scholarly journals How Is the History of Early Traumatic Exposure Associated With the Psychopathological Outcomes of COVID-19 Related Lockdown and Subsequent Re-opening in People With Eating Disorders?

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giammarco Cascino ◽  
Francesca Marciello ◽  
Giovanni Abbate-Daga ◽  
Matteo Balestrieri ◽  
Sara Bertelli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Eating Disorders ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Traumatic Experiences ◽  
Post Traumatic Stress ◽  
General Psychopathology ◽  
Stress Symptoms ◽  
Traumatic Exposure ◽  
History Of ◽  
Post Traumatic

The negative impact of COVID-19 pandemic on people with Eating Disorders (EDs) has been documented. The aim of this study was to evaluate whether a history of traumatic experiences during childhood or adolescence was associated with a higher degree of psychopathological worsening during COVID-19 related lockdown and in the following re-opening period in this group of people. People with EDs undergoing a specialist ED treatment in different Italian services before the spreading of COVID-19 pandemic (n = 312) filled in an online survey to retrospectively evaluate ED specific and general psychopathology changes after COVID-19 quarantine. Based on the presence of self-reported traumatic experiences, the participants were split into three groups: patients with EDs and no traumatic experiences, patients with EDs and childhood traumatic experiences, patients with EDs and adolescent traumatic experiences. Both people with or without early traumatic experiences reported retrospectively a worsening of general and ED-specific psychopathology during the COVID 19-induced lockdown and in the following re-opening period. Compared to ED participants without early traumatic experiences, those with a self-reported history of early traumatic experiences reported heightened anxious and post-traumatic stress symptoms, ineffectiveness, body dissatisfaction, and purging behaviors. These differences were seen before COVID-19 related restrictions as well as during the lockdown period and after the easing of COVID-19 related restrictions. In line with the “maltreated ecophenotype” theory, these results may suggest a clinical vulnerability of maltreated people with EDs leading to a greater severity in both general and ED-specific symptomatology experienced during the exposure to the COVID-19 pandemic.

scholarly journals Using a Biopsychosocial Approach to Examine Differences in Post-Traumatic Stress Symptoms Among Arab and Jewish Israeli Mothers Following A Child’s Traumatic Medical Event

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sewar Hussien ◽  
Yaara Sadeh ◽  
Rachel Dekel ◽  
Efrat Shadmi ◽  
Amichai Brezner ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Traumatic Stress ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Psychosocial Assessment ◽  
Post Traumatic Stress ◽  
Biopsychosocial Approach ◽  
Targeted Interventions ◽  
Stress Symptoms ◽  
Medical Event ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Post Traumatic

Abstract Background: Parents of children following a traumatic medical event (TME) are known to be at high risk for developing severe post-traumatic stress symptoms (PTSS). Findings on the negative impact of TMEs on parents’ PTSS have been described in different cultures and societies worldwide. However, in some cases, a specific ethnic group may also be a minority within a given region or a country, contributing to increased risk for parental PTSS following a child’s TME.Objectives: The current study aimed to examine differences in PTSS between Israeli-Arab and Israeli-Jewish mothers, following a child’s TME. More specifically, we aimed to examine the risk and protective factors affecting mother’s PTSS from a biopsychosocial approach.Methods: Data were collected from medical files of children following TMEs, hospitalized in a pediatric rehabilitation department, during the period 2008–2018. The sample included 47 Israeli-Arab mothers and 47 Israeli-Jewish mothers. Mothers completed the psychosocial assessment tool (PAT), the post-traumatic diagnostic scale (PDS).Results: Arab mothers self-reported significantly higher levels of PTSS than their Jewish counterparts. Further, Arab mothers perceived having more social support than Jewish mothers did. Finally, our prediction model indicated that both Arab ethnicity and pre-trauma family problems predicted higher levels of PTSS among mothers of children following TMEs.Conclusions: Focusing on ethnic and cultural effects following a child’s TME may help improve our understanding of the mental health needs of mothers from different minority ethnic groups and aid in developing appropriate health services and targeted interventions for this population.

