scholarly journals EEG as a Functional Marker of Nicotine Activity: Evidence From a Pilot Study of Adults With Late-Life Depression

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexander C. Conley ◽  
Alexandra P. Key ◽  
Warren D. Taylor ◽  
Kimberly M. Albert ◽  
Brian D. Boyd ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Pilot Study ◽  
Cognitive Performance ◽  
Late Life ◽  
Late Life Depression ◽  
Nicotine Treatment ◽  
Transdermal Nicotine ◽  
Eeg Recordings ◽  
The Impact

Late-life depression (LLD) is a debilitating condition that is associated with poor response to antidepressant medications and deficits in cognitive performance. Nicotinic cholinergic stimulation has emerged as a potentially effective candidate to improve cognitive performance in patients with cognitive impairment. Previous studies of nicotinic stimulation in animal models and human populations with cognitive impairment led to examining potential cognitive and mood effects of nicotinic stimulation in older adults with LLD. We report results from a pilot study of transdermal nicotine in LLD testing whether nicotine treatment would enhance cognitive performance and mood. The study used electroencephalography (EEG) recordings as a tool to test for potential mechanisms underlying the effect of nicotine. Eight non-smoking participants with LLD completed EEG recordings at baseline and after 12 weeks of transdermal nicotine treatment (NCT02816138). Nicotine augmentation treatment was associated with improved performance on an auditory oddball task. Analysis of event-related oscillations showed that nicotine treatment was associated with reduced beta desynchronization at week 12 for both standard and target trials. The change in beta power on standard trials was also correlated with improvement in mood symptoms. This pilot study provides preliminary evidence for the impact of nicotine in modulating cortical activity and improving mood in depressed older adults and shows the utility of using EEG as a marker of functional engagement in nicotinic interventions in clinical geriatric patients.

A Pilot Study: The Impact of Transdermal Nicotine on Late Life Depression

2018 ◽  
Vol 26 (3) ◽  
pp. S87
Author(s):  
Jason A. Gandelman ◽  
Hakmook Kang ◽  
Warren D. Taylor
Keyword(s):  
Pilot Study ◽  
Late Life ◽  
Late Life Depression ◽  
Transdermal Nicotine ◽  
The Impact

The Impact of Amyloid Burden and APOE on Rates of Cognitive Impairment in Late Life Depression

2021 ◽  
Vol 80 (3) ◽  
pp. 991-1002
Author(s):  
Emma Rhodes ◽  
Philip S. Insel ◽  
Meryl A. Butters ◽  
Ruth Morin ◽  
David Bickford ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Learning And Memory ◽  
Verbal Learning ◽  
Amyloid Β ◽  
Late Life ◽  
Cognitive Domain ◽  
Late Life Depression ◽  
Logical Memory ◽  
The Impact

Background: Cognitive impairment (CI) is a key feature of late life depression (LLD), but the contribution of underlying neurodegenerative pathology remains unclear. Objective: To evaluate cognitive dysfunction in LLD relative to a sample of nondepressed (ND) older adults with matched levels of memory impairment and amyloid-β (Aβ) burden. Methods: Participants included 120 LLD and 240 ND older adults matched on age, education, sex, Mini-Mental State Exam, mild cognitive impairment diagnosis, and PET Aβ burden. Results: LLD showed higher rates of impairment relative to ND with 54.6% of the LLD sample demonstrating impairment in at least one cognitive domain compared to 42.9% of controls (H = 7.13, p = 0.008). LLD had poorer performance and higher rates of impairment on Rey Auditory Verbal Learning Test learning and memory compared to controls. In the overall sample, Aβ positivity was associated with worse performance on Logical Memory I (p = 0.044), Logical Memory II (p = 0.011), and Trail Making Test –B (p = 0.032), and APOE ɛ4 genotype was associated with worse performance on Logical Memory I (p = 0.022); these relationships did not differ between LLD and ND. Conclusion: LLD showed higher rates of CI driven by focal deficits in verbal learning and memory. Alzheimer’s disease (AD) biomarkers were associated with worse performance on timed set-shifting and story learning and memory, and these relationships were not impacted by depression status. These findings suggest that AD may account for a portion of previously reported multi-domain CI in LLD and highlight the potential for AD to confound studies of cognition in LLD.

