13.53 years, s.d. = 2.26). Adolescents’ Ext were assessed with the Achenbach System of Empirically Based Assessment including Child Behavior Checklist, Teacher Report Form, and Youth Self-Report.ResultsUnivariate genetic analyses showed that genetic influences on all measures were moderate ranging from 34% to 50%, non-shared environmental effects ranged from 23% to 52%, and shared environmental effects were significant in parent- and teacher-reported measures ranging from 29% to 43%. Bivariate genetic analyses indicated that AGG and RB shared large genetic influences (rg = 0.64–0.79) but moderate non-shared environmental factors (re = 0.34–0.52).ConclusionsChinese adolescents’ Ext was moderately influenced by genetic factors. AGG and RB had moderate independent genetic and non-shared environmental influences, and thus constitute etiologically distinct dimensions within Ext in Chinese adolescents. The heritability of AGG, in particular, was smaller in Chinese adolescents than suggested by previous data obtained on Western peers. This study suggests that the collectivistic cultural values and Confucianism philosophy may attenuate genetic potential in Ext, especially AGG.

Religiosity and mental health of pre-adolescents with psychiatric problems and their parents: The TRAILS study

2015 ◽  
Vol 30 (7) ◽  
pp. 845-851 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. van der Jagt-Jelsma ◽  
M.R. de Vries-Schot ◽  
Rint de Jong ◽  
C.A. Hartman ◽  
F.C. Verhulst ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Internalizing Problems ◽  
Externalizing Problems ◽  
Internalizing Symptoms ◽  
Child Behavior Checklist ◽  
Mental Health Problems ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Adolescent Religiosity ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Psychiatric Problems

AbstractBackground:This study investigated the association between the religiosity of parents and pre-adolescents, and pre-adolescents’ psychiatric problems.Method:In a clinic-referred cohort of 543 pre-adolescents at least once referred to a mental health outpatient clinic mental health problems were assessed using self-reports (Youth Self-Report; YSR), parent reports (Child Behavior Checklist; CBCL), and teacher reports (Teacher's Report Form; TRF) of child behavioral and emotional problems. Paternal, maternal, and pre-adolescent religiosity were assessed by self-report. MANCOVAs were performed for internalizing and externalizing problems as dependent variables, with maternal religiosity, paternal religiosity, pre-adolescent religiosity, parental religious harmony, and gender as independent variables, and socioeconomic status and divorce as covariates.Results:Internalizing problems. Pre-adolescents of actively religious mothers had more internalizing symptoms than pre-adolescents of nonreligious mothers. Harmony and gender did not significantly affect the association between maternal religiosity and internalizing problems. Externalizing problems. No associations between religiosity of pre-adolescents, religiosity of mothers, religiosity of fathers and/or harmony of parents and externalizing problem behavior have been found.Discussion and conclusions:Overall, associations between mental health and religiosity were modest to absent. Results are discussed in the context of a clinic-referred cohort, the quest phase of internalizing religious beliefs and role modeling of parents.

Attachment and Externalizing Behavior: Mediation through Dysfunctional Emotion Regulation and Callous-Unemotional Traits

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Naska Goagoses ◽  
Ute Koglin
Keyword(s):  
Emotion Regulation ◽  
Behavior Problems ◽  
Externalizing Behavior ◽  
Child Behavior Checklist ◽  
Externalizing Behavior Problems ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Attachment Representations ◽  
Callous Unemotional ◽  
Callous Unemotional Traits ◽  
Unemotional Traits

The aim of the current study was to investigate whether the association between parental attachment and externalizing behavior is parallelly mediated by dysfunctional emotion regulation and callous-unemotional traits. The community sample included 296 adolescents (Mage = 14.90, SDage = 1.31), who completed the Inventory of Parent and Peer Attachment, the Inventory of Callous-Unemotional Traits, the Regulation of Emotions Questionnaire, and the Youth Self-Report Child Behavior Checklist. A mediation analysis revealed both direct and indirect effects. Secure attachment representations were negatively associated with internal- and external dysfunctional emotion regulation strategies and callous-unemotional traits, which in turn were positively associated with externalizing behavior problems. The current study expands previous research by simultaneously investigating familial and cognitive factors that foster externalizing behavior problems. An attachment-based perspective offers new possibilities for theory expansion, research directions, and the development of interventions.

