scholarly journals Heterogeneity Within Youth With Childhood-Onset Conduct Disorder in the ABCD Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarah J. Brislin ◽  
Meghan E. Martz ◽  
Lora M. Cope ◽  
Jillian E. Hardee ◽  
Alexander Weigard ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Conduct Disorder ◽  
Longitudinal Research ◽  
Study Data ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Social Risk ◽  
Social Risk Factors ◽  
Childhood Onset ◽  
Relevant Variables ◽  
Prospective Longitudinal

The purpose of this study was to examine if personality traits can be used to characterize subgroups of youth diagnosed with childhood-onset conduct disorder (CD). Participants were 11,552 youth from the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development study. Data used in this report came from doi: 10.15154/1504041 (M age 9.92; 45.3% female, 49.6% white, 19.0% Hispanic). A subset of this sample (n = 365) met criteria for CD. Latent profile analyses (LPA) were performed on this subgroup (n = 365) to define profiles of individuals with CD based on self-report measures of impulsivity, punishment sensitivity, reward response, and callous-unemotional traits. Follow up analyses determined if these groups differed on clinically relevant variables including psychopathology, environmental risk factors, social risk factors, and neurocognitive functioning. Participants with a CD diagnosis scored significantly higher on psychological, environmental, social, and neurocognitive risk factors. The LPA revealed three unique profiles, which differed significantly on liability for broad psychopathology and domain-specific liability for externalizing psychopathology but were largely matched on environmental and social risk factors. These unique configurations provide a useful way to further parse clinically relevant subgroups within youth who meet criteria for childhood-onset CD, setting the stage for prospective longitudinal research using these latent profiles to better understand the development of youth with childhood-onset CD.

scholarly journals Heterogeneity within youth with early-onset conduct disorder in the ABCD study

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarah Brislin ◽  
Meghan E. Martz ◽  
Lora M. Cope ◽  
Jillian E. Hardee ◽  
Alexander Samuel Weigard ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Conduct Disorder ◽  
Longitudinal Research ◽  
Study Data ◽  
High Risk Group ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Social Risk ◽  
Social Risk Factors ◽  
Childhood Onset ◽  
Prospective Longitudinal

Objective: The purpose of this study was to examine if personality traits can be used to characterize mechanistic subgroups of youth diagnosed with childhood-onset conduct disorder (CD).Method: Participants were 11,552 youth from the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development study. Data used data used in this report came from DOI: 10.15154/1504041 (M age 9.92; 45.3% female, 49.6% white, 19.0% Hispanic), a subset of whom (n = 365) met criteria for CD. Latent profile analyses were used to define groups of individuals with CD based on their scores on child self-report measures of impulsivity, punishment and reward response, and callous-unemotional traits. Follow up analyses determined if these groups differed on clinically relevant variables including psychopathology, environmental risk factors, social risk factors, and neurocognitive functioning.Results: Participants with a CD diagnosis scored significantly higher on psychological, environmental, social, and neurocognitive risk factors. The LPA revealed three unique profiles, which differed significantly on liability for broad psychopathology and domain-specific liability for externalizing psychopathology but were largely matched on environmental and social risk factors.Conclusions: Examining unique configurations of variation in personality pathology is a useful way to further understand heterogeneity within the high-risk group of youth who meet criteria for childhood-onset CD and sets the stage for prospective longitudinal research using multimodal data to determine how these latent profiles account for account for the development of youth with childhood-onset CD.

The Effects of Child Maltreatment on Violent Offending Among Institutionalized Youth

2002 ◽  
Vol 17 (6) ◽  
pp. 655-668 ◽  
Author(s):  
Angela R. Gover
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Juvenile Offenders ◽  
Child Maltreatment ◽  
Negative Binomial ◽  
Theory And Practice ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Social Risk ◽  
Social Risk Factors ◽  
Violent Offending ◽  
The Relationship

While prior literature generally supports the connection between child maltreatment and violent offending in adolescence and early adulthood for general population samples, less is known about the relationship between child maltreatment and the frequency of violent offending among serious juvenile offenders. As a result, few studies have examined whether the effects of child maltreatment on the frequency of violent offending are mediated by other social processes, as developmental models of aggression and violence would suggest. To examine this issue, self-report data on child maltreatment, general delinquency risk factors, and violent offending were collected from 3,694 juveniles confined to 48 correctional institutions. Results from a series of negative binomial regression models indicated that the relationship between child maltreatment and the frequency of violent offending was mediated by social risk factors. The implications of these findings for theory and practice are discussed.

scholarly journals Risk Factors for Interpersonal Violence in Prison: Evidence From Longitudinal Administrative Prison Data in Northern Ireland

