scholarly journals Catatonia: A Common Cause of Late Regression in Autism

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammad Ghaziuddin
Keyword(s):  
Age Of Onset ◽  
Neurodevelopmental Disorder ◽  
Functional Decline ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Restricted Interests ◽  
Term Outcome ◽  
Common Cause ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Motor Abnormalities

Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by social communication deficits and restricted interests and behaviors which begin very early in life. In about a quarter of cases, the symptoms emerge about 18–24 months after a period of normal development, a phenomenon commonly described as early regression. However, marked functional decline can also occur in persons with autism after a relatively stable childhood. As opposed to early regression, which occurs in normally developing children, late regression occurs typically in adolescents with an established diagnosis of autism. Apart from their occasional mention in the literature, these individuals have not been examined systematically. This Brief Report describes the presentation, comorbidity and short-term outcome of 20 persons with ASD who developed late regression. The mean age of onset of regression was 13 years. One of the earliest symptoms was an increase in obsessive slowing and compulsive rituals. Other symptoms included motor abnormalities, aggression and mood disturbance. The most common comorbid disorder was catatonia occurring in 17 patients. Despite treatment with several modalities, the outcome was often suboptimal. These findings suggest that catatonia is a common cause of late regression in persons with autism. Clinical and research implications are discussed.

Specialized Diet Therapies: Exploration for Improving Behavior in Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD)

2020 ◽  
Vol 27 (40) ◽  
pp. 6771-6786
Author(s):  
Geir Bjørklund ◽  
Nagwa Abdel Meguid ◽  
Maryam Dadar ◽  
Lyudmila Pivina ◽  
Joanna Kałużna-Czaplińska ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Autism Spectrum Disorder ◽  
Neurodevelopmental Disorder ◽  
Caloric Intake ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Spectrum Disorder ◽  
Nutritional Deficiencies ◽  
Childhood And Adolescence ◽  
Restricted Interests ◽  
Balanced Diet ◽  
The Individual

As a major neurodevelopmental disorder, Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) encompasses deficits in communication and repetitive and restricted interests or behaviors in childhood and adolescence. Its etiology may come from either a genetic, epigenetic, neurological, hormonal, or an environmental cause, generating pathways that often altogether play a synergistic role in the development of ASD pathogenesis. Furthermore, the metabolic origin of ASD should be important as well. A balanced diet consisting of the essential and special nutrients, alongside the recommended caloric intake, is highly recommended to promote growth and development that withstand the physiologic and behavioral challenges experienced by ASD children. In this review paper, we evaluated many studies that show a relationship between ASD and diet to develop a better understanding of the specific effects of the overall diet and the individual nutrients required for this population. This review will add a comprehensive update of knowledge in the field and shed light on the possible nutritional deficiencies, metabolic impairments (particularly in the gut microbiome), and malnutrition in individuals with ASD, which should be recognized in order to maintain the improved socio-behavioral habit and physical health.

scholarly journals Complete Dental Management of an Autism and Intellectual Disability Patient under General Anaesthesia: A Case Report

2021 ◽  
Vol 55 (8) ◽  
Author(s):  
Karin Nadia Firsty ◽  
Nailur Rahmy Wahdany ◽  
Dian Lupita Sari ◽  
Yesri Sasmita Purba ◽  
Tania Saskianti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Intellectual Disability ◽  
General Anaesthesia ◽  
Neurodevelopmental Disorder ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Recurrent Pain ◽  
Restricted Interests ◽  
Posterior Teeth ◽  
Dental Management ◽  
Left Posterior ◽  
Patient Cooperation

Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by persistent deficits in social communication and the presence of restricted interests and repetitive behaviours. Comorbidities following ASD, such as seizure, intellectual disability, and sensory impairment worsen patients’ ability to care for themselves. We present the case of a 22-year-old man with autism, intellectual disability and visual impairment who had recurrent pain in his upper and lower left posterior teeth that had cavities. On the first visit, the patient was observed and had panoramic x-ray. Clinical examination could not be done properly due to lack of patient cooperation. Restoration, pulp capping, tooth extraction, and odontectomy were planned under general anaesthesia.

scholarly journals Use of machine learning methods in prediction of short-term outcome in autism spectrum disorders

2018 ◽  
Vol 29 (3) ◽  
pp. 320-325 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mirac Baris Usta ◽  
Koray Karabekiroglu ◽  
Berkan Sahin ◽  
Muazzez Aydin ◽  
Abdullah Bozkurt ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Machine Learning ◽  
Autism Spectrum Disorders ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Learning Methods ◽  
Term Outcome ◽  
Machine Learning Methods ◽  
Short Term Outcome ◽  
Spectrum Disorders

scholarly journals Linking Autism Risk Genes to Disruption of Cortical Development

