Development of the RMT20, a composite screener to identify common mental disorders

Background There are few very brief measures that accurately identify multiple common mental disorders. Aims The aim of this study was to develop and assess the psychometric properties of a new composite measure to screen for five common mental disorders. Method Two cross-sectional psychometric surveys were used to develop (n = 3175) and validate (n = 3620) the new measure, the Rapid Measurement Toolkit-20 (RMT20) against diagnostic criteria. The RMT20 was tested against a DSM-5 clinical checklist for major depression, generalised anxiety disorder, panic disorder, social anxiety disorder and post-traumatic stress disorder, with comparison with two measures of general psychological distress: the Kessler-10 and Distress Questionnaire-5. Results The area under the curve for the RMT20 was significantly greater than for the distress measures, ranging from 0.86 to 0.92 across the five disorders. Sensitivity and specificity at prescribed cut-points were excellent, with sensitivity ranging from 0.85 to 0.93 and specificity ranging from 0.73 to 0.83 across the five disorders. Conclusions The RMT20 outperformed two established scales assessing general psychological distress, is free to use and has low respondent burden. The measure is well-suited to clinical screening, internet-based screening and large-scale epidemiological surveys.

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Prevalence of common mental disorders among Dutch medical students and related use and need of mental health care: a cross-sectional study

International Journal of Adolescent Medicine and Health ◽

10.1515/ijamh.2012.025 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 24 (2) ◽

Cited By ~ 15

Author(s):

Roxanne Gaspersz ◽

Monique H.W. Frings-Dresen ◽

Judith K. Sluiter

Keyword(s):

Mental Health ◽

Health Care ◽

Medical Students ◽

Mental Health Services ◽

Mental Disorders ◽

Health Services ◽

Mental Health Care ◽

Common Mental Disorders ◽

Post Traumatic Stress ◽

Cross Sectional

Abstract Objective: The purpose of the study was to assess common mental disorders and the related use and need for mental health care among clinically not yet active and clinically active medical students. Methods: All medical students (n=2266) at one Dutch medical university were approached. Students from study years 1–4 were defined as clinically not yet active and students from study years 5 and 6 as clinically active. An electronic survey was used to detect common mental disorders depression (BSI-DEP), anxiety (BSI-ANG), stress (4DSQ) and post-traumatic stress disorder (IES). The use of mental health services in the past 3 months and the need for mental health services were asked for. The prevalence of common mental disorders, the use and need for mental health services and differences between groups were calculated. Results: The response rate was 52%: 814 clinically not yet active and 316 clinically active students. The prevalence of common mental disorders among clinically not yet active and clinically active students was 54% and 48%, respectively. The use of mental health services was 14% in clinically not yet active and 12% in clinically active students with common mental disorders (n.s.). The need for mental health services by clinically not yet active and clinically active students was 52% and 46%, respectively (n.s.). Conclusions: The prevalence of probable common mental disorders are higher among clinically not yet active than among clinically active students. The need of mental health services exceeds use, but is the same in the two groups of students.

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The structure of common DSM-IV and ICD-10 mental disorders in the Australian general population

Psychological Medicine ◽

10.1017/s0033291706008452 ◽

2006 ◽

Vol 36 (11) ◽

pp. 1593-1600 ◽

Cited By ~ 257

Author(s):

TIM SLADE ◽

DAVID WATSON

Keyword(s):

