scholarly journals Cerebellar Functional Lateralization From the Perspective of Clinical Neuropsychology

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna Starowicz-Filip ◽  
Katarzyna Prochwicz ◽  
Joanna Kłosowska ◽  
Adrian Andrzej Chrobak ◽  
Aneta Myszka ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Decline ◽  
Cognitive Functioning ◽  
Right Hemisphere ◽  
Empirical Support ◽  
Cerebellar Lesion ◽  
Cerebellar Hemisphere ◽  
Functional Laterality ◽  
Lesion Side ◽  
Cerebellar Lesions ◽  
The Right

Objective: The cerebellar functional laterality, with its right hemisphere predominantly involved in verbal performance and the left one engaged in visuospatial processes, has strong empirical support. However, the clinical observation and single research results show that the damage to the right cerebellar hemisphere may cause extralinguistic and more global cognitive decline. The aim of our research was to assess the pattern of cognitive functioning, depending on the cerebellar lesion side, with particular emphasis on the damage to the right cerebellar hemisphere.Method: The study sample consisted of 31 patients with focal cerebellar lesions and 31 controls, free of organic brain damage. The Addenbrooke’s Cognitive Examination ACE III and the Trail Making Test TMT were used to assess patients’ cognitive functioning.Results: Left-sided cerebellar lesion patients scored lower than controls in attention and visuospatial domain, but not in language, fluency, and memory functions. Participants with right-sided cerebellar lesion demonstrated a general deficit of cognitive functioning, with impairments not only in language and verbal fluency subscales but also in all ACE III domains, including memory, attention, and visuospatial functions. The TMT results proved that cerebellar damage is associated with executive function impairment, regardless of the lesion side.Conclusion: The cognitive profiles of patients with cerebellum lesions differ with regard to the lesion side. Left-sided cerebellar lesions are associated with selective visuospatial and attention impairments, whereas the right-sided ones may result in a more global cognitive decline, which is likely secondary to language deficiencies, associated with this lateral cerebellar injury.

Preoperative Cerebral Hypoperfusion in the Left, Not in the Right, Hemisphere Is Associated With Cognitive Decline After Cardiac Surgery

2012 ◽  
Vol 74 (1) ◽  
pp. 73-80 ◽  
Author(s):  
Simone Messerotti Benvenuti ◽  
Paolo Zanatta ◽  
Carolina Longo ◽  
Anna Paola Mazzarolo ◽  
Daniela Palomba
Keyword(s):  
Cardiac Surgery ◽  
Cognitive Decline ◽  
Right Hemisphere ◽  
Cerebral Hypoperfusion ◽  
The Right

scholarly journals Auditory interhemispheric transfer in relation to patterns of partial agenesis and hypoplasia of the corpus callosum in spina bifida meningomyelocele

2008 ◽  
Vol 14 (5) ◽  
pp. 771-781 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. JULIA HANNAY ◽  
AMY WALKER ◽  
MAUREEN DENNIS ◽  
LARRY KRAMER ◽  
SUSAN BLASER ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spina Bifida ◽  
Corpus Callosum ◽  
Right Hemisphere ◽  
Typically Developing ◽  
Functional Laterality ◽  
Left Handed ◽  
Right Ear Advantage ◽  
The Right ◽  
Spina Bifida Meningomyelocele ◽  
Normal Controls

Spina bifida meningomyelocele with hydrocephalus (SBM) is commonly associated with anomalies of the corpus callosum (CC). We describe MRI patterns of regional CC agenesis and relate CC anomalies to functional laterality based on a dichotic listening test in 90 children with SBM and 27 typically developing controls. Many children with SBM (n = 40) showed regional CC anomalies in the form of agenesis of the rostrum and/or splenium, and a smaller number (n = 20) showed hypoplasia (thinning) of all CC regions (rostrum, genu, body, and splenium). The expected right ear advantage (REA) was exhibited by normal controls and children with SBM having a normal or hypoplastic splenium. It was not shown by children with SBM who were left handed, missing a splenium, or had a higher level spinal cord lesion. Perhaps the right hemisphere of these children is more involved in processing some aspects of linguistic stimuli. (JINS, 2008, 14, 771–781.)