Post-traumatic stress symptoms following sniper attacks: Effects of television viewing and identification with victims

2018 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 29-36 ◽  
Author(s):  
Holly B. Herberman Mash, PhD ◽  
Carol S. Fullerton, PhD ◽  
Robert J. Ursano, MD
Keyword(s):  
Posttraumatic Stress ◽  
Traumatic Stress ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
Peritraumatic Dissociation ◽  
Post Traumatic Stress ◽  
Tv Viewing ◽  
Impact Of Event Scale ◽  
Event Scale ◽  
Stress Symptoms ◽  
Post Traumatic

Objective: A series of sniper attacks in the Washington, DC, area left 10 people dead and three wounded. The authors examined the relationship of sniper-related television (TV) viewing, identification with victims, and peritraumatic dissociation to posttraumatic stress symptoms.Methods: Participants were 1,238 DC residents (ages 18-90, M = 41.7; 51 percent female; 68 percent White) who completed an online survey including items assessing identification, amount of TV, peritraumatic dissociation, and post-traumatic stress symptoms. Identification was measured by assessing to what extent participants identified victims as similar to themselves, a friend, or a family member. Peritraumatic dissociation and post-traumatic stress symptoms were assessed with the Peritraumatic Dissociative Experiences Questionnaire and Impact of Event Scale-Revised. Relationships of TV viewing, identification, and peritraumatic dissociation to post-traumatic stress symptoms were examined by univariable and multivariable regressions and variable interactions.Results: Female gender and higher levels of TV viewing, identification, and peritraumatic dissociation were each related to greater post-traumatic stress symptoms. After adjusting for gender and the predictor variables, higher TV viewing was associated with posttraumatic stress symptoms (B = 0.72, p 0.01, ΔR2 = 0.05). Participants with greater identification (B = 0.85, p 0.001, ΔR2 = 0.08) and peritraumatic dissociation (B = 1.58, p 0.001, ΔR2 = 0.39) reported more post-traumatic stress symptoms. Among those with both high (B = 1.19, p 0.001) and low TV viewing, identification was associated with post-traumatic stress symptoms. Among those reporting low TV viewing, this association was greater for those who experienced more peritraumatic dissociation (B = −0.09, p 0.001).Conclusions: Trauma-related TV viewing, which may stimulate identification and peritraumatic dissociation, is an important consideration in understanding development of post-traumatic stress symptoms.

scholarly journals Post-Traumatic Stress among Evacuees from the 2016 Fort McMurray Wildfires: Exploration of Psychological and Sleep Symptoms Three Months after the Evacuation

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (9) ◽  
pp. 1604 ◽  
Author(s):  
Genevieve Belleville ◽  
Marie-Christine Ouellet ◽  
Charles M. Morin
Keyword(s):  
Traumatic Stress ◽  
Sleep Problems ◽  
Diagnostic Interview ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Post Traumatic Stress ◽  
Online Questionnaire ◽  
Fort Mcmurray ◽  
Stress Symptoms ◽  
Traumatic Exposure ◽  
Post Traumatic

This study documents post-traumatic stress symptoms after the May 2016 wildfires in Fort McMurray (Alberta, Canada). A sample of 379 evacuees completed an online questionnaire from July to September 2016, and a subsample of 55 completed a psychiatric/psychological diagnostic interview. According to a self-report questionnaire, 62.5% of respondents had a provisional post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). The interview confirmed that 29.1% met criteria for PTSD, 25.5% for depression, and 43.6% for insomnia; in most cases, insomnia was definitely or probably related to the fires. Traumatic exposure may elicit or exacerbate sleep problems, which are closely associated with PTSD after a disaster.

