scholarly journals Effectiveness of an Individual Cognitive-Behavioral Intervention for Serious, Young Male Violent Offenders: Randomized Controlled Study With Twenty-Four-Month Follow-Up

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martin Lardén ◽  
Jens Högström ◽  
Niklas Långström
Keyword(s):  
Institutional Care ◽  
Young Male ◽  
Skills Training ◽  
Violent Offenders ◽  
Post Treatment ◽  
Cognitive Behavioral ◽  
Controlled Study ◽  
Criminal Recidivism ◽  
Intent To Treat

Background: Psychological recidivism-reducing interventions with serious, young violent offenders in residential care have unsatisfactory effects. We tested if a complementary individual cognitive behavioral therapy (iCBT) intervention focusing problem-solving, cognitive self-control, and relapse prevention reduces criminal recidivism beyond usual institutional care encompassing interventions such as social skills training and prosocial modeling (treatment-as-usual; TAU).Method: We consecutively approached 115 eligible serious, male violent crime offenders in five residential treatment homes run by the Swedish National Board of Institutional Care. Eighty-one (70%) 16 to 21-year-old youth at medium-high violent recidivism risk were included and randomized to an individualized 15 to 20-session CBT intervention plus TAU (n = 38) or to TAU-only (n = 43), 4–6 months before release to the community. Participants were assessed pre- and post-treatment, at 12 months (self-reported aggressive behavior, reconvictions) and 24 months (reconvictions) after release. Intent-to-treat analyses were applied.Results: The violent reconviction rate was slightly higher for iCBT+TAU vs. TAU-only youth at 12 months (34 vs. 23%, d = 0.30, 95% CI: −0.24 to 0.84) and 24 months following release (50 vs. 40%, d = 0.23, 95% CI: −0.25 to 0.72), but neither of these differences were significant. Cox regression modeling also suggested non-significantly, negligibly to slightly more violent, and any criminal recidivism in iCBT+TAU vs. TAU-only youth during the entire follow-up. Further, we found no significant between-group differences in conduct problems, aggression, and antisocial cognitions, although both iCBT+TAU and TAU-only participants reported small to large within-group reductions across outcome measures at post-treatment. Finally, the 12-month follow-up suggested marginally more DSM-5 Conduct Disorder (CD) symptoms of “aggression to people and animals” in iCBT+TAU vs. TAU-only youth (d = 0.10, 95% CI: −0.40 to 0.60) although this difference was not significant.Conclusion: We found no additive effect of individual CBT beyond group-based TAU in residential psychological treatment for serious, young male violent offenders. Limited sample size and substantial treatment dropout reduced the robustness of intent-to-treat effect estimates. We discuss the possible impact of treatment dose and integrity, participant retention, and TAU quality.

Randomized Study on the Efficacy of Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy for Insomnia Secondary to Breast Cancer, Part II: Immunologic Effects

2005 ◽  
Vol 23 (25) ◽  
pp. 6097-6106 ◽  
Author(s):  
Josée Savard ◽  
Sébastien Simard ◽  
Hans Ivers ◽  
Charles M. Morin
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Cognitive Behavioral Therapy ◽  
Behavioral Therapy ◽  
Post Treatment ◽  
Cognitive Behavioral ◽  
Chronic Insomnia ◽  
Controlled Study ◽  
Immune Functioning ◽  
Ifn Γ

Purpose Cross-sectional studies suggest that clinical insomnia is associated with immune downregulation. However, there is a definite need for experimental studies on this question. The goal of this randomized controlled study was to assess the effect of an 8-week cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) for chronic insomnia on immune functioning of breast cancer survivors. Previous analyses of this study showed that CBT was associated with improved sleep and quality of life, and reduced psychological distress. Patients and Methods Fifty-seven women with chronic insomnia secondary to breast cancer were randomly assigned to CBT (n = 27) or to a waiting-list control condition (WLC; n = 30). Peripheral-blood samples were taken at baseline and post-treatment (and postwaiting for WLC patients), as well as at 3-, 6-, and 12-month follow-up for immune measures, including enumeration of blood cell counts (ie, WBCs, monocytes, lymphocytes, CD3+, CD4+, CD8+, and CD16+/CD56+) and cytokine production (ie, interleukin-1-beta [IL-1β] and interferon gamma [IFN-γ]). Results Patients treated with CBT had higher secretion of IFN-γ and lower increase of lymphocytes at post-treatment compared with control patients. Pooled data from both treated groups indicated significantly increased levels of IFN-γ and IL-1β from pre- to post-treatment. In addition, significant changes in WBCs, lymphocytes, and IFN-γ were found at follow-up compared with post-treatment. Conclusion This study provides some support to the hypothesis of a causal relationship between clinical insomnia and immune functioning. Future studies are needed to investigate the clinical impact of such immune alterations.