scholarly journals Lateralized Cerebellar Contributions to Word Generation: A Phonemic and Semantic Fluency Study

2010 ◽  
Vol 23 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 31-37 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tom A. Schweizer ◽  
Michael P. Alexander ◽  
B. A. Susan Gillingham ◽  
Michael Cusimano ◽  
Donald T. Stuss
Keyword(s):  
Verbal Fluency ◽  
Cerebellar Lesion ◽  
Healthy Controls ◽  
Semantic Fluency ◽  
Word Generation ◽  
Phonemic Fluency ◽  
Cerebellar Lesions ◽  
The Right ◽  
Fluency Task ◽  
Neuropsychological Findings

Impairment on verbal fluency tasks has been one of the more consistently reported neuropsychological findings after cerebellar lesions, but it has not been uniformly observed and the possible underlying cognitive basis has not been investigated. We tested twenty-two patients with chronic, unilateral cerebellar lesions (12 Left, 10 Right) and thirty controls on phonemic and semantic fluency tasks. We measured total words produced, words produced in the initial 15 seconds, errors and strategy switches. In the phonemic fluency task, the right cerebellar lesion (RC) group produced significantly fewer words compared to the left cerebellar lesion (LC) group and healthy controls, particularly over the first 15 seconds of the task with no increase in errors and significantly fewer switches over the entire task. In the semantic fluency task there was only a modest decrease in total words in the RC group compared to controls. RC lesions impair fluency with many of the same performance characteristics as left prefrontal lesions. This supports the hypotheses of a prefrontal-lateral cerebellar system for modulation of attention/executive or strategy demanding tasks.

scholarly journals Effects of Hemispheric Stroke Localization on the Reorganization of Arm Movements within Different Mechanical Environments

Life ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 383
Author(s):  
Laura Pellegrino ◽  
Martina Coscia ◽  
Camilla Pierella ◽  
Psiche Giannoni ◽  
Amel Cherif ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Right Hemisphere ◽  
Feedforward Control ◽  
Hemispheric Specialization ◽  
Movement Control ◽  
Muscle Synergies ◽  
Lesion Side ◽  
Rehabilitation Protocols ◽  
Resistive Forces ◽  
Muscle Activations ◽  
The Right

This study investigated how stroke’s hemispheric localization affects motor performance, spinal maps and muscle synergies while performing planar reaching with and without assistive or resistive forces. A lesion of the right hemisphere affected performance, reducing average speed and smoothness and augmenting lateral deviation in both arms. Instead, a lesion of the left hemisphere affected the aiming error, impairing the feedforward control of the ipsilesional arm. The structure of the muscle synergies had alterations dependent on the lesion side in both arms. The applied force fields reduced the differences in performance and in muscle activations between arms and among populations. These results support the hypotheses of hemispheric specialization in movement control and identify potential significant biomarkers for the design of more effective and personalized rehabilitation protocols.

Differential Effect of Lesion Side on Intra-Individual Variability in Children with Focal Lateralized Epilepsy

2010 ◽  
Vol 107 (1) ◽  
pp. 113-119 ◽  
Author(s):  
Loretta Van Iterson
Keyword(s):  
Differential Effect ◽  
Right Hemisphere ◽  
Brain Lesion ◽  
Individual Variability ◽  
Cognitive Measures ◽  
Verbal Scale ◽  
Lesion Side ◽  
And Performance ◽  
The Right ◽  
Score Range

A differential impact of hemispheric side (left vs right) on cognitive measures, specifically Verbal and Performance IQ, has been described previously for both focal onset seizures and lateralized brain lesions. This study revealed a differential effect on intra-individual variability, measured as subtest scaled-score range, on the Dutch WISC–R and WISC–III, in children with epilepsy. The presence of documented brain lesion was associated with elevated variability on the Verbal Scale for the left hemisphere seizure group and with decreased variability on the Verbal and Full Scales for the right hemisphere seizure group.