Cells ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (11) ◽  
pp. 2500
Author(s):  
Marta Garcia-Forn ◽  
Andrea Boitnott ◽  
Zeynep Akpinar ◽  
Silvia De Rubeis
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Association Studies ◽  
Neurodevelopmental Disorder ◽  
Cortical Development ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Repetitive Behaviors ◽  
Genome Wide Association Studies ◽  
Restricted Interests ◽  
Risk Genes ◽  
Whole Exome

Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a prevalent neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by impairments in social communication and social interaction, and the presence of repetitive behaviors and/or restricted interests. In the past few years, large-scale whole-exome sequencing and genome-wide association studies have made enormous progress in our understanding of the genetic risk architecture of ASD. While showing a complex and heterogeneous landscape, these studies have led to the identification of genetic loci associated with ASD risk. The intersection of genetic and transcriptomic analyses have also begun to shed light on functional convergences between risk genes, with the mid-fetal development of the cerebral cortex emerging as a critical nexus for ASD. In this review, we provide a concise summary of the latest genetic discoveries on ASD. We then discuss the studies in postmortem tissues, stem cell models, and rodent models that implicate recently identified ASD risk genes in cortical development.

scholarly journals The mean platelet volume and plateletcrit as predictors of short-term outcome of acute ischemic stroke

2019 ◽  
Vol 55 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Al-Amir Bassiouny Mohamed ◽  
Hassan Mohamed Elnady ◽  
Hazem Kamal Alhewaig ◽  
Hesham Moslem Hefny ◽  
Ashraf Khodery
Keyword(s):  
Ischemic Stroke ◽  
Acute Ischemic Stroke ◽  
Mean Platelet Volume ◽  
Platelet Volume ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Term Outcome ◽  
Short Term Outcome ◽  
The Mean

Distinct Autistic Traits Are Differentially Associated With the Width of the Multisensory Temporal Binding Window

2018 ◽  
Vol 31 (6) ◽  
pp. 523-536 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ayako Yaguchi ◽  
Souta Hidaka
Keyword(s):  
Neurodevelopmental Disorder ◽  
Continuous Distribution ◽  
Autistic Traits ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Audiovisual Integration ◽  
Autism Spectrum Quotient ◽  
Temporal Binding ◽  
Restricted Interests ◽  
Temporal Binding Window ◽  
And Behavior

Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by deficits in social communication and interaction, and restricted interests and behavior patterns. These characteristics are considered as a continuous distribution in the general population. People with ASD show atypical temporal processing in multisensory integration. Regarding the flash–beep illusion, which refers to how a single flash can be illusorily perceived as multiple flashes when multiple auditory beeps are concurrently presented, some studies reported that people with ASD have a wider temporal binding window and greater integration than typically developed people; others found the opposite or inconsistent tendencies. Here, we investigated the relationships between the manner of the flash–beep illusion and the various dimensions of ASD traits by estimating the degree of typically developed participants’ ASD traits including five subscales using the Autism-Spectrum Quotient. We found that stronger ASD traits of communication and social skill were associated with a wider and narrower temporal binding window respectively. These results suggest that specific ASD traits are differently involved in the particular temporal binding processes of audiovisual integration.

scholarly journals Non-Invasive Brain Stimulation for Children with Autism Spectrum Disorders: A Short-Term Outcome Study

2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 63 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lázaro Gómez ◽  
Belkis Vidal ◽  
Carlos Maragoto ◽  
Lilia Morales ◽  
Sheyla Berrillo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Autism Spectrum Disorders ◽  
Brain Stimulation ◽  
Children With Autism ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Outcome Study ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Term Outcome ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Short Term Outcome ◽  
Spectrum Disorders

Epidemiology of Rett Syndrome in Serbia: Prevalence, Incidence and Survival

2015 ◽  
Vol 44 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adrijan Sarajlija ◽  
Darija Kisic-Tepavcevic ◽  
Zorana Nikolic ◽  
Dusanka Savic Pavicevic ◽  
Slobodan Obradovic ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rett Syndrome ◽  
Neurodevelopmental Disorder ◽  
Early Death ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Vital Statistics ◽  
Significant Trend ◽  
Lethal Outcome ◽  
Common Cause ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
The Mean

Background: Rett syndrome (RTT) is a severe neurodevelopmental disorder that represents the second most common cause of mental retardation in females. However, incidence and prevalence of RTT are scarcely reported. Methods: A retrospective study included all patients with RTT diagnosed between 1981 and 2012 in Serbia. Estimation of incidence and prevalence was calculated on the basis of vital statistics reported by Statistical Office of Republic of Serbia. Results: From 1981 to 2012, RTT has been diagnosed in 102 girls in Serbia. Incidence of RTT in Serbia is estimated at 0.586:10,000 female live births. We estimated the prevalence of RTT in population of females younger than 19 years at 1:8,439. Death occurred in 19 patients (18.63%), with pneumonia as the most common cause. The lethal outcome by the age of 12 years could be expected for 11% of patients. The mean age at diagnosis was 3.5 years and we have confirmed a significant trend towards earlier dianosis during studied period. Conclusions: Rett syndrome incidence in Serbia is in accordance with reports from other countries. Serbian RTT patients have increased risk for early death when compared to patients in more developed countries, most commonly due to pneumonia. There was significant trend towards early diagnosis of RTT in Serbia over recent decades.