349 Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for Insomnia in Patients with Chronic Pain - A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

SLEEP ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 44 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. A139-A140
Author(s):  
Janannii Selvanathan ◽  
Chi Pham ◽  
Mahesh Nagappa ◽  
Philip Peng ◽  
Marina Englesakis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Cognitive Behavioral Therapy ◽  
Cancer Pain ◽  
Behavioral Therapy ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Post Treatment ◽  
Cognitive Behavioral ◽  
Comorbid Insomnia ◽  
Patient Reported

Abstract Introduction Patients with chronic non-cancer pain often report insomnia as a significant comorbidity. Cognitive behavioral therapy for insomnia (CBT-I) is recommended as the first line of treatment for insomnia, and several randomized controlled trials (RCTs) have examined the efficacy of CBT-I on various health outcomes in patients with comorbid insomnia and chronic non-cancer pain. We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis on the effectiveness of CBT-I on sleep, pain, depression, anxiety and fatigue in adults with comorbid insomnia and chronic non-cancer pain. Methods A systematic search was conducted using ten electronic databases. The duration of the search was set between database inception to April 2020. Included studies must be RCTs assessing the effects of CBT-I on at least patient-reported sleep outcomes in adults with chronic non-cancer pain. Quality of the studies was assessed using the Cochrane risk of bias assessment and Yates quality rating scale. Continuous data were extracted and summarized using standard mean difference (SMD) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Results The literature search resulted in 7,772 articles, of which 14 RCTs met the inclusion criteria. Twelve of these articles were included in the meta-analysis. The meta-analysis comprised 762 participants. CBT-I demonstrated a large significant effect on patient-reported sleep (SMD = 0.87, 95% CI [0.55–1.20], p < 0.00001) at post-treatment and final follow-up (up to 9 months) (0.59 [0.31–0.86], p < 0.0001); and moderate effects on pain (SMD = 0.20 [0.06, 0.34], p = 0.006) and depression (0.44 [0.09–0.79], p= 0.01) at post-treatment. The probability of improving sleep and pain following CBT-I at post-treatment was 81% and 58%, respectively. The probability of improving sleep and pain at final follow-up was 73% and 57%, respectively. There were no statistically significant effects on anxiety and fatigue. Conclusion This systematic review and meta-analysis showed that CBT-I is effective for improving sleep in adults with comorbid insomnia and chronic non-cancer pain. Further, CBT-I may lead to short-term moderate improvements in pain and depression. However, there is a need for further RCTs with adequate power, longer follow-up periods, CBT for both insomnia and pain, and consistent scoring systems for assessing patient outcomes. Support (if any):

scholarly journals Translating Virtual Reality Cue Exposure Therapy for Binge Eating into a Real-World Setting: An Uncontrolled Pilot Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (7) ◽  
pp. 1511
Author(s):  
Katherine Nameth ◽  
Theresa Brown ◽  
Kim Bullock ◽  
Sarah Adler ◽  
Giuseppe Riva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Virtual Reality ◽  
Eating Disorder ◽  
Binge Eating ◽  
Real World ◽  
Exposure Therapy ◽  
Post Treatment ◽  
Cue Exposure ◽  
Treatment Gains ◽  
Intent To Treat

Binge-eating disorder (BED) and bulimia nervosa (BN) have adverse psychological and medical consequences. Innovative interventions, like the integration of virtual reality (VR) with cue-exposure therapy (VR-CET), enhance outcomes for refractory patients compared to cognitive behavior therapy (CBT). Little is known about the feasibility and acceptability of translating VR-CET into real-world settings. To investigate this question, adults previously treated for BED or BN with at least one objective or subjective binge episode/week were recruited from an outpatient university eating disorder clinic to receive up to eight weekly one-hour VR-CET sessions. Eleven of 16 (68.8%) eligible patients were enrolled; nine (82%) completed treatment; and 82% (9/11) provided follow-up data 7.1 (SD = 2.12) months post-treatment. Overall, participant and therapist acceptability of VR-CET was high. Intent-to-treat objective binge episodes (OBEs) decreased significantly from 3.3 to 0.9/week (p < 0.001). Post-treatment OBE 7-day abstinence rate for completers was 56%, with 22% abstinent for 28 days at follow-up. Among participants purging at baseline, episodes decreased from a mean of one to zero/week, with 100% abstinence maintained at follow-up. The adoption of VR-CET into real-world clinic settings appears feasible and acceptable, with a preliminary signal of effectiveness. Findings, including some loss of treatment gains during follow-up may inform future treatment development.