scholarly journals Non-verbal Intelligence in Unilateral Perinatal Stroke Patients With and Without Epilepsies

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alisa Gschaidmeier ◽  
Magdalena Heimgärtner ◽  
Lukas Schnaufer ◽  
Pablo Hernáiz Driever ◽  
Marko Wilke ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Right Hemisphere ◽  
Motor Impairment ◽  
Lesion Size ◽  
Verbal Intelligence ◽  
Language Lateralization ◽  
Perinatal Stroke ◽  
Language Functions ◽  
Lesion Side ◽  
The Right ◽  
Verbal Functions

Background: The risk factors for impaired cognitive development after unilateral perinatal stroke are poorly understood. Non-verbal intelligence seems to be at particular risk, since language can shift to the right hemisphere and may thereby reduce the capacity of the right hemisphere for its originary functions. Pharmaco-refractory epilepsies, a frequent complication of perinatal strokes, often lead to impaired intelligence. Yet, the role of well-controlled epilepsies is less well-understood. Here, we investigated whether well-controlled epilepsies, motor impairment, lesion size, lesion side, and lateralization of language functions influence non-verbal functions.Methods: We recruited 8 patients with well-controlled epilepsies (9–26 years), 15 patients without epilepsies (8–23 years), and 23 healthy controls (8–27 years). All underwent the Test of Non-verbal Intelligence, a motor-independent test, which excludes biased results due to motor impairment. Language lateralization was determined with functional MRI, lesion size with MRI-based volumetry, and hand motor impairment with the Jebson-Taylor Hand Function-Test.Results: Patients with epilepsies showed significantly impaired non-verbal intelligence [Md = 89.5, interquartile range (IQR) = 13.5] compared with controls (Md = 103, IQR = 17). In contrast, patients without epilepsies (Md = 97, IQR = 15.0) performed within the range of typically developing children. A multiple regression analysis revealed only epilepsy as a significant risk factor for impaired non-verbal functions.Conclusion: In patients with unilateral perinatal strokes without epilepsies, the neuroplastic potential of one healthy hemisphere is able to support the development of normal non-verbal cognitive abilities, regardless of lesion size, lesion side, or language lateralization. In contrast, epilepsy substantially reduces this neuroplastic potential; even seizure-free patients exhibit below-average non-verbal cognitive functions.

scholarly journals Action Observation Therapy in the Subacute Phase Promotes Dexterity Recovery in Right-Hemisphere Stroke Patients

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patrizio Sale ◽  
Maria Gabriella Ceravolo ◽  
Marco Franceschini
Keyword(s):  
Upper Limb ◽  
Right Hemisphere ◽  
Action Observation ◽  
Hand Function ◽  
Stroke Patients ◽  
Subacute Stroke ◽  
Lesion Side ◽  
And Gender ◽  
The Right ◽  
Block Test

The clinical impact of action observation (AO) on upper limb functional recovery in subacute stroke patients is recent evidence. We sought to test the hypothesis that training everyday life activities through AO coupled with task execution might activate the left hemisphere different from the right one. Sixty-seven first-ever ischemic stroke subjects were randomly assigned to receive upper limb training coupled with AO tasks or standard rehabilitation. The groups were matched by age and gender, Bamford category, and interval from stroke and lesion side. Fugl-Meyer (FM) and Box and Block Test (BBT) were used to measure hand function recovery at the end (T1) and 4-5 months after the treatment (T2). At T1, FM was increased by 31% (±26%), of maximum achievable recovery, whereas BBT was increased by 17% (±18%); at T2, FM had reached 43% (±45%) of maximum recovery, while BBT had reached 25% (±22%). Combining the effects of treatment to those of lesion side revealed significantly higher gains, in both FM and BBT scores, in left hemiparetic subjects when exposed to AO as compared to standard rehabilitation alone (P<.01). The findings lead to recommend the use of AO in addition to motor training in left hemiparetic patients.

scholarly journals Lateralized sound production in the beluga whale (Delphinapterus leucas)

