Sleep Monitoring Using WatchPAT Device to Predict Recurrence of Major Depression in Patients at High Risk for Major Depression Disorder Recurrence: A Case Report

Background: Major depressive disorders are strongly correlated with alterations in sleep pattern and architecture, including changes in the Rapid Eye Movement (REM) phase. However, it is still unknown whether sleep alterations precede other depression-related symptoms, particularly in patients with recurrent depressive episodes at relapse risk.Case Presentation: We initiated a study aimed at examining the value of ambulatory sleep monitoring using a WatchPAT device, in predicting recurrence of Major depression. Depression was assessed monthly with the Beck Depression Inventory version II (BDI-II). Here we present the case of a 63 years old woman, with a history of recurrent depressive episodes. AT the time of recruitment, she was asymptomatic, she experienced recurrence of Major depression 3 months into the study. We observed a significant reduction of the Rem Latency parameters 5 weeks prior to BDI-II score increase, reflecting major depressive episode recurrence.Conclusion: Though our results are preliminary, they suggest that ambulatory sleep monitoring can be used as a simple and accessible tool, predicting recurrence of Major Depressive episodes in patients at high risk, thus enabling early treatment intervention.

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Novel Therapeutics for Depression:L-methylfolate as a Trimonoamine Modulator and Antidepressant-Augmenting Agent

CNS Spectrums ◽

10.1017/s1092852900015418 ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 12 (10) ◽

pp. 739-744 ◽

Cited By ~ 40

Author(s):

Stephen M. Stahl

Keyword(s):

Folic Acid ◽

High Risk ◽

Major Depression ◽

Mechanism Of Action ◽

Folate Deficiency ◽

Major Depressive ◽

Antidepressant Effects ◽

Major Depressive Episodes ◽

Depressive Episodes ◽

Putative Mechanism

Folate deficiency may increase the risk of depression and reduce the action of antidepressants. Individuals with an inherited polymorphism that reduces the efficiency of folate formation may be at high risk for folate deficiency and for major depression. Antidepressant effects have been reported when antidepressants are augmented with folic acid, folinic acid, or the centrally active L-methylfolate (known formally as (6(S)-5-methyltetrahydrofolate [MTHF]), particularly in depressed patients with folate deficiency whose major depressive episodes have failed to respond to antidepressants. The putative mechanism of action of MTHF as an augmenting agent to antidepressants is that it acts as a trimonoamine modulator (TMM), enhancing the synthesis of the three monoamines: dopamine (DA), norepinephrine (NE), and serotonin (5-HT), resulting in a boost to the efficacy of antidepressants.

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Time to recovery of an inception cohort with hitherto untreated unipolar major depressive episodes

The British Journal of Psychiatry ◽

10.1192/bjp.177.4.331 ◽

2000 ◽

Vol 177 (4) ◽

pp. 331-335 ◽

Cited By ~ 45

Author(s):

Toshiaki A. Furukawa ◽

Toshinori Kitamura ◽

Kiyohisa Takahashi

Keyword(s):

Major Depression ◽

Mood Disorder ◽

Tertiary Care ◽

Inception Cohort ◽

Major Depressive ◽

Follow Up Study ◽

History Of ◽

Major Depressive Episodes ◽

Depressive Episodes

BackgroundGeneralisability of existing studies on the naturalistic history of major depression is undermined by overrepresentation of in-patients and tertiary care academic centres, inclusion of patients already on treatment and/or incomplete follow-up.AimsTo report the time to recovery of an inception cohort of unipolar major depressive episodes.MethodA multi-centre prospective follow-up study of patients with a mood disorder, who had been selected to be representative of the untreated first-visit patients at 23 psychiatric settings from all over Japan.ResultsThe median time to recovery of the index episode after treatment commencement was 3 months (95% CI 2.5–3.6): 26% of the cohort reached asymptomatic or minimally symptomatic status by I month, 63% by 3 months, 85% by 12 months and 88% by 24 months.ConclusionsOur estimate of the episode length was 25–50% shorter than estimates reported in the literature.

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I Am A Pediatric Dentist: Why is Major Depression Among Adolescents my Concern?

