scholarly journals Increased Amygdala Activity Associated With Cognitive Reappraisal Strategy in Functional Neurologic Disorder

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas Hassa ◽  
Stefan Spiteri ◽  
Roger Schmidt ◽  
Christian Merkel ◽  
Mircea Ariel Schoenfeld
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Reappraisal ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Neurologic Disorder ◽  
Affective Stimuli ◽  
Negative Images ◽  
Amygdala Activity ◽  
Emotion Regulation Strategy ◽  
Valence And Arousal ◽  
The Right ◽  
The Impact

Cognitive reappraisal is an emotion regulation strategy to reduce the impact of affective stimuli. This regulation could be incomplete in patients with functional neurologic disorder (FND) resulting in an overflowing emotional stimulation perpetuating symptoms in FND patients. Here we employed functional MRI to study cognitive reappraisal in FND. A total of 24 FND patients and 24 healthy controls employed cognitive reappraisal while seeing emotional visual stimuli in the scanner. The Symptom Checklist-90-R (SCL-90-R) was used to evaluate concomitant psychopathologies of the patients. During cognitive reappraisal of negative IAPS images FND patients show an increased activation of the right amygdala compared to normal controls. We found no evidence of downregulation in the amygdala during reappraisal neither in the patients nor in the control group. The valence and arousal ratings of the IAPS images were similar across groups. However, a subgroup of patients showed a significant higher account of extreme low ratings for arousal for negative images. These low ratings correlated inversely with the item “anxiety” of the SCL-90-R. The increased activation of the amygdala during cognitive reappraisal suggests altered processing of emotional stimuli in this region in FND patients.

S275 – Nasal Morphology and Nasal Patency in Leprosy Patients

2008 ◽  
Vol 139 (2_suppl) ◽  
pp. P167-P167
Author(s):  
Maria Teresa Torres Larrosa ◽  
Luis Jorge Peréz Peréz ◽  
Juan-Jose Artazkoz-del Toro
Keyword(s):  
Drug Therapy ◽  
Therapy Group ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Nasal Patency ◽  
Multidrug Therapy ◽  
Airway Patency ◽  
Expiratory Resistance ◽  
Leprosy Patients ◽  
The Right ◽  
The Impact

Objectives 1) To assess the impact of multi-drug leprosy therapy on the development of nasal deformities and nasal airway patency. 2) Evaluate the nasal morphology and nasal patency in leprosy patients treated with the multidrug therapy in comparison with patients treated with 1 drug therapy and a group of healthy volunteers. Methods In an overall group of 84 patients studied, 38 were treated with a therapy based on a single drug, and 22 were treated with multi-drug therapy, while 24 subjects formed a control group. We used anterior rhinoscopy to analised the morphology of the nose. We meassured the nasal inspiratory and expiratory resistance of the right and left nostrils and total nasal inspiratory and expiratory resistance at a transnasal pressure of 150 Pa. by using active anterior rhinomanometry. The statistical analysis was carried out using the Varianza analisys. Results The nasal structures in the 1-drug therapy group underwent bone and cartilaginous resorption with an increase in nasal resistances. We found significant statistical differences between the resistance values obtained in this group and the control group (p<0,05). In the multidrug therapy group, the morphology of the nose remains as in healthy patients. No significant statistical differences were found between the resistance values obtained in the multidrug therapy patients and the control group (P>0,05). Conclusions The multidrug therapy prevents developing nasal deformities and maintains a normal nasal airflow.

scholarly journals The Effects of Ankle Sprain on Balance Tests in Adolescent Volleyball Players with Previous History of Ankle Sprain

2014 ◽  
Vol 2 (11_suppl3) ◽  
pp. 2325967114S0018
Author(s):  
Ceyda Sarıal ◽  
Abdulhamıt Tayfur ◽  
Beyza Kap ◽  
Dılara Donder ◽  
Ozum Melıs Ertuzun ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ankle Sprain ◽  
Previous History ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Balance Test ◽  
Balance Tests ◽  
Volleyball Players ◽  
History Of ◽  
One Year ◽  
The Right ◽  
The Impact