scholarly journals BESIFORMUOJANČIŲ SUAUGUSIŲJŲ PROBLEMINIO ELGESIO, VAIDMENŲ KAITOS MEILĖS IR DARBO SRITYSE BEI SUAUGUSIAM ASMENIUI BŪDINGŲ SAVYBIŲ ĮGIJIMO RYŠIAI

Psichologija ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 48 ◽  
pp. 54-69
Author(s):  
R. Vosylis ◽  
S. Raižienė ◽  
R. Žukauskienė
Keyword(s):  
Emerging Adults ◽  
Problem Behaviors ◽  
Internalizing Problems ◽  
Externalizing Problems ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Work Commitment ◽  
Role Changes ◽  
Externalizing And Internalizing Problems ◽  
Anxiety Depression ◽  
Internalizing And Externalizing

  nemažai diskutuojama apie ilgėjantį laikotarpį, per kurį iš paauglystės pereinama į suaugusiojo gyvenimo tarpsnį. Taip pat diskutuojama apie tai, kad Vakarų šalyse suaugusio asmens statusas, ypač jaunuolių akimis, yra siejamas ne tiek su vaidmenų kaita, pavyzdžiui, mokslų baigimu ar tapimu tėvais, kiek su asmens savybių, kaip antai nepriklausomybė ar savarankiškumas, įgijimu. Šis laiko tarpsnis tarp paauglystės ir jauno suaugusiojo amžiaus taip pat pasižymi nemaža emocinių ir elgesio sunkumų kaita, kuri vyksta kartu su vaidmenų pokyčiais, bei suaugusio asmens savybių įgijimu. Tyrimų, nagrinėjančių, kaip probleminis elgesys, vaidmenų kaita ir suaugusio asmens savybių įgijimas yra susiję, netrūksta, tačiau maža tokių, kurie nagrinėtų šių kintamųjų ryšius kartu paėmus. Šiuo tyrimu ir siekta įvertinti besiformuojančių Lietuvos suaugusiųjų emocinių ir elgesio sunkumų, įsipareigojimo partneriui ir darbinei karjerai bei suaugusiojo bruožų įgijimo ryšius.Tyrimo dalyviai buvo atrinkti patogiosios imties būdu. Tyrime dalyvavo 241 tiriamasis – 198 merginos ir 43 vaikinai. Vidutinis tiriamųjų amžius buvo 22,22 metų (st. nuokr. – 2,91). Tiriamieji atsakė į interneto svetainėje paskelbtą anketą, kurioje buvo pateiktas J. J. Arnett (2003) klausimynas, vertinantis suaugusio asmens kriterijų svarbą, taip pat papildomi klausimai apie tai, kiek asmuo atitinka šiuos kriterijus. Anketoje taip pat buvo pateiktas ASR (Achenbach and Rescorla, 2003) klausimynas, skirtas įvertinti suaugusiųjų emocinius ir elgesio sunkumus. Remiantis tuo, ką tyrimo dalyviai įvardijo svarbiais suaugusio asmens kriterijais, ir tuo, kaip įvardijo, kiek tuos kriterijus yra įvykdę, buvo sudarytos trys skalės, rodančios suaugusio asmens bruožų įgijimą: pasiektą nepriklausomybę nuo tėvų, pasiektą normų paisymą ir įgytas kompetencijas rūpintis šeima. Taip pat panašiu būdu buvo sudaryti du kintamieji, rodantys įsipareigojimą partneriui ir darbinei karjerai.Tyrimo metu buvo atskleista, kad jaunuolių tiek įsipareigojimas darbinei karjerai, tiek partneriui yra neigiamai susijęs su nerimo ir depresijos sunkumais, tačiau įsipareigojimas darbinei karjerai yra teigiamai susijęs su erzinančiu elgesiu. Didesnė nepriklausomybė yra neigiamai susijusi su nerimo ir depresijos sunkumais ir užsisklendimu. Prognozuojant nerimo ir depresijos sunkumus, kai yra atsižvelgiama į suaugusio asmens bruožų įgijimą, įsipareigojimo darbinei karjerai bei partneriui efektas išnyksta. Prognozuojant erzinantį elgesį, įsipareigojimas darbinei karjerai išlieka reikšmingas veiksnys net ir tada, kai atsižvelgiama į suaugusiojo savybių įgijimą.Pagrindiniai žodžiai: probleminis elgesys, besiformuojančio suaugusiojo raidos tarpsnis, vaidmenų kaita, suaugusįjį žyminčių kriterijų atitikimas.Relationships between problem behaviors, role changes in areas of work, love, and achievement of adult character qualities among emerging adultsVosylis R., Raižienė S., Žukauskienė R. The goal of the current study is to evaluate the relationships between externalizing and internalizing problems, partner and work commitment, and the achievement of adult character qualities. A sample of 241 Lithuanian emerging adults participated in the study (mean age 22.22, SD = 2.91, 198 women and 43 men). Participants filled an internet-based questionnaire which consisted of Arnett’s questionnaire on adulthood criteria, additional questions on achieving these criteria, and the Adult Self-report questionnaire which measures internalizing and externalizing problems. Both partner and work commitments were found to be negatively related to anxiety / depression problems, and commitment to work was positively related to intrusive behavior. Achievement of independence was negatively related with anxiety / depression and withdrawal problems. The effect of commitment to work and to partner on anxiety / depression and the effect of commitment to partner on withdrawal was suppressed when it was controlled for achieving independence. Commitment to work positively predicts a more intrusive behavior even when achieving adult character qualities is taken into account.Keywords: problem behavior, emerging adulthood, role changes, achievement of adulthood criteria