Cognitive behavioral therapy to reduce overt aggression behavior in Chinese young male violent offenders

2013 ◽  
Vol 40 (4) ◽  
pp. 329-336 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chen Chen ◽  
Chun Li ◽  
Hong Wang ◽  
Jian-Jun Ou ◽  
Jian-Song Zhou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Behavioral Therapy ◽  
Behavioral Therapy ◽  
Young Male ◽  
Violent Offenders ◽  
Cognitive Behavioral ◽  
Overt Aggression ◽  
Aggression Behavior

scholarly journals Effectiveness of Text Messaging for the Management of Psychological and Somatic Distress in Depressed and Anxious Outpatients

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 12-19
Author(s):  
Roberto Truzoli ◽  
Cecilia Rovetta ◽  
Eliana Nola ◽  
Luca Matteucci ◽  
Caterina Viganò
Keyword(s):  
Group Therapy ◽  
Patient Compliance ◽  
Text Messaging ◽  
Post Treatment ◽  
Cognitive Behavioral ◽  
Depression And Anxiety ◽  
Cognitive Behavioral Group Therapy ◽  
Treatment Of Depression ◽  
Behavioral Group

Background:Cognitive behavioral group therapy has developed several techniques in order to make the treatment of depressive and anxiety disorders more effective. Particularly, the “homework” is a tool in order to practice therapeutic skills in ecological settings. When working with this aim, it is often necessary to support patient compliance.Researches have shown the efficacy of sending a text to the patients in order to support the patient compliance, but only a few data are available on the effectiveness of sending text in the treatment of depression and anxiety.Objective:Verify the effectiveness of sending text in the treatment of depression and anxiety in order to support patient compliance.Methods:Participants were enrolled for cognitive behavioral group therapy. Once completed the treatment, a sub-group of participants (Yes SMS group) was reached by a weekly text message for the whole 3 months time between the end of the intervention and the scheduled follow-up session.All the participants were assessed for the overall psychopathological symptoms, depression, and anxiety before and after the group intervention, and at the 3 months follow up.Results:Both groups improved from pre to post-treatment in all the assessed dimensions; the enhancement endures up to the 3 months follow up.Comparing the two groups regardless of the diagnosis, the Yes SMS group shows significant better outcomes in depression at follow-up and in anxiety both at post-treatment and at follow-up.Conclusion:The weekly SMS as prompt seems to enhance the patient’s compliance.

scholarly journals An Integrative Neuro-Psychotherapy Treatment to Foster the Adjustment in Acquired Brain Injury Patients—A Randomized Controlled Study

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
pp. 1684
Author(s):  
Antoine Urech ◽  
Tobias Krieger ◽  
Eveline Frischknecht ◽  
Franziska Stalder-Lüthy ◽  
Martin grosse Holtforth ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Brain Injury ◽  
Brain Injuries ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Acquired Brain Injury ◽  
Post Treatment ◽  
Controlled Study ◽  
Randomized Controlled ◽  
Treatment Standard

Adjustment disorders (AjD) with depressive symptoms following an acquired brain injury (ABI) is a common phenomenon. Although brain injuries are increasing more and more, research on psychological therapies is comparably scarce. The present study compared, by means of a randomized controlled trial (RCT), a newly developed integrative treatment (Standard PLUS) to a standard neuropsychological treatment (Standard). Primary outcomes were depressive symptoms assessed with the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI-II) at post-treatment and 6-month follow-up assessment. In total, 25 patients (80% after a stroke) were randomized to one of the two conditions. Intention-to-treat analyses showed that the two groups did not significantly differ either at post-treatment nor at follow-up assessment regarding depressive symptoms. Both treatments showed large within-group effect sizes on depressive symptoms. Regarding secondary outcomes, patients in the Standard PLUS condition reported more emotion regulation skills at post-assessment than in the control condition. However, this difference was not present anymore at follow-up assessment. Both treatments showed medium to large within-group effects sizes on most measures for patients suffering from an AjD after ABI. More research with larger samples is needed to investigate who profits from which intervention.

scholarly journals A randomized controlled comparison of integrative cognitive-affective therapy (ICAT) and enhanced cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT-E) for bulimia nervosa

2013 ◽  
Vol 44 (3) ◽  
pp. 543-553 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. A. Wonderlich ◽  
C. B. Peterson ◽  
R. D. Crosby ◽  
T. L. Smith ◽  
M. H. Klein ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Eating Disorder ◽  
Cognitive Behavioral Therapy ◽  
Bulimia Nervosa ◽  
Behavioral Therapy ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Cognitive Behavioral ◽  
Randomized Controlled ◽  
Bulimic Symptoms ◽  
Intent To Treat