Mental Disorders ◽

Large Scale ◽

Factor Model ◽

Common Mental Disorders ◽

Composite International Diagnostic Interview ◽

Well Being ◽

Post Traumatic Stress ◽

Compulsive Disorder ◽

Icd 10 ◽

Dsm Iv

Background. Patterns of co-occurrence among the common mental disorders may provide information about underlying dimensions of psychopathology. The aim of the current study was to determine which of four models best fits the pattern of co-occurrence between 10 common DSM-IV and 11 common ICD-10 mental disorders.Method. Data were from the Australian National Survey of Mental Health and Well-Being (NSMHWB), a large-scale community epidemiological survey of mental disorders. Participants consisted of a random population-based sample of 10641 community volunteers, representing a response rate of 78%. DSM-IV and ICD-10 mental disorder diagnoses were obtained using the Composite International Diagnostic Interview (CIDI), version 2.0. Confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) was used to assess the relative fit of competing models.Results. A hierarchical three-factor variation of a two-factor model demonstrated the best fit to the correlations among the mental disorders. This model included a distress factor with high loadings on major depression, dysthymia, generalized anxiety disorder (GAD), post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and neurasthenia (ICD-10 only); a fear factor with high loadings on social phobia, panic disorder, agoraphobia and obsessive–compulsive disorder (OCD); and an externalizing factor with high loadings on alcohol and drug dependence. The distress and fear factors were best conceptualized as subfactors of a higher order internalizing factor.Conclusions. A greater focus on underlying dimensions of distress, fear and externalization is warranted.

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Prevalence and gender differences in psychiatric disorders and DSM-IV mental disorders: a population-based study

Biomedical Research and Therapy ◽

10.15419/bmrat.v5i1.412 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 5 (1) ◽

pp. 1975-1985 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Yousef Veisani ◽

Ali Delpisheh ◽

Fathola Mohamadian

Keyword(s):

Anxiety Disorder ◽

Mental Disorders ◽

Psychiatric Disorders ◽

Roc Analysis ◽

Common Mental Disorders ◽

General Health Questionnaire ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Compulsive Disorder ◽

Dsm Iv ◽

The Common

Background: The early diagnosis of psychiatric disorders is critical as it improves the chance of recovery for patients. The aim of this study was to determine gender disparities in psychiatric and mental disorders in adult persons and to examine the validity of the 28-item General Health Questionnaire (GHQ-28; Persian version) in the diagnosis of patients with suspected psychiatric disorders, along with receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis. Materials and Methods: The cross-sectional study was conducted using cluster random sampling method in three steps. Subjects were screened by GHQ-28 and then evaluated by Structured Clinical Interview for Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 4th Edition, Text Revision (DSM-IV-TR) for diagnosis/classification of mental disorders. Chi-square test and independent t-test were used for statistical analysis. The ROC curve was used to assess cut-off points. Results: Of the 763 participants (aged 15 and above), 25.8% of responders demonstrated characteristics of psychological distress; the prevalence in males and females were 20.9% and 29.8%, respectively. The common mental disorders in males were anxiety disorder (18.2%), followed by any major depressive disorder (MDD) (17.4. %), and compulsive disorder (10.0%). In females, the common mental disorders were anxiety disorder (23.6%), followed by any MDD (22.7%), compulsive disorder (13.9%), phobia disorder (10.4%) and psychotic disorder (6.1%). ROC analysis showed that 91.7% of suspected persons had a mental disorder as assessed by DSM-IV-TR.

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The prevalence of common mental disorders among health care professionals during the COVID-19 pandemic at a tertiary Hospital in East Africa

10.1101/2020.10.29.20222430 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Hailu Abera Mulatu ◽