Vitamin D Deficiency in Middle Childhood Is Related to Behavior Problems in Adolescence

2019 ◽  
Vol 150 (1) ◽  
pp. 140-148 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sonia L Robinson ◽  
Constanza Marín ◽  
Henry Oliveros ◽  
Mercedes Mora-Plazas ◽  
Betsy Lozoff ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin D ◽  
Behavior Problems ◽  
Vitamin D Deficiency ◽  
Middle Childhood ◽  
Internalizing Problems ◽  
Externalizing Problems ◽  
Child Behavior Checklist ◽  
Internalizing Behavior ◽  
Self Report ◽  
And Behavior

ABSTRACT Background Vitamin D deficiency (VDD) is associated with depression and schizophrenia in adults. The effect of VDD in childhood on behavioral development is unknown. Objectives We aimed to study the associations of VDD and vitamin D binding protein (DBP) in middle childhood with behavior problems in adolescence. Methods We quantified plasma total 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] and DBP in 273 schoolchildren aged 5–12 y at recruitment into a cohort study in Bogota, Colombia. Externalizing and internalizing behavior problems were assessed after a median 6-y follow-up by parental report [Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL)] and self-report [Youth Self-Report (YSR)]. We estimated mean problem score differences with 95% CIs between exposure categories using multivariable linear regression. We also compared the prevalence of clinical behavior problems (score >63) between exposure groups. We assessed whether the associations between DBP and behavior problems were mediated through VDD. Results Mean ± SD CBCL and YSR externalizing problems scores were 56.5 ± 9.3 and 53.2 ± 9.5, respectively. Internalizing problems scores averaged 57.1 ± 9.8 and 53.7 ± 9.8, respectively. VDD [25(OH)D <50 nmol/L] prevalence was 10.3%. VDD was associated with an adjusted 6.0 (95% CI: 3.0, 9.0) and 3.4 (95% CI: 0.1, 6.6) units higher CBCL and YSR externalizing problems scores, respectively, and an adjusted 3.6 (95% CI: 0.3, 6.9) units higher CBCL internalizing problems scores. The prevalence of clinical total externalizing problems was 1.8 (95% CI: 1.1, 3.1) times higher in children with VDD than that in children without VDD. DBP concentration below the population median was related to higher YSR aggressive behavior and anxious/depressed subscale scores and to higher prevalence of clinical total externalizing problems. The associations between DBP and behavior problems were not mediated through VDD. Conclusions VDD and low DBP in middle childhood are related to behavior problems in adolescence.

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