Single-Center Experience and Short-term Outcome with the JenaValve: A Second-Generation Transapical Transcatheter Aortic Valve Implantation Device

2014 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
pp. 368-374 ◽  
Author(s):  
Oliver Reuthebuch ◽  
Devdas Thomas Inderbitzin ◽  
Florian Ruter ◽  
Raban Jeger ◽  
Christoph Kaiser ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Aortic Valve ◽  
Transcatheter Aortic Valve Implantation ◽  
Second Generation ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Term Outcome ◽  
Transcatheter Aortic Valve ◽  
Short Term Outcome ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Aortic Valve Implantation ◽  
Valve Implantation

Objective We present the post-CE(Conformité Européenne)-mark single-center implantation experience and short-term outcome with the second-generation transapical JenaValve transcatheter aortic valve implantation system. Methods Patients [N = 27; 9 women; mean (SD) age, 80.3 (5.5) years] were operated on between November 2011 and August 2012. Via a transapical approach, the valve was positioned, in some cases, repositioned, and finally implanted. All data were collected during the hospital stay. Results The implantation success rate was 100%; the mean (SD) operation time was 124.7 (43.2) minutes; and the size of the implanted prosthesis was 23 mm (n = 6), 25 mm (n = 14), and 27 mm (n = 7). The in-hospital major adverse cardiac and cerebrovascular events were as follows: intraoperative resuscitation with subsequent aortic rupture (n = 1), postoperative hemorrhage needing revision (n = 1), myocardial infarction (n = 1), atrioventricular block needing a definitive pacemaker (n = 1), new-onset renal failure needing hemodialysis (n = 1), and stroke (n = 1). The 30-day mortality was 11.1% (n = 3). The mean (SD) intensive care unit/total stay was 2.2 (1.7)/11.7 (7.9) days. Postoperative echocardiography [day 6.7 (4.8)] revealed residual para-valvular leakage of trace to grade 1 in 12 patients (44.5%) and no leakage in 15 patients, with a mean (SD) transvalvular pressure gradient of 11.6 (5.6) mm Hg with significant reduction by 36.0 (17.7) mm Hg ( P = 0.0001, Wilcoxon signed rank test). Conclusions This second-generation repositionable transcatheter aortic valve implantation device could safely and successfully be implanted with a fast learning curve, significant reduction in pressure gradients, overall clinical improvement at discharge, as well as an acceptable morbidity and mortality rate in this highest-risk patient cohort.

scholarly journals Common Venues in Romantic Relationships of Adults With Symptoms of Autism and Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lorrayne Stephane Soares ◽  
Ana Luiza Costa Alves ◽  
Danielle de Souza Costa ◽  
Leandro Fernandes Malloy-Diniz ◽  
Jonas Jardim de Paula ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Romantic Relationships ◽  
Attention Deficit ◽  
Neurodevelopmental Disorders ◽  
Neurodevelopmental Disorder ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Passionate Love ◽  
Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
The Mean

Introduction: Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) and Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) figures among the most common neurodevelopmental disorders. Despite having opposite stereotypes, both ADHD and ASD compromise, though in different ways, skills such as social interactions, communication skills, and social thinking, which may underlie difficulties in romantic relationships.Methods: We evaluated 306 adults about their romantic relationships and the intensity of their love. Participants were from one of four groups:, individuals with ASD-only traits, a group with symptoms of ADHD-only, participants with neither ADHD nor ASD symptoms (control) or from a fourth group of individuals with both ADHD and ASD traits.Results: The ASD traits group had fewer married people and more people who have never been married, while the rate of divorce was higher in the ADHD traits group. Regarding the intensity of love, the mean scores of the ADHD and the ADHD+ASD traits groups were higher in the Passionate Love Scale than the mean score of the control group. Passionate love in the ASD group was no different from the other groups. Small positive correlations were found between passionate love and ADHD and ASD behavioral problems.Conclusion: Marital status was distinct depending on symptoms of a neurodevelopmental disorder in adulthood. Also, ADHD and ASD symptoms were associated with greater passionate love. Therefore, ADHD and ASD behavioral dimensions may impact long-term and short-term experiences of a person's relationship with a significant other in distinct ways. Understanding how people with neurodevelopmental disorders experience love might help us to better clarify the mechanisms associated with their relationship patterns.

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