Muluken Tesfaye ◽

Esubalew Woldeyes ◽

Tola Bayisa ◽

Henok Fesseha ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Health Care ◽

Regression Analysis ◽

Psychological Distress ◽

Mental Disorders ◽

Healthcare Workers ◽

Common Mental Disorders ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

High Level

AbstractBackgroundCoronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has resulted in unprecedented morbidity, mortality, and health system crisis leading to a significant psychological distress on healthcare workers (HCWs). The study aimed to determine the prevalence of symptoms of common mental disorders among HCWs during the COVID-19 pandemic at St. Paul’s Hospital, Ethiopia.MethodsA self-administered cross-sectional study was conducted to collect socio-demographic information and symptoms of mental disorders using validated measurement tools. Accordingly, PHQ-9, GAD-7, ISI, and IES-R were used to assess the presence of symptoms of depression, anxiety, insomnia, and distress, respectively. Chi-square test, non-parametric, and logistic regression analysis were used to detect risk factors for common mental disorders.ResultsA total of 420 healthcare workers participated in the survey. The prevalence of depression, anxiety, insomnia, and psychological distress was 20.2%, 21.9%, 12.4%, and 15.5% respectively. Frontline HCWs had higher scores of mental health symptoms than other health care workers. Logistic regression analysis showed that being married was associated with a high level of depression. Working in a frontline position was an independent factor associated with a high-level depression, anxiety, and psychological distress.LimitationsIt is a single-centre cross-sectional study and the findings may not be generalizable or reveal causality.

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Young pregnant women and risk for mental disorders: findings from an early pregnancy cohort

BJPsych Open ◽

10.1192/bjo.2019.6 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 5 (2) ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Georgia Lockwood Estrin ◽

Elizabeth G. Ryan ◽

Kylee Trevillion ◽

Jill Demilew ◽

Debra Bick ◽

...

Keyword(s):

High Risk ◽

Mental Disorders ◽

Pregnant Women ◽

Young Women ◽

Common Mental Disorders ◽

Adverse Outcomes ◽

Post Traumatic Stress ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Compulsive Disorder ◽

Population Prevalence

BackgroundYoung women aged 16–24 are at high risk of common mental disorders (CMDs), but the risk during pregnancy is unclear.AimsTo compare the population prevalence of CMDs in pregnant women aged 16–24 with pregnant women ≥25 years in a representative cohort, hypothesising that younger women are at higher risk of CMDs (depression, anxiety disorders, post-traumatic stress disorder, obsessive–compulsive disorder), and that this is associated with low social support, higher rates of lifetime abuse and unemployment.MethodAnalysis of cross-sectional baseline data from a cohort of 545 women (of whom 57 were aged 16–24 years), attending a South London maternity service, with recruitment stratified by endorsement of questions on low mood, interviewed with the Structured Clinical Interview DSM-IV-TR.ResultsPopulation prevalence estimates of CMDs were 45.1% (95% CI 23.5–68.7) in young women and 15.5% (95% CI 12.0–19.8) in women ≥25, and for ‘any mental disorder’ 67.2% (95% CI 41.7–85.4) and 21.2% (95% CI 17.0–26.1), respectively. Young women had greater odds of having a CMD (adjusted odds ratio (aOR) = 5.8, 95% CI 1.8–18.6) and CMDs were associated with living alone (aOR = 3.0, 95% CI 1.1–8.0) and abuse (aOR = 1.5, 95% CI 0.8–2.8).ConclusionsPregnant women between 16 and 24 years are at very high risk of mental disorders; services need to target resources for pregnant women under 25, including those in their early 20s. Interventions enhancing social networks, addressing abuse and providing adequate mental health treatment may minimise adverse outcomes for young women and their children.Declaration of interestNone.

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Potential scalp stimulation targets for mental disorders: evidence from neuroimaging studies

Journal of Translational Medicine ◽

10.1186/s12967-021-02993-1 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 19 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Jin Cao ◽

Thalia Celeste Chai-Zhang ◽

Yiting Huang ◽

Maya Nicole Eshel ◽

Jian Kong

Keyword(s):

