Reliability and validity of the Turkish version of the Abeer Children Dental Anxiety Scale (ACDAS)

Aim: This study aimed to assess the validity and reliability of the Turkish version of the Abeer Children Dental Anxiety Scale (ACDAS) as a tool used for the identification and treatment of anxious children. Methods: The study sample included 122 children aged ≥7 years, and the intervention consisted of implementation of the ACDAS and the Children’s Fear Survey Schedule-Dental Subscale (CFSS-DS) by the lead researcher during the first dental visit for each child. ACDAS application was also repeated by another pediatric dentist in a smaller sub-sample of 20 children during the same visit. The lead researcher repeated the process, (i.e. application of ACDAS) in the whole study sample after two weeks. Results: The mean age of the participants was 9.84 ± 1.696 years (range: 7–12 years), and anxiety (ACDAS ≥ 26) was detected in 36.1% of the children. The Turkish version of the ACDAS exhibited high correlation with the CFSS-DS (r = 0.760; p < 0.001), and the Cronbach Alpha value (α = 0.934) showed good internal consistency. No statistically significant differences were observed in the dentist’s responses to questions in the Dental and Cognitive sections when comparing the first and second applications of the scale (p > 0.05), although significant differences were observed in the Child Evaluation section (p < 0.01). The Area Under the Curve (AUC), obtained by Receiver Operative Characteristic Curve (ROC) Analysis was 0.849 indicating good diagnostic performance. Conclusions: Based on these findings, the Turkish version of the ACDAS can be considered as a valid and reliable dental anxiety scale for the identification of children concerned about dental procedures.

In Silico Taste, Cytochrome and Toxicity Prediction Study of Major Chamomile Constituents

Chamomile is an ancient herb used for various medications. It contains many bioactive constituents such as volatile oils, terpenoids, flavonoids, lactones, acid esters, glycosides and others. By reviewing many references, a confliction appeared of using Chamomile preparations to treat primary teeth eruption symptoms as a therapy administered by pediatric dentist or pediatrician. In this study, thirteen bioactive constituents (α-bisabolol (B), chamazulene (C), umbelliferone (U), apigenin (A), apigetrin (AT), apiin (AI), luteolin (L), quercetin (Q), quercimertrin (QT), rutin (R), α-cadinene (CD), α-farnesene (F), and matricarin (M) were subject to computational predication through various online websites to predicate their taste, activity towards several CYP450 enzymes and their action as Hepatotoxic, carcinogenic, immunotoxic, mutagenic, and cytotoxic compounds. Our calculations revealed several points such as high value of taste predication indicated that Chamomile constituents under study were with sour taste, did not classify as individual fatal compound Class (GHS) 1 or 2, 44.87% of them showed inhibition character toward specific cytochrome P450 enzyme while 43.59% were non- inhibition character, more than (0.5) probability predication of various cytochrome P450 enzymes gave a positive activity that may affect liver functions. Also, hepatotoxicity, carcinogenicity, immunotoxicity, mutagenicity, and cytotoxicity predictions were more than (0.5), unsaturated Chamomile constituent (Farnesene, F) had highest immune – and mutagenic properties whilst the disaccharide flavonoid (Rutin, R) had the highest Carcino- immunogenic response. According to the above notes, our conclusion is to use minimum concentration of Chamomile preparation for less period of time and lowest repeating intake that ensure effective treatment of teething symptoms under supervision of pediatricians with minimum side effect.

Types of sedation used in pediatric dentistry

Childhood dental anxiety usually results from painful and frightening dental traumas. Accordingly, children might want to avoid dental treatment if not adequate precautions were not taken during these settings. Thus, sedation is being widely used in different dental settings with favorable outcomes. In the present literature review, we have discussed sedation's different types and approaches in pediatric dentistry settings. We also reviewed the main medications that can be administered in these settings, together with the potential routes of administration, safety and contraindications. As a result, the pediatric dentist should identify patients suitable for sedation, choose the right type of sedation, prepare the media for successful procedures, and select the proper medication. Careful monitoring and adequate preparation are also critical to enhance the prognosis and manage the potential complications. Eventually, sedation might improve the compliance of pediatric patients and reduce the dilemma of fear from painful dental procedures. This has been associated with favorable outcomes for the dentist, as well. Therefore, further research is needed for additional validation and innovation in this field.

