The influence of intellectual disability on longitudinal arching and symmetry of lateral and medial load of the foot

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 29-34
Author(s):  
Marta Bibro ◽  
Agnieszka Jankowicz-Szymańska ◽  
Katarzyna Wódka ◽  
Małgorzata Łaczek-Wójtowicz
Keyword(s):  
Intellectual Disability ◽  
Intellectual Disabilities ◽  
Down's Syndrome ◽  
Down’S Syndrome ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Functional Efficiency ◽  
Flat Feet ◽  
People With Intellectual Disabilities ◽  
The Right ◽  
The Impact

Background: In the population of people with intellectual disabilities (ID) there is a frequent occurrence of bone deformities and orthopedic problems affecting the feet as well. They are associated with a change of the loading of the feet. It affects the deterioration of the functional efficiency of the feet, often contributes to discomfort, pain and predisposes to the development of adverse changes in the upper body segments. The aim of the study was to assess the impact of intellectual disability in participants with aetiology other than Down’s syndrome on longitudinal arching and symmetry of lateral and medial load of the foot. Materials and methods: There were 38 participants with mild and moderate intellectual disability, with an average age of 23 years and 44 young non-disabled people with an average age of 20.8 under research. The main measurement tool used to assess the arching and loading the foot zones was the BTS P-WALK platform. The measurement included analysis in terms of statics and lasted 30s. Results: The comparison of both groups showed no significant differentiation in the medial and lateral load of the forefoot and rearfoot. Among people with ID correct arches of the feet were observed in 52.6% of participants in the right foot and 57.9% of the left foot, while in the control group in 56.9% in both the right and left foot. People with intellectual disabilities were characterized by a higher rate of flatfoot in relation to the control group. The hollow foot was more frequently observed in control group than in people with ID. Conclusions: In people with intellectual disabilities with aetiology other than Down’s syndrome, flat feet are diagnosed more often than in healthy peers who do not differ in body weight and BMI. Intellectual disability is associated with a greater loading of the medial part of the forefoot.

scholarly journals Understanding violence when the perpetrator has an intellectual disability: The perceptions of professionals

2017 ◽  
Vol 23 (4) ◽  
pp. 552-566 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew Lovell ◽  
Joanne Skellern
Keyword(s):  
Intellectual Disability ◽  
Data Analysis ◽  
Qualitative Study ◽  
Intellectual Disabilities ◽  
The Other ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Violent Behaviour ◽  
People With Intellectual Disabilities ◽  
Views And Perceptions ◽  
The Impact

Aim: The research sought to enhance professional understanding of the violence perpetrated by some people with an intellectual disability. Background: The violent behaviour exhibited by some people with intellectual disabilities remains poorly understood, particularly with regard to a clear and informative definition. Design: A qualitative study investigated the views and perceptions of professionals working directly with people with an intellectual disability in different settings. Methods: Twenty-two semi-structured interviews were undertaken with professionals from a variety of backgrounds, and four themes were generated through data analysis. Findings: Themes produced comprised the degree of intellectual disability, impulsivity, intentionality and unpredictability. Findings indicated tension between understanding violence as purposeful and explaining it in relation to the intellectual disability and/or additional conditions. Conclusion: Intellectual disability is central to understanding the impact of the other three themes, though there is a professional reluctance to use such knowledge as evidence to inform practice.

Offending Behaviours in People with Intellectual Disabilities

2020 ◽  
pp. 169-180
Author(s):  
John L. Taylor ◽  
William R. Lindsay ◽  
John Devapriam
Keyword(s):  
Intellectual Disability ◽  
Intellectual Disabilities ◽  
Service Level ◽  
Violent Behaviour ◽  
Sexually Aggressive ◽  
Assessment And Treatment ◽  
People With Intellectual Disabilities ◽  
Offending Behaviour ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship

Offending behaviour and intellectual disability has long been—erroneously—associated in the literature and this misattribution has shaped services for this population. In this chapter, the relationship between intellectual disability and criminality is described along with the impact on the care and treatment of people in this population. Developments in the assessment of risk are outlined and clinical interventions for fire setting, sexually aggressive and violent behaviour are detailed, along with consideration of service level outcomes. Over the last 20 years or so there have been significant developments in clinical assessment and treatment approaches for people with intellectual disabilities who offend, however more rigorous and larger scale research is required to support further advances.

scholarly journals The potential for person-centred planning to support the community participation of adults with an intellectual disability

2021 ◽  
pp. 174462952110221
Author(s):  
Darren McCausland ◽  
Esther Murphy ◽  
Mary McCarron ◽  
Philip McCallion
Keyword(s):  
Intellectual Disability ◽  
Mixed Methods ◽  
Community Participation ◽  
Social Inclusion ◽  
Mixed Methods Approach ◽  
Complex Needs ◽  
Qualitative Case Studies ◽  
Quantitative Analyses ◽  
The Right ◽  
The Impact

