scholarly journals Development of a Screening Tool for Common Mental Disorders Among General Hospital Inpatients in China

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shuai Yuan ◽  
Yizhong Shen ◽  
Jingwen Liu ◽  
Zilin Chen ◽  
Lijiao Zheng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Disorders ◽  
General Hospital ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Goodness Of Fit ◽  
Screening Tool ◽  
Common Mental Disorders ◽  
Clinical Settings ◽  
Good Reliability ◽  
Fit Index ◽  
Hospital Inpatients

Background: Depression and anxiety disorders are common conditions among general hospital inpatients, but are believed to be under-recognized in China.Methods: A short, practical questionnaire termed the happiness index scale (HIS) was developed for screening co-morbid mental disorders in non-psychiatric clinical settings. The HIS was completed by 1,005 non-psychiatric inpatients in a general hospital in China. The reliability and validity of the HIS were then assessed.Results: The HIS comprised eight items which loaded onto four dimensions: (a) sleep quality; (b) suicidal tendency; (c) depression; and (d) anxiety. These dimensions explained 84.2% of the total variance. Confirmatory factor analysis showed reasonably good fit of the four-factor model (χ2/df = 1.27, p < 0.001, goodness-of-fit index = 0.95, comparative fit index = 0.99, root-mean-square error of approximation = 0.008). The correlation coefficients between each item and the corresponding factor were all > 0.5. Cronbach's α of the entire scale was 0.83, indicating good internal consistency. The area under the ROC curve was 0.95 compared with the original 31-item scale. Using the optimal cut-off score of HIS (mild happiness), the sensitivity and specificity were 0.933 and 0.882, respectively.Conclusions: The new HIS scale is a practical screening tool composed of eight items covering the four most common and important dimensions of mental disorder. The HIS exhibited good reliability and specificity. The HIS is potentially suitable for large-scale screening in busy non-psychiatric clinical settings in China. Further verification using larger samples is warranted.

Assessing Functioning across Common Mental Disorders in Psychiatric Emergency Patients: Results from the WHODAS-2: Évaluation du fonctionnement de patients présentant des troubles mentaux courants en milieu psychiatrique : Résultats au WHODAS-2

2020 ◽  
pp. 070674372098120
Author(s):  
A. Hoehne ◽  
C.-E. Giguère ◽  
C. M. Herba ◽  
R. Labelle
Keyword(s):  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Psychometric Properties ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Goodness Of Fit ◽  
Common Mental Disorders ◽  
Treatment Plan ◽  
Psychiatric Emergency ◽  
World Health ◽  
Original Structure ◽  
Global Functioning

Objective: Assessing global functioning in psychiatric emergency settings is important for clinicians to estimate severity of mental disorders, devise a treatment plan, and assess the evolution of their patients’ progression over time. The World Health Organization Disability Assessment Schedule-2.0 (WHODAS-2) measures psychological, social, and professional functioning and is recommended as a standardized instrument of choice for use in psychiatric settings. Yet, studies investigating disability profiles of mental disorders using the WHODAS-2 are scarce, and psychometric properties have not been evaluated in a psychiatric emergency context. We describe and compare WHODAS-2 (12-item version) scores across mental disorders (anxiety, mood, psychotic, personality, and substance abuse) in adults admitted to psychiatric emergency. Methods: Data from the Signature Bank were used. Participants admitted to psychiatric emergency completed the WHODAS-2 at admission ( n = 1,125). Mental disorders were evaluated by psychiatrists, and WHODAS-2 scores were compared across groups. Psychometric properties were evaluated using confirmatory factor analysis (CFA). Results: Higher mean WHODAS-2 scores were reported by those with anxiety, mood, and personality disorders ( P < 0.001) compared to other psychopathologies. The measure showed good internal consistency (global score α = 0.88; domain subscores α = 0.59 to 0.85) and acceptable goodness of fit indices in CFA confirming the original structure of WHODAS-2. Conclusions: Findings from this large-scale study could assist clinicians in interpreting WHODAS-2 scores in psychiatric populations and provide a more detailed portrait of disability profiles associated with different clinical diagnoses.

scholarly journals Perinatal mental health around the world: priorities for research and service development in Africa

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
pp. 56-59 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mwawi Ng'oma ◽  
Tesera Bitew ◽  
Malinda Kaiyo-Utete ◽  
Charlotte Hanlon ◽  
Simone Honikman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Partner Violence ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Infant Health ◽  
Common Mental Disorders ◽  
Maternal Mental Health ◽  
Service Development ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
The Right