Mental Disorders ◽

Large Scale ◽

Psychiatric Symptoms ◽

Common Mental Disorders ◽

Target Selection ◽

Brain Regions ◽

Autism Spectrum ◽

Transcranial Electrical Stimulation ◽

Post Traumatic Stress ◽

Compulsive Disorder

AbstractMental disorders widely contribute to the modern global disease burden, creating a significant need for improvement of treatments. Scalp stimulation methods (such as scalp acupuncture and transcranial electrical stimulation) have shown promising results in relieving psychiatric symptoms. However, neuroimaging findings haven’t been well-integrated into scalp stimulation treatments. Identifying surface brain regions associated with mental disorders would expand target selection and the potential for these interventions as treatments for mental disorders. In this study, we performed large-scale meta-analyses separately on eight common mental disorders: attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, anxiety disorder, autism spectrum disorder, bipolar disorder, compulsive disorder, major depression, post-traumatic stress disorder and schizophrenia; utilizing modern neuroimaging literature to summarize disorder-associated surface brain regions, and proposed neuroimaging-based target protocols. We found that the medial frontal gyrus, the supplementary motor area, and the dorsal lateral prefrontal cortex are commonly involved in the pathophysiology of mental disorders. The target protocols we proposed may provide new brain targets for scalp stimulation in the treatment of mental disorders, and facilitate its clinical application.

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Symptoms of common mental disorders and adherence to antiretroviral therapy among adults living with HIV in rural Zimbabwe: a cross-sectional study

BMJ Open ◽

10.1136/bmjopen-2021-049824 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (7) ◽

pp. e049824

Author(s):

Andreas D Haas ◽

Cordelia Kunzekwenyika ◽

Stefanie Hossmann ◽

Josphat Manzero ◽

Janneke van Dijk ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Antiretroviral Therapy ◽

Suicidal Ideation ◽

Mental Disorders ◽

Common Mental Disorders ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

People Living With Hiv ◽

Art Adherence ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Living With Hiv

ObjectivesTo examine the proportion of people living with HIV who screen positive for common mental disorders (CMD) and the associations between CMD and self-reported adherence to antiretroviral therapy (ART).SettingSixteen government-funded health facilities in the rural Bikita district of Zimbabwe.DesignCross-sectional study.ParticipantsHIV-positive non-pregnant adults, aged 18 years or older, who lived in Bikita district and had received ART for at least 6 months.Outcome measuresThe primary outcome was the proportion of participants screening positive for CMD defined as a Shona Symptoms Questionnaire score of 9 or greater. Secondary outcomes were the proportion of participants reporting suicidal ideation, perceptual symptoms and suboptimal ART adherence and adjusted prevalence ratios (aPR) for factors associated with CMD, suicidal ideation, perceptual symptoms and suboptimal ART adherence.ResultsOut of 3480 adults, 18.8% (95% CI 14.8% to 23.7%) screened positive for CMD, 2.7% (95% CI 1.5% to 4.7%) reported suicidal ideations, and 1.5% (95% CI 0.9% to 2.6%) reported perceptual symptoms. Positive CMD screens were more common in women (aPR 1.67, 95% CI 1.19 to 2.35) than in men and were more common in adults aged 40–49 years (aPR 1.47, 95% CI 1.16 to 1.85) or aged 50–59 years (aPR 1.51, 95% CI 1.05 to 2.17) than in those 60 years or older. Positive CMD screen was associated with suboptimal adherence (aPR 1.53; 95% CI 1.37 to 1.70).ConclusionsA substantial proportion of people living with HIV in rural Zimbabwe are affected by CMD. There is a need to integrate mental health services and HIV programmes in rural Zimbabwe.Trial registration numberNCT03704805.

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Perinatal mental health around the world: priorities for research and service development in Africa

BJPsych International ◽

10.1192/bji.2020.16 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 17 (3) ◽

pp. 56-59 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Mwawi Ng'oma ◽

Tesera Bitew ◽

Malinda Kaiyo-Utete ◽

Charlotte Hanlon ◽

Simone Honikman ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Mental Health ◽

Mental Disorders ◽

Partner Violence ◽

Large Scale ◽

Infant Health ◽

Common Mental Disorders ◽

Maternal Mental Health ◽

Service Development ◽

Middle Income ◽

The Right

Africa is a diverse and changing continent with a rapidly growing population, and the mental health of mothers is a key health priority. Recent studies have shown that: perinatal common mental disorders (depression and anxiety) are at least as prevalent in Africa as in high-income and other low- and middle-income regions; key risk factors include intimate partner violence, food insecurity and physical illness; and poor maternal mental health is associated with impairment of infant health and development. Psychological interventions can be integrated into routine maternal and child healthcare in the African context, although the optimal model and intensity of intervention remain unclear and are likely to vary across settings. Future priorities include: extension of research to include neglected psychiatric conditions; large-scale mixed-method studies of the causes and consequences of perinatal common mental disorders; scaling up of locally appropriate evidence-based interventions, including prevention; and advocacy for the right of all women in Africa to safe holistic maternity care.