2020 ◽  
Vol 223 (17) ◽  
pp. jeb226316
Author(s):  
Audra E. Ames ◽  
Kristian Beedholm ◽  
Peter T. Madsen
Keyword(s):  
Sound Production ◽  
Empirical Support ◽  
Beluga Whale ◽  
Delphinapterus Leucas ◽  
Communication Signals ◽  
Functional Laterality ◽  
Suction Cup ◽  
Communication Signal ◽  
Beluga Whale Delphinapterus Leucas ◽  
The Right

ABSTRACTLike other toothed whales, belugas produce sound through pneumatic actuation of two phonic lip pairs, but it is unclear whether both pairs are actuated concurrently to generate a single sound (the dual actuation hypothesis) or laterally in the production of their rich vocal repertoires. Here, using suction cup hydrophones on the head of a trained beluga whale, we measured seven different communication signal types and echolocation clicks in order to test the hypothesis that belugas produce distinct sounds unilaterally. We show that, like other delphinoids, belugas produce echolocation clicks with the right phonic lips and tonal sounds from the left. We also demonstrate for the first time that the left phonic lips are responsible for generating communication signals other than tonal sounds. Thus, our findings provide empirical support for functionalized laterality in delphinoid sound production, in keeping with the functional laterality hypothesis of vocal-motor control in toothed whales.

Investigation of the Effect of Mode and Tempo on Emotional Responses to Music Using EEG Power Asymmetry

2013 ◽  
Vol 27 (3) ◽  
pp. 142-148 ◽  
Author(s):  
Konstantinos Trochidis ◽  
Emmanuel Bigand
Keyword(s):  
Left Hemisphere ◽  
Right Hemisphere ◽  
Emotional Responses ◽  
Interactive Effects ◽  
Eeg Activity ◽  
Musical Excerpt ◽  
Major Mode ◽  
Musical Modes ◽  
Slow Tempo ◽  
The Right

The combined interactions of mode and tempo on emotional responses to music were investigated using both self-reports and electroencephalogram (EEG) activity. A musical excerpt was performed in three different modes and tempi. Participants rated the emotional content of the resulting nine stimuli and their EEG activity was recorded. Musical modes influence the valence of emotion with major mode being evaluated happier and more serene, than minor and locrian modes. In EEG frontal activity, major mode was associated with an increased alpha activation in the left hemisphere compared to minor and locrian modes, which, in turn, induced increased activation in the right hemisphere. The tempo modulates the arousal value of emotion with faster tempi associated with stronger feeling of happiness and anger and this effect is associated in EEG with an increase of frontal activation in the left hemisphere. By contrast, slow tempo induced decreased frontal activation in the left hemisphere. Some interactive effects were found between mode and tempo: An increase of tempo modulated the emotion differently depending on the mode of the piece.

Right-Hemisphere Specialization for Contour Grouping

2014 ◽  
Vol 61 (5) ◽  
pp. 331-339 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gregor Volberg
Keyword(s):  
Right Hemisphere ◽  
Contour Detection ◽  
Global Processing ◽  
Detection Accuracy ◽  
Frequency Spectra ◽  
Visual Hemifield ◽  
Spatial Frequencies ◽  
A Chain ◽  
The Right ◽  
Hemisphere Specialization

Previous studies often revealed a right-hemisphere specialization for processing the global level of compound visual stimuli. Here we explore whether a similar specialization exists for the detection of intersected contours defined by a chain of local elements. Subjects were presented with arrays of randomly oriented Gabor patches that could contain a global path of collinearly arranged elements in the left or in the right visual hemifield. As expected, the detection accuracy was higher for contours presented to the left visual field/right hemisphere. This difference was absent in two control conditions where the smoothness of the contour was decreased. The results demonstrate that the contour detection, often considered to be driven by lateral coactivation in primary visual cortex, relies on higher-level visual representations that differ between the hemispheres. Furthermore, because contour and non-contour stimuli had the same spatial frequency spectra, the results challenge the view that the right-hemisphere advantage in global processing depends on a specialization for processing low spatial frequencies.

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