Clinical Management of Trauma to Primary Teeth and Delay in Eruption of Permanent Successor Tooth

Dental trauma is considered a complication in oral health, which has attracted the attention of researchers, as its prevalence has increased in recent years. Dental trauma in primary dentition can lead to early tooth loss and impairment of permanent successor teeth, depending on the stage of development of the tooth germ. The aim of the present study was to describe a clinical case of a 4-year-old child who was referred to a pediatric dentist after dental trauma and early loss of deciduous teeth. During the anamnesis, it was observed that the upper deciduous teeth (#51 and #61) were affected by successive traumas, resulting in the early loss of the affected teeth. Nance arch device with a tube-bar system was selected to restore function and aesthetics to the child, while the eruption of the successor permanent teeth was monitored. During the follow-up period, a delay in the eruption of #21 tooth was observed, and ulectomy of the region was indicated to allow the tooth eruption and the proper alignment of the central incisors, which occurred after 5 months of the surgical procedure. Through this report it was possible to conclude that the early diagnosis and the long-term periodic control of traumatic dental lesions in the primary dentition are of fundamental importance to prevent and minimize the damages that can occur to the permanent dentition. Keywords: Tooth Avulsion. Tooth, Deciduous. Dentition, Permanent. ResumoO traumatismo dentário é considerado uma complicação à saúde bucal que vem chamando a atenção de pesquisadores, pois sua prevalência tem aumentado nos últimos anos. O trauma dentário na dentição decídua pode ocasionar a perda precoce dos dentes, e comprometimento dos dentes sucessores permanentes, dependendo do estágio de desenvolvimento do germe dentário. O objetivo do presente estudo foi descrever um caso clínico de uma criança de 4 anos de idade que foi encaminhada ao odontopediatra após traumatismo dentário e perda precoce de dente decíduo. Durante a anamnese, foi observado que os dentes decíduos incisivos superiores (#51 e #61) foram afetados por sucessivos traumas, resultando na perda precoce dos dentes afetados. O dispositivo arco de Nance com sistema do tipo tubo-barra foi selecionado para devolver função e estética à criança, enquanto a irrupção dos dentes permanentes sucessores foi acompanhada. Durante consulta de controle, um atraso na erupção do dente #21 foi observado e a ulectomia da região foi indicada para permitir a irrupção do dente e o alinhamento adequado dos incisivos centrais, que ocorreu após 5 meses do procedimento cirúrgico. Por meio do presente relato foi possível concluir que o diagnóstico precoce e o controle periódico a longo prazo das lesões dentárias traumáticas na dentição decídua são de fundamental importância para prevenir e minimizar os prejuízos que podem ocorrer à dentição permanente. Palavras-chave: Avulsão Dentária. Dente Decíduo. Dentição Permanente.

Comparative evaluation of pain perception with a new needle-free system and dental needle method in children: a randomized clinical trial

Background Pain control during dental procedures is one of the most important topics related to behavior management in children. This study aims to compare the pain perception associated with a needle-free system (Comfort-In™) and the dental needle method during filling and pulpotomy treatments in children. Methods The study included teeth that required treatment (pulpotomy or filling treatment) in 56 patients aged 4 to 11 years with no systemic problems or history of allergy. Patients were randomly divided into the needle-free system group (filling treatment, n = 13; pulpotomy, n = 15) and dental needle method group (filling treatment, n = 14; pulpotomy, n = 14). For pulpotomy and filling treatment performed with 0.3 mL anesthesia, the active ingredient of which is 2% lidocaine and 1/80000 epinephrine. The patients’ behavior before the procedure was evaluated by a pediatric dentist using the Frankl Behavior Scale. The pain intensity was assessed Immediately after injection (induction), during treatment (treatment), and at the end of the treatment (post treatment) by the Wong-Baker Faces Pain Scale. Results The median (IQR-InterQuartile Range) induction pain value was 6[3-8] and 2[0-4] in dental needle method and needle-free system respectively, p < 0.001). In filling and pulpotomy treatment group, no difference between the needle and needle-free group for treatment and post-treatment pain values. Conclusions For pulpotomy and filling treatment, needle-free system performed with 0.3 mL anesthesia was found as effective as infiltrative anesthesia with a dental needle method. Trial registration ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT04653974. Registered 4 December 2020 – Retrospectively registered.