2021 ◽  
pp. 088626052110063
Author(s):  
Michelle Butler ◽  
Catherine B. McNamee ◽  
Dominic Kelly
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Northern Ireland ◽  
Interpersonal Violence ◽  
Cultural Context ◽  
Longitudinal Research ◽  
Adult Males ◽  
Prison Misconduct ◽  
Medical Issues ◽  
Services And Supports ◽  
Prospective Longitudinal

The present study uses a prospective longitudinal research design to examine whether previously identified risk factors for prison interpersonal violence can predict violent prison misconduct in Northern Ireland (NI). Administrative data drawn from the records of 429 adult males imprisoned on November 22, 2017 were used to predict involvement in violent prison misconduct during a 1-year follow-up period. The results revealed that only a small number of previously identified risk factors were found to be significant in the NI context. Nationality, neighborhood deprivation, history of addiction, submission of prison complaints, past involvement in prison misconduct, and number of incarcerations emerged as significant, while religion, head injury/epilepsy, property offences, and prison visits were significant at the marginal level. Given the variation in risk factors identified as significant in the NI context compared to previous research, it is argued that cultural context matters when attempting to generalize the risk factors for prison interpersonal violence from one jurisdiction to another. These results offer some support for the importation theory, although it should be noted that the inclusion of prison environmental factors was limited due to the nature of the data. It is argued that specialist services and supports should be provided to address the factors contributing to interpersonal prison violence, including interventions to improve feelings of fairness, identify and treat underlying medical issues, as well as support visitation.

An Approach to Selecting Single or Multiple Social Risk Factors for Clinic-Based Screening

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
John F. Steiner ◽  
Glenn K. Goodrich ◽  
Kelly R. Moore ◽  
Spero M. Manson ◽  
Laura M. Gottlieb ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Social Risk ◽  
Social Risk Factors

Study Behaviors and Their Relationships to Test Anxiety and Academic Performance

1972 ◽  
Vol 30 (2) ◽  
pp. 407-410 ◽  
Author(s):  
George J. Allen ◽  
Wayne M. Lerner ◽  
James J. Hinrichsen
Keyword(s):  
Academic Performance ◽  
Test Anxiety ◽  
Multivariate Regression Analysis ◽  
Study Data ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Grade Point ◽  
Academic Aptitude ◽  
Relevant Variables ◽  
Study Behaviors ◽  
High School Rank

Multivariate regression analysis of academic aptitude, test anxiety, and self-report study data from 122 undergraduates indicated high school rank to be the best predictor of grade point average. The number of days Ss reported studying and one test anxiety scale also added significantly to the prediction. Analysis of the study-relevant variables across the semester indicated differential patterns of study existed for students with good, average, and poor grades. The relative independence of test anxiety and study behaviors suggested that the latter class of variables might profitably be used to increase prediction of academic performance.

СОСТОЯНИЕ ПРОБЛЕМЫ НАРКОЛОГИЧЕСКИХ РАССТРОЙСТВ В КУРСКОЙ ОБЛАСТИ И СОПРЕДЕЛЬНЫХ ТЕРРИТОРИЯХ В 2014-2019 ГОДАХ

Innova ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 33-38
Author(s):  
Владимир Игоревич Тимошилов ◽  
◽  
Альберт Генрихович Ластовецкий
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Drug Addiction ◽  
Epidemiological Data ◽  
Drug Prevention ◽  
Social Risk ◽  
Social Risk Factors ◽  
Social Instability ◽  
Lower Incidence Rate ◽  
Kursk Region ◽  
Active Substances

Period 2014-2019 characterized by a certain increase in social instability in Russia, which led to an increase of social risk factors for drug addiction. In the Kursk region, at the same time, there have been changes in the regulation of anti-drug prevention, a large number of specialists have been trained, and a movement of competent volunteers has developed. In this regard, the epidemiological data for 2014-2019 are of particular interest. For the period from 2005 to 2019 the primary incidence of alcohol use disorders in Russia decreased from 147.4 to 48.3, in the Kursk region – from 106 to 53.5 cases per 100 000 population per year. Of the adjacent regions in 2019, a lower incidence rate than in the Kursk region was noted only in the Belgorod region – 39.4 cases per 100,000 population. Primary incidence of disorders associated with the use of narcotic active substances, during 2014-2019 in Russia as a whole decreased from 15 to 9.8, in the Kursk region – from 11.3 to 4 new cases per 100 000 inhabitants per year. In 2019, the detection rate of primary incidence of drug addiction and substance abuse was significantly higher than in the Kursk region in Bryansk and Lipetsk. Despite favorable trends, it was noted that the coronavirus pandemic and the restrictions introduced to combat it can have a significant impact on the risk factors for drug addiction, which requires the adaptation of preventive programs to new conditions.

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