Person-centred planning (PCP) puts individuals with an intellectual disability at the centre of service and support planning, identifying how individuals wish to live their lives and what is needed to make that possible. PCP has been identified as having the potential to facilitate improved social inclusion and community participation. A mixed-methods approach combined quantitative analyses with qualitative case studies of individuals with severe-profound intellectual disability to assess the impact of PCP on community participation for adults with an intellectual disability at a disability service in Dublin. We conclude that PCP may provide a good basis to plan community participation and, with the right supports in place, may provide opportunities for people with complex needs to improve their community participation. Supports including familiar staff and family are critical to the success of PCP for people with complex needs, and their absence may undermine the best intentions of PCP for this population.

scholarly journals Sexual Health in Spanish People with Intellectual Disability: the Impact of the Lockdown due to COVID-19

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Dolores Gil-Llario ◽  
Irene Díaz-Rodríguez ◽  
Vicente Morell-Mengual ◽  
Beatriz Gil-Juliá ◽  
Rafael Ballester-Arnal
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Abuse ◽  
Sexual Behavior ◽  
Sexual Health ◽  
Intellectual Disabilities ◽  
Sexual Activity ◽  
Policy Implications ◽  
The People ◽  
People With Intellectual Disabilities ◽  
Technological Improvements ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Introduction The lockdown due to COVID-19 affected the sexual health of the people with intellectual disabilities by differentially modifying the frequency and characteristics of people’s sexual activity depending on whether or not they lived with a partner during this period. The aim of this study was to analyze the extent to which the sexual behavior of people with intellectual disabilities (with and without a partner) was affected during the lockdown. Methods The sample consisted of 73 people with intellectual disabilities between 21 and 63 years old (M = 39.63; SD = 10.11). The variables analyzed were the physical, social, and technological environment during the lockdown, sexual appetite, sexual behavior, online sexual activity, and sexual abuse. The data were collected between the months of May and June of 2020. Results The lockdown increased the sexual appetite of a third of the sample (38%), especially the youngest participants. Sexual activity focused on autoeroticism and online behavior, particularly sending nude images of oneself (88%) and viewing pornography (83.6%). Rates of sexual abuse during this period were relatively high (6.8%). Conclusions The sexual activity of people with ID was important during the lockdown, and they had to adapt to the circumstances of isolation in a similar way to the general population. Technological improvements in terms of devices and connection quality at home allowed their sexual behavior to be reoriented, opening the door to new risks for the sexual health of people with ID. Policy Implications Cybersex and the increase in sexual abuse due to confinement are aspects that should be included in programs to improve the sexual health of this group.

S275 – Nasal Morphology and Nasal Patency in Leprosy Patients

2008 ◽  
Vol 139 (2_suppl) ◽  
pp. P167-P167
Author(s):  
Maria Teresa Torres Larrosa ◽  
Luis Jorge Peréz Peréz ◽  
Juan-Jose Artazkoz-del Toro
Keyword(s):  
Drug Therapy ◽  
Therapy Group ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Nasal Patency ◽  
Multidrug Therapy ◽  
Airway Patency ◽  
Expiratory Resistance ◽  
Leprosy Patients ◽  
The Right ◽  
The Impact

Objectives 1) To assess the impact of multi-drug leprosy therapy on the development of nasal deformities and nasal airway patency. 2) Evaluate the nasal morphology and nasal patency in leprosy patients treated with the multidrug therapy in comparison with patients treated with 1 drug therapy and a group of healthy volunteers. Methods In an overall group of 84 patients studied, 38 were treated with a therapy based on a single drug, and 22 were treated with multi-drug therapy, while 24 subjects formed a control group. We used anterior rhinoscopy to analised the morphology of the nose. We meassured the nasal inspiratory and expiratory resistance of the right and left nostrils and total nasal inspiratory and expiratory resistance at a transnasal pressure of 150 Pa. by using active anterior rhinomanometry. The statistical analysis was carried out using the Varianza analisys. Results The nasal structures in the 1-drug therapy group underwent bone and cartilaginous resorption with an increase in nasal resistances. We found significant statistical differences between the resistance values obtained in this group and the control group (p<0,05). In the multidrug therapy group, the morphology of the nose remains as in healthy patients. No significant statistical differences were found between the resistance values obtained in the multidrug therapy patients and the control group (P>0,05). Conclusions The multidrug therapy prevents developing nasal deformities and maintains a normal nasal airflow.