GADGET'S MASTER OVER THE ROMP (PARENTAL TENETS ON USAGE OF GADGETS BY CHILDREN AND ITS INFLUENCE ON ACTIVITY RELATED TRAUMA)

A survey to evaluate knowledge and perception of parents over child's gadget usage and its inuence over dental trauma.A paper-.ed closed-ended questionnaire was circulated among 107 parents of 5-11-year-old children. the questionnaire was made available to those parents who had reported to the dept of pedodontics, ragas dental college, Chennai with acceptance to participate in the study with subsequent fulllment of inclusion criteria. the questions were majorly involving the inuence of gadgets on dental trauma, screen time, percentage of different types of gadget exposure, need for educational and motivational programs on the benets of minimal gadget usage. The results of the 25 item questionnaire showed that the inuence of gadgets was said to be peaking more and it is considered to be a highly inuential factor on trauma whose incidence reduced as the time of usage and the devices frequently used per day was recorded in this survey (52.3 % of children used gadgets 3 – 4 hours daily and 48.5 % children use smartphones).The survey concluded that the usage of gadgets played an important role in the incidence of traumatic injuries. In contrast, even though it decreased the rate of trauma every pediatric dentist should take into consideration that children are living in a gadget-driven environment that could have a deleterious effect on a healthy body and mind.

DEVELOPMENT OF OCCLUSION

There are several reasons why pediatric dentist should understand the development of dental occlusion. One of the major objectives of orthodontic treatment is to correct occlusal problems. Much of the need for this treatment could be avoided if children received the proper dental care at earlier ages. Development of occlusion is a genetically and environmentally conditioned process, which shows a great deal of individual variations, and consequently, for the development of an acceptable occlusion, quite a remarkable co-ordination of different events is necessary. The development of occlusion depends on a number of conditions, like muscular pressure, habits, availability of space, etc. This development is coincident with the growth of all tissues associated with the dental apparatus, including the nose, maxillary sinuses, facial bones and muscles. Failure in one part of the development process may lead to anomalies, or else may be compensated for by other developmental processes. Thus Proper care of the developing deciduous and permanent teeth, both at the dental office and at home, is important for the appropriate development of occlusion. and timely diagnosis followed by appropriate interception can prevent any developing malocclusion. This article is an overview which depicts (1) periods of development of occlusion, (2) outline the development of normal occlusion in the pediatric patient and (3) explain what occlusion of the teeth is and why it is important.

Modified Intra-alveolar appliance — Case report

Arch space/ Tooth size discrepancy occurs whenever there is a early loss of the deciduous molars which eventually leads to malocclusion. Prevention of this discrepancy has always been a challenge for a pediatric dentist. This case report describes modified bilateral distal shoe appliance fabricated due to inadequate abutment support.

The Role of the Pediatric Dentist in the Multidisciplinary Management of the Cleft Lip Palate Patient

The focus of this paper is the pediatric dental care of Cleft Lip and Palate (CLP) children and the role of the pediatric dentist in the CLP team. The management of children with cleft lip and palate presents many challenges and a multidisciplinary and prepared team is always required. Affected individuals present a multiplicity of problems: effective management involves a wide range of specialities. The value of a multidisciplinary team is widely known and mentioned in the literature, but very few papers focus on the role and the importance of the pediatric dentist. Therefore, the purpose of this article is to underline the role of the pediatric dentist as a member of the cleft lip and palate team which ranges from prenatal counseling, presurgical prevention and orthopedics, to post-treatment rehabilitation and restoration.

The importance of Pediatric Dentistry in identifying child sexual abuse situations

Introduction: Human Papilloma Virus (HPV) is a virus prevalent in the general population and is considered a sexually transmitted infection, and can be transmitted by non-sexual forms such as casual contact and vertical transmission. The virus is considered the etiologic agent of some carcinomas, inducing the appearance of pathologies such as cervical cancer and oropharyngeal cancer. When it occurs in children, it may be the first indication of sexual abuse, emphasizing that sexual assault represents the main form of contamination by human papillomavirus (HPV) in children from five years old. Objective: To report a case of diagnosis of injury from the Human Papilloma Virus (HPV) and identification of sexual abuse in a child, with the purpose of showing the importance of pediatric dentistry in the diagnosis of violence suffered by patients, raising awareness among the dental class. Results and Discussion: The closest family members are the main responsible and often the child aggressors themselves and, therefore, it is worth noting that those responsible for mistreating their children hardly take their children to the pediatric dentist more than once, in order not to be discovered4. Thus, it is up to the professional to pay attention to the child's behaviour during the consultation and carry out detailed anamnesis and clinical examination. Final considerations: In addition, the professional has the obligation of reporting cases of abuse to the competent body, thus promoting the removal of the child abuser and preventing further episodes like this from continuing to cause traumas in them.