BackgroundThe purpose of this investigation was to compare a new psychotherapy for bulimia nervosa (BN), integrative cognitive-affective therapy (ICAT), with an established treatment, ‘enhanced’ cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT-E).MethodEighty adults with symptoms of BN were randomized to ICAT or CBT-E for 21 sessions over 19 weeks. Bulimic symptoms, measured by the Eating Disorder Examination (EDE), were assessed at baseline, at the end of treatment (EOT) and at the 4-month follow-up. Treatment outcome, measured by binge eating frequency, purging frequency, global eating disorder severity, emotion regulation, self-oriented cognition, depression, anxiety and self-esteem, was determined using generalized estimating equations (GEEs), logistic regression and a general linear model (intent-to-treat).ResultsBoth treatments were associated with significant improvement in bulimic symptoms and in all measures of outcome, and no statistically significant differences were observed between the two conditions at EOT or follow-up. Intent-to-treat abstinence rates for ICAT (37.5% at EOT, 32.5% at follow-up) and CBT-E (22.5% at both EOT and follow-up) were not significantly different.ConclusionsICAT was associated with significant improvements in bulimic and associated symptoms that did not differ from those obtained with CBT-E. This initial randomized controlled trial of a new individual psychotherapy for BN suggests that targeting emotion and self-oriented cognition in the context of nutritional rehabilitation may be efficacious and worthy of further study.

Beliefs, sense of control and treatment outcome in post-traumatic stress disorder

2002 ◽  
Vol 32 (1) ◽  
pp. 157-165 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. LIVANOU ◽  
M. BAOŞĞLU ◽  
I. M. MARKS ◽  
P. DE SILVA ◽  
H. NOSHIRVANI ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Treatment Outcome ◽  
Post Traumatic Stress Disorder ◽  
Traumatic Stress ◽  
Stress Disorder ◽  
Post Treatment ◽  
Controlled Study ◽  
Sense Of Control ◽  
Post Traumatic Stress ◽  
Post Traumatic

Background. Few studies have shown that maladaptive beliefs relate to treatment outcome.Method. In a randomized controlled study, 87 patients with post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) had exposure therapy alone or cognitive restructuring alone, or both combined, or relaxation. Independent blind assessors assessed patients at pre-, mid- and post-treatment and at follow-up; at those times patients rated cognitive, behavioural and emotional aspects of their disorder.Results. Baseline beliefs about mistrust, helplessness, meaninglessness and unjustness of the world related to baseline PTSD symptoms but did not predict treatment outcome, though improvement in certain beliefs correlated with more symptom improvement. Several ‘key’ beliefs changed after, and none before, symptoms improved. At post-treatment, sense of control and attribution of gains to personal efforts predicted maintenance of gains at follow-up.Conclusions. Baseline beliefs and improvement in beliefs did not predict outcome. Post-treatment sense of control/internal attribution predicted maintenance of gains at follow-up. How much sense of control is produced by or causes improvement deserves testing.

scholarly journals A Randomized Controlled Study of a Cognitive Behavioral Planning Intervention for College Students With ADHD: An Effectiveness Study in Student Counseling Services in Flanders

2018 ◽  
Vol 24 (6) ◽  
pp. 849-862 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Van der Oord ◽  
B. E. Boyer ◽  
Lotte Van dyck ◽  
K. J. Mackay ◽  
H. De Meyer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
College Students ◽  
Intervention Group ◽  
Specific Treatment ◽  
Cognitive Behavioral ◽  
Controlled Study ◽  
Counseling Services ◽  
Treatment Needs ◽  
Student Counseling ◽  
Planning Intervention

Objective: The effectiveness of a short (six session) individual cognitive behavioral planning intervention for college students with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) was tested. Method: In three student counseling services in Flanders, individuals with ADHD ( N = 58) were randomized to the intervention or waitlist condition. Pre- and posttreatment assessments were conducted, and within the intervention group, a 4-month follow-up was conducted. Primary outcomes were ADHD symptoms and study skills; secondary outcomes were comorbid symptoms and planning skills on a neuropsychological task. Results: Intent-to-treat analyses showed a significant interaction on one outcome: inattention symptoms. The treatment condition improved from pretest to posttest, whereas the waitlist did not. Other measures showed large significant time effects (improved skills, reduction of symptoms in both groups) but no interactions. Stability analyses were not possible due to substantial dropout at follow-up. Conclusion: Specific treatment effects are on one outcome (inattention) and modest; for further implementation, the treatment needs adaptation.

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