Journal of Clinical Pediatric Dentistry ◽

10.17796/1053-4628-42.4.1 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 42 (4) ◽

pp. 247-249

Author(s):

H. Barry Waldman ◽

Steven P Perlman ◽

Allen Wong

Keyword(s):

Major Depression ◽

Race And Ethnicity ◽

Dental Treatment ◽

Progressive Increase ◽

Major Depressive ◽

Pediatric Dentist ◽

History Of ◽

Pass Through ◽

Major Depressive Episodes ◽

Depressive Episodes

The question, “why a pediatric dentist should be concerned about major depression among teenagers” is considered in light of reports from the National Institute of Mental Health. The results of these studies indicate that there is a progressive increase in the proportion of adolescents with a history of major depressive episodes; ranging from 6.4% among 12 year olds to 15% and 16% for 15–17 year olds. There are great variations by gender, race and ethnicity in the proportion of teenagers experiencing major depressive episodes and receiving needed care. In addition, there is an increased proportion of teenagers with disabilities who experience major depressive episodes. This combined impact is a reality for youngsters with disabilities as they pass through the teenage years into adulthood. Listing of symptoms of depression are provided to facilitate dental treatment planning, as well as well as assisting parents/guardians in seeking the overall needed care for their youngsters.

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Psychotherapy for subclinical depression: meta-analysis

The British Journal of Psychiatry ◽

10.1192/bjp.bp.113.138784 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 205 (4) ◽

pp. 268-274 ◽

Cited By ~ 72

Author(s):

Pim Cuijpers ◽

Sander L. Koole ◽

Annemiek van Dijke ◽

Miquel Roca ◽

Juan Li ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Major Depressive Disorder ◽

Depressive Symptoms ◽

Major Depression ◽

Depressive Disorder ◽

Psychological Treatment ◽

Meta Analysis ◽

Major Depressive ◽

Major Depressive Episodes ◽

Depressive Episodes ◽

Subclinical Depression

BackgroundThere is controversy about whether psychotherapies are effective in the treatment of subclinical depression, defined by clinically relevant depressive symptoms in the absence of a major depressive disorder.AimsTo examine whether psychotherapies are effective in reducing depressive symptoms, reduce the risk of developing major depressive disorder and have comparable effects to psychological treatment of major depression.MethodWe conducted a meta-analysis of 18 studies comparing a psychological treatment of subclinical depression with a control group.ResultsThe target groups, therapies and characteristics of the included studies differed considerably from each other, and the quality of many studies was not optimal. Psychotherapies did have a small to moderate effect on depressive symptoms against care as usual at the post-test assessment (g = 0.35, 95% CI 0.23–0.47; NNT = 5, 95% CI 4–8) and significantly reduced the incidence of major depressive episodes at 6 months (RR = 0.61) and possibly at 12 months (RR = 0.74). The effects were significantly smaller than those of psychotherapy for major depressive disorder and could be accounted for by non-specific effects of treatment.ConclusionsPsychotherapy may be effective in the treatment of subclinical depression and reduce the incidence of major depression, but more high-quality research is needed.

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Work stress as a risk factor for major depressive episode(s)

Psychological Medicine ◽

10.1017/s0033291704003241 ◽

2004 ◽

Vol 35 (6) ◽

pp. 865-871 ◽

Cited By ~ 152

Author(s):

JIANLI WANG

Keyword(s):

Multivariate Analysis ◽

Risk Factor ◽

Major Depression ◽

Work Stress ◽

Depressive Episode ◽

Major Depressive Episode ◽

Working Population ◽

Major Depressive ◽

Major Depressive Episodes ◽

Depressive Episodes

Background. Major depression is a prevalent mental disorder in the general population, with a multi-factorial etiology. However, work stress as a risk factor for major depression has not been well studied.Method. Using a longitudinal study design, this analysis investigated the association between the levels of work stress and major depressive episode(s) in the Canadian working population, aged 18 to 64 years. Data from the longitudinal cohort of the Canadian National Population Health Survey (NPHS) were used (n=6663). The NPHS participants who did not have major depressive episodes (MDE) at baseline (1994–1995 NPHS) were classified into four groups by the quartile values of the baseline work stress scores. The proportion of MDE of each group was calculated using the 1996–1997 NPHS data.Results. The first three quartile groups had a similar risk of MDE. Those who had a work stress score above the 75th percentile had an elevated risk of MDE (7·1%). Using the 75th percentile as a cut-off, work stress was significantly associated with the risk of MDE in multivariate analysis (odds ratio=2·35, 95% confidence interval 1·54–3·77). Other factors associated with MDE in multivariate analysis included educational level, number of chronic medical illnesses and child and adulthood traumatic events. There was no evidence of effect modification between work stress and selected sociodemographic, clinical and psychosocial variables.Conclusions. Work stress is an independent risk factor for the development of MDE in the working population. Strategies to improve working environment are needed to keep workers mentally healthy and productive.

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Temperament and major depression: How does difficult temperament affect frequency, severity, and duration of major depressive episodes among offspring of parents with or without depression?