Stability of maternal serum free β-hCG following whole blood sample transit: First trimester Down’s syndrome screening in Scotland

2021 ◽  
pp. 000456322110452
Author(s):  
Angela Ballantyne ◽  
Lorna Rashid ◽  
Rebecca Pattenden
Keyword(s):  
Transit Time ◽  
Down's Syndrome ◽  
Down’S Syndrome ◽  
First Trimester ◽  
Maternal Serum ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Serum Free ◽  
Β Hcg ◽  
In Transit ◽  
The Impact

Background Maternal serum free beta human chorionic gonadotrophin (free β-hCG) is used as a biomarker in first trimester screening for fetal Down’s syndrome. Production of free β-hCG can occur in vitro in a time- and temperature-dependent manner; thus, the current Scottish screening protocol states samples must be received by the laboratory within 72 h. To assess the validity of the protocol, an audit was conducted to determine the impact of transit time on maternal serum free β-hCG multiple of median (MoM) values in the Scottish screened population. Methods Corrected MoM values from antenatal screening carried out over one year (April 2017 to March 2018) were stratified according to sample transit time and compared. To investigate possible environmental temperature effects, the data were split according to season and maternal serum free β-hCG concentrations from summer and winter compared. Results Of the 28,368 samples included in the study, 24,368 were received on the day of phlebotomy or after one day in transit. Only 1.5% of samples were received after 3 days in transit. The difference in maternal serum free β-hCG MoM values due to transit time was not significant. No statistical difference was found between maternal serum free β-hCG concentrations from samples collected in summer and winter months. Conclusion The current sample receipt protocol in use by the Scottish Down’s syndrome screening programme is fit for purpose.

A systematic review of adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) with people with intellectual disabilities: an unsafe gap in the literature

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Chloe Crompton ◽  
Bethany Duncan ◽  
Graham Simpson-Adkins
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Intellectual Disabilities ◽  
Adverse Childhood Experiences ◽  
World Health ◽  
Inclusion Criteria ◽  
Childhood Experiences ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Adverse Childhood ◽  
People With Intellectual Disabilities ◽  
The Impact

Purpose This paper aims to systematically review the available evidence that explores adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) in people with intellectual disabilities (PwID). It is important to systematically review this literature as, to date, there is little known about the number of studies in this area, despite the World Health Organization declaring ACE prevention and support as a global public health priority. Design/methodology/approach Published studies were identified from electronic database searches. Key journals and reference lists were also hand searched. Findings Two studies met the inclusion criteria and the prevalence and frequency of ACEs experienced by participants of these studies analysed. Overall, due to the small number of studies meeting the inclusion criteria, it is difficult to establish any meaningful conclusions. Originality/value This appears to be the first systematic review to try and identify a research base looking at the prevalence of ACEs within a PwID population. Findings suggest that this is a highly neglected area of research, and the authors hope to have identified that further evidence is required to draw clearer conclusions about the impact of ACEs on PwID.

Cerulean Cataract in a Person with Down s Syndrome

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Madbouhi K ◽  
◽  
Cherkaoui O ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Visual Acuity ◽  
Clinical Examination ◽  
Down's Syndrome ◽  
Anterior Segment ◽  
Down’S Syndrome ◽  
Congenital Form ◽  
The Right ◽  
Radial Arrangement ◽  
Loss Of Visual Acuity

We report the case of an 18-year-old patient who consults for a loss of visual acuity in the right eye for 1 year. On clinical examination, visual acuity is 20/100. Eye tone is 12 mmhg. Examination of the anterior segment shows the existence of a cataract made up of whitish opacities corresponding to a congenital cerulean cataract (Figure 1). The treatment consisted of a cataract cure by phacoemulsification with good progress. Cerulean cataract is a rare congenital form of bluish tint, made up of whitish opacities in concentric layers with a radial arrangement at their center. Visual acuity is fairly good in childhood but may deteriorate later. In the literature, the incidence of cataracts in Down’s children ranges from 5% to 50%. In previous studies of congenital or infantile cataract, 3-5 % of cases were associated with Down’s syndrome [1].

Coping With Criticism and Praise

2015 ◽  
Vol 120 (3) ◽  
pp. 258-268 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lynn Esdale ◽  
Andrew Jahoda ◽  
Carol Pert
Keyword(s):  
Intellectual Disability ◽  
Positive Affect ◽  
Intellectual Disabilities ◽  
The Self ◽  
Self Perceptions ◽  
Stigma And Discrimination ◽  
People With Intellectual Disabilities ◽  
Study Participants

AbstractThrough experiencing stigma and discrimination, people with intellectual disability may become more sensitive to criticism from others and be less likely to believe praise. This study compared how people with and without intellectual disability viewed praise and criticism, using a vignette task developed for the study. Participants were asked to imagine someone saying something praiseworthy or critical and were then asked about their emotions, beliefs, and thoughts. People with intellectual disability were more likely to believe and be distressed by criticism. Contrary to predictions, this group were also more likely to believe praise and experience positive affect. The results suggest that the self-perceptions of people with intellectual disabilities is more dynamic and reliant on the views of others.

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