Africa is a diverse and changing continent with a rapidly growing population, and the mental health of mothers is a key health priority. Recent studies have shown that: perinatal common mental disorders (depression and anxiety) are at least as prevalent in Africa as in high-income and other low- and middle-income regions; key risk factors include intimate partner violence, food insecurity and physical illness; and poor maternal mental health is associated with impairment of infant health and development. Psychological interventions can be integrated into routine maternal and child healthcare in the African context, although the optimal model and intensity of intervention remain unclear and are likely to vary across settings. Future priorities include: extension of research to include neglected psychiatric conditions; large-scale mixed-method studies of the causes and consequences of perinatal common mental disorders; scaling up of locally appropriate evidence-based interventions, including prevention; and advocacy for the right of all women in Africa to safe holistic maternity care.

scholarly journals Development of the RMT20, a composite screener to identify common mental disorders

BJPsych Open ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Philip J. Batterham ◽  
Matthew Sunderland ◽  
Natacha Carragher ◽  
Alison L. Calear
Keyword(s):  
Psychological Distress ◽  
Anxiety Disorder ◽  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Common Mental Disorders ◽  
Area Under The Curve ◽  
Post Traumatic Stress ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Epidemiological Surveys ◽  
General Psychological Distress

Background There are few very brief measures that accurately identify multiple common mental disorders. Aims The aim of this study was to develop and assess the psychometric properties of a new composite measure to screen for five common mental disorders. Method Two cross-sectional psychometric surveys were used to develop (n = 3175) and validate (n = 3620) the new measure, the Rapid Measurement Toolkit-20 (RMT20) against diagnostic criteria. The RMT20 was tested against a DSM-5 clinical checklist for major depression, generalised anxiety disorder, panic disorder, social anxiety disorder and post-traumatic stress disorder, with comparison with two measures of general psychological distress: the Kessler-10 and Distress Questionnaire-5. Results The area under the curve for the RMT20 was significantly greater than for the distress measures, ranging from 0.86 to 0.92 across the five disorders. Sensitivity and specificity at prescribed cut-points were excellent, with sensitivity ranging from 0.85 to 0.93 and specificity ranging from 0.73 to 0.83 across the five disorders. Conclusions The RMT20 outperformed two established scales assessing general psychological distress, is free to use and has low respondent burden. The measure is well-suited to clinical screening, internet-based screening and large-scale epidemiological surveys.

scholarly journals Validation of the Protect Questionnaire: A tool to detect mental health problems in asylum seekers by non-health professionals

2018 ◽  
Vol 28 (2) ◽  
pp. 56-71 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ricarda Mewes ◽  
Boris Friele ◽  
Evert Bloemen
Keyword(s):  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Asylum Seekers ◽  
Mental Health Problems ◽  
Common Mental Disorders ◽  
Signs And Symptoms ◽  
Risk Category ◽  
Good Reliability ◽  
High Risk Category ◽  
Patient Health ◽  
Valid Instrument

Introduction: Prevalence rates of trauma-related mental disorders such as posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) or major depression (MD) are high in asylum seekers. The PROTECT Questionnaire (PQ) was designed to detect indications of those disorders in asylum seekers. Empirical data are needed to evaluate the PQ psychometrically. The objective of this study is to investigate the reliability, validity, sensitivity, and specificity of the PQ. Method: The PQ and validated questionnaires for PTSD (Posttraumatic Diagnostic Scale, PDS) and depression (Patient Health Questionnaire-9, PHQ- 9) were filled in by a sample of recently arrived asylum seekers in Germany (n=141). A sub-sample of 91 asylum seekers took part in a structured clinical interview to diagnose PTSD or MD (SCID-I). Results: The PQ showed a one-factor structure and good reliability (Cronbach’s ⍺= .82). It correlated highly with the PDS and the PHQ-9 (rs=.53-.77; ps≤.001). Diagnostic accuracy with regard to PTSD (AUC=.74; SE=.06; p<.001; 95%-CI=.63-.84) and MD (AUC=.72; SE=.06; p<.001; 95%-CI=.61- .83) was adequate, suggesting an optimal cut-off of 8 or 9. By categorizing participants into a low- and high-risk category, the PQ differentiated well between asylum seekers who fulfilled a PTSD or MD diagnosis and those who did not. Discussion: The results support the use of the PQ as a reliable and valid instrument for the purpose of detecting signs and symptoms of the two most common mental disorders in asylum seekers. Persons found to be at risk of mental disorders should be referred to a clinical diagnostic procedure.