Journal of Affective Disorders ◽

10.1016/j.jad.2016.04.033 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 200 ◽

pp. 82-88 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Brian J. Sherman ◽

Eleni Vousoura ◽

Priya Wickramaratne ◽

Virginia Warner ◽

Helen Verdeli

Keyword(s):

Major Depression ◽

Major Depressive ◽

Major Depressive Episodes ◽

Depressive Episodes

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Comorbidity of Mood Disorders: A Longitudinal Prospective Study

The British Journal of Psychiatry ◽

10.1192/s0007125000298383 ◽

1996 ◽

Vol 168 (S30) ◽

pp. 31-37 ◽

Cited By ~ 82

Author(s):

Jules Angst

Keyword(s):

Anxiety Disorder ◽

Major Depression ◽

Panic Disorder ◽

Generalised Anxiety Disorder ◽

Major Depressive ◽

Recurrent Brief Depression ◽

Cannabis Consumption ◽

Major Depressive Episodes ◽

Depressive Episodes

From the Zurich cohort study (n=591), the association of major depressive episodes and recurrent brief depression (RBD) with other psychiatric disorders is presented cross-sectionally at age 28 and 30 years, and over ten years (age 20 to 30 years). Longitudinally, the odds ratios of major depression are highest with dysthymia (4.4), generalised anxiety disorder (4.4), panic disorder (2.7), hypomania and agoraphobia (2.6), and social phobia (2.4). There is a significant association with cannabis consumption and smoking. Follow-up data over nine years are available for 41 patients with a major depressive disorder (MDD) and 62 with RBD: approximately 20% of MDD patients did not receive a diagnosis during follow-up. Major depression reoccurred in 32%, became bipolar in 24%, or developed into RBD in 24%. RBD remitted in 41 %, reoccurred in 35%, turned into major depression in 22%, and became bipolar in only 7%. Longitudinally, MDD and RBD show a symmetrical diagnostic change in a quarter of the cases. There is no substantial development of MDD or RBD into minor depression or generalised anxiety disorder. Thirteen per cent of those with RBD later developed panic disorder.

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Depression in women infected with HIV

Brazilian Journal of Psychiatry ◽

10.1590/s1516-44462006000100004 ◽

2006 ◽

Vol 28 (1) ◽

pp. 10-17 ◽

Cited By ~ 15

Author(s):

Valéria Antakly de Mello ◽

André Malbergier

Keyword(s):

Major Depression ◽

Hiv Infection ◽

Depressive Disorders ◽

Depression Scale ◽

Hamilton Depression Scale ◽

Asymptomatic Group ◽

Dsm Iv ◽

Women With Hiv ◽

Major Depressive Episodes ◽

Depressive Episodes

OBJETIVE:The number of women with HIV infection has been on the rise in recent years, making studies of the psychiatric aspects of this condition very important. The aim of this study was to evaluate the prevalence of major depression in women with HIV infection. METHOD: A total of 120 women were studied, 60 symptomatic (with AIDS symptoms) and 60 asymptomatic (without AIDS symptoms). Sociodemographic data were collected, and depressive disorders were identified. The instruments used to evaluate the depressive disorders were the SCID, DSM-IV, 17-item Hamilton depression scale, Hamilton depression scale for nonsomatic symptoms and the Beck depression scale. RESULTS: The prevalence of major depression was 25.8% and was higher in the symptomatic group than in the asymptomatic group (p = 0.002). CONCLUSIONS: The prevalence of major depressive episodes in women with HIV infection is high, and women with AIDS-related symptoms are more often depressed than are those who have never presented such symptoms.

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Who Becomes a Depressive Ruminator? Developmental Antecedents of Ruminative Response Style

Journal of Cognitive Psychotherapy ◽

10.1891/jcop.16.4.405.52529 ◽

2002 ◽

Vol 16 (4) ◽

pp. 405-419 ◽

Cited By ~ 35

Author(s):

Jelena Spasojević ◽

Lauren B. Alloy

Keyword(s):

College Freshmen ◽

Response Style ◽

Major Depressive ◽

History Of Childhood ◽

Developmental Factors ◽

History Of ◽

Developmental Antecedents ◽

Major Depressive Episodes ◽

Depressive Episodes

Developmental antecedents of ruminative response style were examined in 137 college freshmen, who were followed prospectively for 2.5 years. Reports of mothers’ and fathers’ psychologically overcontrolling parenting as well as a history of childhood sexual (for women only) and emotional maltreatment were all related to ruminative response style. In addition, ruminative response style mediated the relationships between these developmental factors and the number of major depressive episodes experienced by participants during the follow-up period. Potential explanations and important implications of these findings are discussed.

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