Objectives: To investigate the impact of having previous history of inversion ankle sprain on balance tests in adolescent volleyball players. Methods: Fourty-five adolescent volleyball players with mean age of 15.26±1.03 participated in our study. Twenty-nine were uninjured (control group) and sixteen had previously experienced inversion injuries on right ankle. 9 players had the injury more than than one year ago and 7 players had it before six to twelf months. Balancing abilities were evaluated by Star Excursion Balance Test (SEBT) and Single Limb Hurdle Test (SLHT). The fact that players with history of injury had the ankle sprain at right foot led us to perform the measurements in the control group also for the right foot. We compared the results of injured and uninjured players on both tests. Results: Uninjured players' reaching distance on right foot was found out to be significantly more than in players with ankle sprain at medial and posteromedial directions of SEBT(p<.05), whereas there were no differences detected for the other directions (p>.05). For comparing athletes' performances with SLHT, finishing time was found significantly better in uninjured players (p<.05). Conclusion: Adolescent volleyball players with history of injury show lower performance on balance tests compared to uninjured players. This demonstrates that they should be given a training including balance and stabilization programs.

The influence of intellectual disability on longitudinal arching and symmetry of lateral and medial load of the foot

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 29-34
Author(s):  
Marta Bibro ◽  
Agnieszka Jankowicz-Szymańska ◽  
Katarzyna Wódka ◽  
Małgorzata Łaczek-Wójtowicz
Keyword(s):  
Intellectual Disability ◽  
Intellectual Disabilities ◽  
Down's Syndrome ◽  
Down’S Syndrome ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Functional Efficiency ◽  
Flat Feet ◽  
People With Intellectual Disabilities ◽  
The Right ◽  
The Impact

Background: In the population of people with intellectual disabilities (ID) there is a frequent occurrence of bone deformities and orthopedic problems affecting the feet as well. They are associated with a change of the loading of the feet. It affects the deterioration of the functional efficiency of the feet, often contributes to discomfort, pain and predisposes to the development of adverse changes in the upper body segments. The aim of the study was to assess the impact of intellectual disability in participants with aetiology other than Down’s syndrome on longitudinal arching and symmetry of lateral and medial load of the foot. Materials and methods: There were 38 participants with mild and moderate intellectual disability, with an average age of 23 years and 44 young non-disabled people with an average age of 20.8 under research. The main measurement tool used to assess the arching and loading the foot zones was the BTS P-WALK platform. The measurement included analysis in terms of statics and lasted 30s. Results: The comparison of both groups showed no significant differentiation in the medial and lateral load of the forefoot and rearfoot. Among people with ID correct arches of the feet were observed in 52.6% of participants in the right foot and 57.9% of the left foot, while in the control group in 56.9% in both the right and left foot. People with intellectual disabilities were characterized by a higher rate of flatfoot in relation to the control group. The hollow foot was more frequently observed in control group than in people with ID. Conclusions: In people with intellectual disabilities with aetiology other than Down’s syndrome, flat feet are diagnosed more often than in healthy peers who do not differ in body weight and BMI. Intellectual disability is associated with a greater loading of the medial part of the forefoot.

Novel Deployment of Tracers Leads to High-Confidence Results

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Claudio R Ramos
Keyword(s):  
Production Performance ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Petroleum Reservoir ◽  
Course Of Action ◽  
New Findings ◽  
The Right ◽  
Stimulation Efficiency ◽  
Surfactant Effects ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Well Completions