scholarly journals Effects of Pioglitazone or Exercise in Older Adults with Mild Cognitive Impairment and Insulin Resistance: A Pilot Study

2015 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 51-63 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kerry L. Hildreth ◽  
Rachael E. Van Pelt ◽  
Kerrie L. Moreau ◽  
Jim Grigsby ◽  
Karin F. Hoth ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Older Adults ◽  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Mild Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Pilot Study ◽  
Exercise Training ◽  
Cognitive Performance ◽  
Endurance Exercise ◽  
Peak Oxygen Uptake ◽  
Exercise Group

Aims: To examine the effects of pioglitazone or endurance exercise training on cognitive function in older adults with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and insulin resistance. Methods: Seventy-eight adults (mean age ± SD: 65 ± 7 years) with central obesity and MCI were randomized to 6 months of endurance exercise, pioglitazone or control. Results: Sixty-six participants completed the study. Exercise training did not significantly increase peak oxygen uptake compared to control (p = 0.12). Compared to control, insulin resistance improved in the pioglitazone group (p = 0.002) but not in the exercise group (p = 0.25). There was no measureable effect of pioglitazone or exercise on cognitive performance compared to control. Conclusion: In this pilot study, pioglitazone improved insulin resistance but not cognitive performance in older adults with MCI and insulin resistance.

scholarly journals Association of late-life depression with cognitive impairment: evidence from a cross-sectional study among older adults in India

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Muhammad ◽  
Trupti Meher
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Activities Of Daily Living ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Daily Living ◽  
Short Form ◽  
Late Life ◽  
Older Individuals ◽  
Late Life Depression ◽  
Increased Risk

Abstract Background Late-life depression (LLD) is considered as a prodrome to dementia and plays a major role in the development of long-term cognitive disabilities. We aimed to estimate the prevalence and correlates of LLD and cognitive impairment and to explore their associations among older adults in India. Methods Data for this study was derived from the Longitudinal Ageing Study in India (LASI) Wave 1 (2017-18). The total sample included 31,464 (15,098 male and 16,366 female) older individuals aged 60 years and above. Cognitive impairment measured from various domains derived from the cognitive module of the Health and Retirement Study (HRS), and major depression measured by the CIDI-SF (Composite International Diagnostic Interview- Short Form) were the outcome variables. Descriptive, bivariate, and multivariable analyses were performed to fulfill the objectives of the study. Results The overall prevalence of LLD and cognitive impairment for the current sample was 8.7% and 13.7 % respectively. Among older individuals who have rated their health status as poor were 2.59 times more likely to suffer from LLD [OR: 2.59, CI: 2.24–2.99] as compared to their counterparts. The older adults who had difficulty in activities of daily living (ADL) and instrumental activities of daily living (IADL) were 74% and 69 % more likely to suffer from LLD. Similarly, older adults who were depressed had higher odds of cognitive impairment [OR: 1.22, CI: 1.01–1.48] compared to their counterparts. Also, older adults who were depressed and belonged to rural areas were 2.58 times [AOR: 2.58, CI: 1.95–3.41] more likely to be cognitively impaired than those who were not depressed and resided in urban areas. Conclusions Depression is linked to an increased risk of cognitive decline and dementia; therefore, failing to diagnose and treat LLD in later life may have significant health implications. Moreover, treatment under the care of a cognitive neurologist or geriatric psychiatrist is recommended for people with LLD and cognitive disability due to both the disorders' complex existence.

Six-month course of mild cognitive impairment and affective symptoms in late-life depression

2004 ◽  
Vol 19 (8) ◽  
pp. 502-505 ◽  
Author(s):  
Georg Adler ◽  
Katrin Chwalek ◽  
Ana Jajcevic
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Mild Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Cognitive Performance ◽  
Time Course ◽  
Short Term Memory ◽  
Depressive Symptomatology ◽  
Late Life ◽  
Entire Group ◽  
Late Life Depression ◽  
Affective Symptoms