The structure of common DSM-IV and ICD-10 mental disorders in the Australian general population

2006 ◽  
Vol 36 (11) ◽  
pp. 1593-1600 ◽  
Author(s):  
TIM SLADE ◽  
DAVID WATSON
Keyword(s):  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Factor Model ◽  
Common Mental Disorders ◽  
Composite International Diagnostic Interview ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Post Traumatic Stress ◽  
Compulsive Disorder ◽  
Icd 10 ◽  
Dsm Iv

Background. Patterns of co-occurrence among the common mental disorders may provide information about underlying dimensions of psychopathology. The aim of the current study was to determine which of four models best fits the pattern of co-occurrence between 10 common DSM-IV and 11 common ICD-10 mental disorders.Method. Data were from the Australian National Survey of Mental Health and Well-Being (NSMHWB), a large-scale community epidemiological survey of mental disorders. Participants consisted of a random population-based sample of 10641 community volunteers, representing a response rate of 78%. DSM-IV and ICD-10 mental disorder diagnoses were obtained using the Composite International Diagnostic Interview (CIDI), version 2.0. Confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) was used to assess the relative fit of competing models.Results. A hierarchical three-factor variation of a two-factor model demonstrated the best fit to the correlations among the mental disorders. This model included a distress factor with high loadings on major depression, dysthymia, generalized anxiety disorder (GAD), post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and neurasthenia (ICD-10 only); a fear factor with high loadings on social phobia, panic disorder, agoraphobia and obsessive–compulsive disorder (OCD); and an externalizing factor with high loadings on alcohol and drug dependence. The distress and fear factors were best conceptualized as subfactors of a higher order internalizing factor.Conclusions. A greater focus on underlying dimensions of distress, fear and externalization is warranted.

Evolutionary Psychopathology

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marco Del Giudice
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Life History Theory ◽  
Common Mental Disorders ◽  
Seamless Integration ◽  
Integrative Framework ◽  
Diagnostic Categories ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Specific Disorders

This book presents a unified approach to evolutionary psychopathology, and advances an integrative framework for the analysis and classification of mental disorders based on the concepts of life history theory. The framework does not aim to replace existing evolutionary models of specific disorders—which are reviewed and critically discussed in the book—but to connect them in a broader perspective and explain the large-scale patterns of risk and comorbidity that characterize psychopathology. The life history framework permits a seamless integration of mental disorders with normative individual differences in personality and cognition, and offers new conceptual tools for the analysis of developmental, genetic, and neurobiological data. The concepts synthesized in the book are used to derive a new taxonomy of mental disorders, the fast-slow-defense (FSD) model. The FSD model is the first classification system explicitly based on evolutionary concepts, a biologically grounded alternative to transdiagnostic models based on empirical correlations between symptoms. The book reviews a wide range of common mental disorders, discusses their classification in the FSD model, and identifies functional subtypes within existing diagnostic categories.

scholarly journals Commonly Diagnosed Mental Disorders in a General Hospital System

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
George Scott ◽  
Alessandra Beauchamp-Lebrón ◽  
Ashley Rosa-Jiménez ◽  
Javier Hernández-Justiniano ◽  
Axel Ramos-Lucca ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Health Psychology ◽  
Puerto Rico ◽  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Mental Disorder ◽  
General Hospital ◽  
Common Mental Disorders ◽  
Multinomial Logistic Regression ◽  
Major Depressive ◽  
Hospital System ◽  
Clinical Health Psychology

Abstract Background: Considering many patients seek care from general hospitals, these healthcare institutions are uniquely situated to address comorbid mental and physical health needs. Little is documented, however, on the most common mental disorders in patients seeking care in general hospital settings, especially in Puerto Rico. The objective of this study was to characterize the five most common DSM-5 mental disorder diagnoses made in a hospital system in southern Puerto Rico between January 2015 and December 2019. Methods: A retrospective study of cross-sectional data obtained from 5,494 inpatients was implemented and a multinomial logistic regression was used to assess the odds of being diagnosed with a current mental disorder.Results: Overall, 53% of the entire sample was diagnosed with a mental disorder during hospitalization. Major depressive, neurocognitive, anxiety, substance-related and schizophrenia-spectrum disorders were the most frequently diagnosed. Interestingly, females were 23% less likely to have been diagnosed with major depressive disorder than males (aOR: .769, CI [.650, .909], p = .002). Thus, males evidenced 1.30 higher odds of being diagnosed with depression. Conclusion: The integration of clinical health psychology services within a general hospital facilitated our team’s work of identifying and treating co-occurring mental disorders among hospitalized patients. Future studies examining the opportunities and barriers of integrating clinical health psychology services within a general hospital’s administrative and clinical infrastructure for rapid identification and treatment of co-occurring mental disorders among medical patients are warranted.

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