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Claims for sickness and disability benefits owing to mental disorders in the UK: trends from 1995 to 2014

BJPsych Open ◽

10.1192/bjpo.bp.115.002246 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 2 (1) ◽

pp. 18-24 ◽

Cited By ~ 25

Author(s):

Sebastião Viola ◽

Joanna Moncrieff

Keyword(s):

Anxiety Disorder ◽

Mental Disorders ◽

Mental Disorder ◽

Common Mental Disorders ◽

Disability Benefits ◽

Common Cause ◽

Individual Support ◽

Government Data ◽

The Uk

BackgroundThere is international concern about the levels of sickness and disability benefits, with mental disorders known to account for a large proportion of claims.AimsTo examine trends in sickness and disability benefits awarded for mental disorders in the UK.MethodThe researchers analysed UK Government data from 1995 to 2014.ResultsMental disorders have become the most common cause of receiving benefits, with the number of claimants rising by 103% from 1995 to 1.1 million in 2014. Claimants with other conditions fell by 35%. In 2014, 47% of claims were attributed to a mental disorder. The number of long-term claimants (claiming over 5 years) with mental disorders increased by 87% from 2000 to 2011. Two-thirds of mental disorder claimants were classified as having a depressive or anxiety disorder.ConclusionsCommon mental disorders may involve greater morbidity and social costs than usually recognised. Availability of suitable employment, as well as individual support, may be necessary to reduce benefit levels.

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Tobacco and alcohol use, sexual behavior and common mental disorders among military students at the Police Academy, São Paulo, Brazil. A cross-sectional study

Sao Paulo Medical Journal ◽

10.1590/1516-3180.2014.9102711 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 133 (3) ◽

pp. 235-244

Author(s):

Arlene de Maria Perez ◽

Isabela Martins Benseñor

Keyword(s):

Sexual Behavior ◽

Alcohol Consumption ◽

Alcohol Use ◽

Mental Disorders ◽

Common Mental Disorders ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Police Academy ◽

First Year ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Cross Sectional

CONTEXT AND OBJECTIVE: The lifestyle of military personnel has been little studied in Brazil. This study evaluated the frequencies of tobacco and alcohol use, sexual behavior and mental health among military students.DESIGN AND SETTING: Cross-sectional study at the Police Academy, in São Paulo.METHODS: Students answered a questionnaire about tobacco use, alcohol consumption, sexual behavior and common mental disorders (CMDs). To analyze associations among the frequencies of smoking and alcohol use, sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) and CMDs during the undergraduate years, we built a multinomial logistic regression model adjusted for age and sex.RESULTS: All 473 students were invited to participate and 430 (90.9%) agreed (10.5% were women). Most were white (76.6%), aged < 30 years, from the upper middle class (78.1%). The frequency of smoking was 6.5%, alcohol consumption 69.3%, STDs 14% and CMDs 15.6%. The use of condoms was low. Fourth-year students presented a lower odds ratio (OR) for STDs than the first-year students: 0.44 (95% confidence interval: 0.22-0.90). Third-year students presented a lower OR for CMDs than the first-year students.CONCLUSION: The frequencies of smoking and CMDs were low, while the frequency of alcohol consumption was similar to that of the Brazilian population. The use of condoms was low, in comparison with previous studies with similar samples. The results suggest that there was a certain degree of protection against CMDs and STDs during the undergraduate years.

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