AbstractMild cognitive impairment (MCI) is frequent in patients with late-life depression. Previous studies indicate that cognitive performance in these patients is not or only marginally improved when they recover from depression. However, recovery from cognitive impairments due to depression may have a longer time course than recovery from affective symptoms. In a group of 34 elderly depressed patients (mean age: 73.4 years) admitted to a gerontopsychiatric day-clinic, severity of depression and cognitive performance were assessed before the initiation of treatment and were reassessed 6 months later. At admission, 18 of 34 patients (53%) fulfilled the criteria for MCI, with a preponderance of impairments in short-term memory and visuospatial capabilities. At the 6-month follow-up, cognitive performance had not significantly improved for the entire group; 12 of 27 patients (44%) still were fulfilling the criteria for MCI. No relationships could be ascertained between cognitive impairment or functional level and severity or course of depression. Patients with diurnal variations of the depressive symptomatology were less likely to fully recover from depression.

scholarly journals Pathways linking late-life depression to persistent cognitive impairment and dementia

2008 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 345-357 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Cerebrovascular Disease ◽  
Clinical Status ◽  
Late Life ◽  
Cognitive Outcomes ◽  
Late Life Depression ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
The Impact

There is a strong association between late-life depression, cognitive impairment, cerebrovascular disease, and poor cognitive outcomes, including progressive dementia, especially Alzheimer's disease. While neuroimaging evidence suggests that cerebrovascular disease plays a prominent role, it seems that depression alone may also confer substantial risk for developing Alzheimer's disease. The relationships between the prominent cerebrovascular changes, other structural abnormalities, specific forms of cognitive dysfunction, and increased risk for developing Alzheimer's disease among those with late-life depression have been difficult to reconcile. The varied findings suggest that there are likely multiple pathways to poor cognitive outcomes. We present a framework outlining multiple, non-mutually exclusive etiologic links between depression, cognitive impairment, and progressive decline, including dementia. Importantly, the model is both testable and falsifiable. Going forward, using models such as this to inform research should accelerate knowledge acquisition on the depression/dementia relationship that may be useful for dementia prevention, monitoring the impact of depression treatment on clinical status and course of illness.

Clinical and cognitive diversity of psychotic states arising in late life (late paraphrenia)

1995 ◽  
Vol 25 (4) ◽  
pp. 699-714 ◽  
Author(s):  
O. P. Almeida ◽  
R. J. Howard ◽  
R. Levy ◽  
A. S. David ◽  
R. G. Morris ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Executive Functions ◽  
Cognitive Performance ◽  
Late Life ◽  
Psychotic Symptoms ◽  
Neurological Signs ◽  
Number Of Patients ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Cluster 2

SYNOPSISThis study aimed to explore the heterogeneity of paranoid psychosis with onset in late life by using cognitive factors in a centroid method of cluster analysis. Forty-seven subjects were allocated to two different clusters, the first with 24 (51·1 %) and the second with 23 (48·9 %) patients. Their cognitive attainment was evaluated against the performance of 33 elderly controls, all groups being matched for age, sex, and the numbers of years of education. Patients in cluster 2 showed a pattern of widespread cognitive impairment, which involved general measures of cognitive performance (MMSE, CAMCOG, WAIS-R verbal and performance scores), memory (digit and spatial span, delayed matching-to-sample, recognition memory for words and faces), and executive functions (verbal fluency, extra and intra-dimensional shift ability, spatial working memory, and planning). In contrast, patients in cluster 1 were only impaired on their extra-dimensional set shift and planning abilities, suggesting a more specific and restricted executive functioning deficit. We also analysed the impact that the use of antipsychotic medication could have had on patients' cognitive performance, which was shown to be negligible. In addition, there was no difference between the clusters with regard to the number of patients using neuroleptics, suggesting that the medication was unlikely to have introduced a performance bias in the two patient clusters. The validity of the subdivision of these patients into two separate groups was further supported by other clinical findings. Patients in cluster 1 exhibited more severe psychotic symptoms, as measured by the SAPS, than their counterparts in cluster 2, and were also more likely to display first-rank symptoms of Schneider. Conversely, cluster 2 membership was strongly associated with the presence of neurological signs and negative symptoms. We suggest that psychotic states arising in late life are a heterogeneous condition that may be best divided in two: ‘type A’, including patients with a wide range of psychotic symptoms, mild increase in the frequency of neurological signs, and cognitive deficits restricted to executive functions, and ‘type B’, which includes patients with less complex psychotic symptoms associated with a marked increase in the frequency of neurological signs and generalized cognitive impairment. The basis for this subdivision and the prospect for future studies are discussed.

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