Abstract A unique well-tracing design for three horizontally drilled wells is presented utilizing proppant tracers and water- and hydrocarbon-soluble tracers to evaluate multiple completion strategies. Results are combined to present an interpretation of them in the reservoir as a whole, where applicable, as well as on an individual well basis. The new approach consists of tracing the horizontal well(s) leaving unchanged segments along the wellbore to obtain relevant control group results not available otherwise. The application of the tracers throughout each wellbore was designed to mitigate or counterbalance variables out of the controllable completion engineering parameters such as heterogeneity along the wellbores, existing reservoir depletion, intra- and inter-well hydraulically driven interactions (frac hits) as well as to minimize any unloading and production biases. Completion strategies are provided, and all the evaluation methodologies are described in detail to permit readers to replicate the approach. One field case study with five horizontal wells is presented. Three infill wells were drilled between two primary wells of varying ages. All wells are shale oil wells with approximately 7,700 ft lateral sections. The recovery of each tracer is compared between the surfactant treated and untreated segments on each well and totalized to see how the petroleum reservoir system is performing. A complete project economic analysis was performed to determine the viability of a chemical additive (a production enhancement surfactant). Meticulous analysis and interpretation of the proppant image logs were performed to discern the cluster stimulation efficiency during the hydraulic fracturing treatments. Furthermore, comparisons of the cluster stimulation efficiency between the two mesh sizes of proppant pumped are also provided for each of the three new unconventional well completions. The most significant new findings are the surfactant effects on the wells’ production performance, and the impact the engineered perforations with tapered shots along the stages had on the stimulation efficiency. Both the right chemistry for the formation and higher cluster stimulation efficiencies are important because they can lead to increased well oil production. The novelty of this tracing design methodology rests in the ability to generate results with a statistically relevant sample size, therefore, increasing the confidence in the conclusions and course of action in future well completions.

The German Integration Panel: how to measure the influence of integration courses on migrants integration?

2014 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 43-55
Author(s):  
Nina Rother
Keyword(s):  
Language Proficiency ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Language Skills ◽  
German Society ◽  
German Language ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Key Issues ◽  
Large Scale Survey ◽  
The Right ◽  
The Impact

In 2005, Germany’s Federal Government introduced integration courses in order to enable migrants to improve their German language skills and thereby also their general integration into German society. From 2005 to 2007, about 500,000 migrants were granted the right to take part in an integration course. Several methodological challenges had to be overcome when establishing the German Integration Panel, a longitudinal survey aimed at analysing the efficiency and sustainability of integration courses and the impact they have on general integration processes. Among the key issues of this large-scale survey was its global design, especially the composition and accessibility of a control group of non-course participants as well as the assessment of German language proficiency. 

“Don’t Miss!” The Debilitating Effects of Suppressive Imagery on Golf Putting Performance

2001 ◽  
Vol 23 (3) ◽  
pp. 200-221 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sian L. Beilock ◽  
James A. Afremow ◽  
Amy L. Rabe ◽  
Thomas H. Carr
Keyword(s):  
Control Group ◽  
Golf Putting ◽  
Frequent Application ◽  
Negative Error ◽  
Imagery Group ◽  
Negative Images ◽  
The Impact

The present study examined the impact of suppressive imagery (i.e., trying to avoid a particular error), the frequency of this suppression, and attempts to replace negative error-ridden images with positive ones on golf putting performance. Novice golfers (N = 126) were assigned to a no-imagery control group or to 1 of 6 groups in a 3 × 2 design, with imagery type (positive, suppression, suppression-replacement) and imagery frequency (before every putt, before every third putt) as factors. Results showed that the accuracy of the positive imagery group improved across imaging blocks—regardless of imagery frequency. The suppression and suppression-replacement imagery groups’ accuracy improved when imaging before every third putt, yet declined when imaging before every putt. These findings suggest that frequent application of suppressive imagery hurts performance and that attempting to replace negative images with corrective ones does not ameliorate the damage.

scholarly journals Implication of an Objectivist-Constructivist Blended Approach on Students’ Achievement and Satisfaction in University-Level Beginner String Technique Classes

2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 173
Author(s):  
Shafizan Bin Sabri
Keyword(s):  
Teaching And Learning ◽  
Instructional Material ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Quasi Experimental ◽  
Equivalent Control ◽  
University Level ◽  
Teaching Music ◽  
Efficient Learning ◽  
The Right ◽  
The Impact

<p><em>Teaching music generally implicates multidimensional process whereby an assortment of approaches should be incorporated in order to provide the right and proper ambience for teaching and learning process. The need to explore and further understand the complexity in teaching beginner string technique class instigates the study which explore the implication of an objectivist-constructivist blended approach for teaching beginners string technique class. This paper explores the impact of blended-approach teaching on students’ achievement and satisfaction in Malaysian university-level beginner string technique classes. Using a quasi-experimental non-equivalent control group post-test only design, students (N = 40) from two local public universities were assigned to one of two treatment condition: experimental group, where students were presented with blended approach instructional material, and control group, where students were presented with conventional instructional material. Students completed the course of 14 weeks. The implementation results revealed that the proposed blended approach contributes to meaningful and efficient learning.</em></p>

scholarly journals The neural mechanisms able to predict future emotion regulation decisions

2017 ◽  
Vol 118 (3) ◽  
pp. 1824-1827 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert Colin Alan Bendall
Keyword(s):  
Emotion Regulation ◽  
Prefrontal Cortex ◽  
Neural Activity ◽  
Cognitive Reappraisal ◽  
Neuropsychiatric Disorders ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Neural Mechanisms ◽  
Psychological Well Being ◽  
Affective Stimuli ◽  
Emotion Regulation Strategy

Emotion regulation is crucial in maintaining healthy psychological well-being, and its dysregulation is often linked to a range of neuropsychiatric disorders including depression. The neurobiological underpinnings of cognitive reappraisal, an emotion regulation strategy, have been shown to include the amygdala and regions of the prefrontal cortex. A novel study by Doré, Weber, and Ochsner ( J Neurosci 37: 2580–2588, 2017) has demonstrated that neural activity in these regions during uninstructed visualization of affective stimuli can successfully predict which individuals are more likely to subsequently employ emotion regulation, and under what circumstances.

scholarly journals An examination of emotion regulation strategy use on recognition memory

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Beverley K. Fredborg
Keyword(s):  
Emotion Regulation ◽  
Emotional Response ◽  
Emotional Responses ◽  
Strategy Use ◽  
Negative Images ◽  
Emotion Regulation Strategy ◽  
Emotional Events ◽  
Study Participants ◽  
The Impact ◽  
With Memory

Emotion regulation (ER) refers to the use of various strategies to modify an emotional response and has important implications for memory of emotional events. During this study, participants were instructed to first enhance, maintain, or suppress their emotional responses while viewing unpleasant and neutral images and then report the ER strategies they used during the task. A surprise memory test for these images known as the Remember/Know procedure was then conducted immediately after encoding and following a one-week delay. Overall, negative images were better remembered than neutral images. Moreover, images paired with the instruction to enhance one’s emotional responses were better remembered than images paired with the instruction to maintain or suppress, on the first test day only. Specific types of ER strategies used were not reliably associated with memory for emotional images. This research is the first to inform of the impact of spontaneous ER strategy use on memory.

scholarly journals An examination of emotion regulation strategy use on recognition memory

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Beverley K. Fredborg
Keyword(s):  
Emotion Regulation ◽  
Emotional Response ◽  
Emotional Responses ◽  
Strategy Use ◽  
Negative Images ◽  
Emotion Regulation Strategy ◽  
Emotional Events ◽  
Study Participants ◽  
The Impact ◽  
With Memory

Emotion regulation (ER) refers to the use of various strategies to modify an emotional response and has important implications for memory of emotional events. During this study, participants were instructed to first enhance, maintain, or suppress their emotional responses while viewing unpleasant and neutral images and then report the ER strategies they used during the task. A surprise memory test for these images known as the Remember/Know procedure was then conducted immediately after encoding and following a one-week delay. Overall, negative images were better remembered than neutral images. Moreover, images paired with the instruction to enhance one’s emotional responses were better remembered than images paired with the instruction to maintain or suppress, on the first test day only. Specific types of ER strategies used were not reliably associated with memory for emotional images. This research is the first to inform of the impact of spontaneous ER strategy use on memory.

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