Re-Examining the Relationship Between Avoidance and Post-Traumatic Stress Symptoms in Rape Survivors Enrolled in Self-Defense Training: The Protective Effect of Activities Self-Efficacy

2019 ◽  
Vol 34 (1) ◽  
pp. 104-119
Author(s):  
Caitlin M. Pinciotti ◽  
Anthony N. Reffi ◽  
Holly K. Orcutt
Keyword(s):  
Traumatic Stress ◽  
Self Efficacy ◽  
Post Traumatic Stress ◽  
Rape Survivors ◽  
Everyday Activities ◽  
Stress Symptoms ◽  
Self Defense ◽  
Interaction Modeling ◽  
History Of ◽  
Post Traumatic

Although many women do not report sexual victimization as motivation for seeking self-defense training, differences in self-efficacy suggest that self-efficacy deficits may influence survivors' desire to seek training. Lower self-efficacy, thought to negatively influence perceived confidence in one's ability to engage in everyday activities, may relate to avoidance of mundane activities and cause exacerbation of post-traumatic stress symptoms (PTSS). The current study examined a three-way interaction modeling the relationships between history of rape, activities self-efficacy, activities avoidance, and PTSS in a diverse sample of 233 women enrolled in self-defense training. Results suggest that survivors who avoid everyday activities experience increased PTSS, but this effect is mitigated by perceived self-efficacy to engage in these activities. Activities self-efficacy may promote resilience in rape survivors regardless of whether they actually engage in such activities. Training that targets self-efficacy, rather than actual engagement in activities, may be sufficient to reduce PTSS in rape survivors.

scholarly journals Utility of the Trauma Symptom Inventory for the Assessment of Post-Traumatic Stress Symptoms in Veterans With a History of Psychological Trauma and/or Brain Injury

2009 ◽  
Vol 174 (10) ◽  
pp. 1005-1009 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nazanin H. Bahraini ◽  
Lisa A. Brenner ◽  
Jeri E. F. Harwood ◽  
Beeta Y. Homaifar ◽  
Susan E. Ladley-O’Brien ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Brain Injury ◽  
Traumatic Stress ◽  
Psychological Trauma ◽  
Post Traumatic Stress ◽  
Trauma Symptom Inventory ◽  
Trauma Symptom ◽  
Symptom Inventory ◽  
Stress Symptoms ◽  
History Of ◽  
Post Traumatic

scholarly journals Health care practitioners’ views of the support women, partners, and the couple relationship require for birth trauma: current practice and potential improvements

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amy Delicate ◽  
Susan Ayers ◽  
Sarah McMullen
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
Birth Trauma ◽  
Couple Relationship ◽  
Post Traumatic Stress ◽  
Stress Symptoms ◽  
Health Care Practitioners ◽  
Post Traumatic ◽  
Women Partners ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Aim: To examine health care practitioners’ views of the support women, partners, and the couple relationship require when affected by birth trauma, barriers to gaining such support, and potential improvements. Background: Ongoing distress following psychologically traumatic childbirth, also known as birth trauma, can affect women, partners, and the couple relationship. Birth trauma can lead to post traumatic stress symptoms (PTSS) or disorder (PTSD). Whilst there is a clear system of care for a PTSD diagnosis, support for the more prevalent experience of birth trauma is not well-defined. Method: An online survey of health care practitioners’ views of the support parents require for birth trauma, barriers to accessing support, and potential improvements. Practitioners were recruited in 2018 and the sample for the results presented in the article ranged from 95 to 110. Results: Practitioners reported differing needs of support for women, partners, and the couple as a unit. There was correlation between practitioners reporting having the skills and knowledge to support couples and feeling confident in giving support. The support most commonly offered by practitioners to reduce the impact on the couple relationship was listening to the couple. However practitioners perceived the most effective support was referral to a debriefing service. Practitioners observed several barriers to both providing support and parents accessing support, and improvements to birth trauma support were suggested. Conclusions: Practitioners indicate that some women, partners, and the couple as a unit require support with birth trauma and that barriers exist to accessing effective support. The support that is currently provided often conflicts with practitioners’ perception of what is most effective. Practitioners indicate a need to improve the identification of parents who need support with birth trauma, and more suitable services to support them.

scholarly journals Trauma & the reproductive lifecycle in women

2005 ◽  
Vol 27 (suppl 2) ◽  
pp. s65-s72 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leslie Born ◽  
Shauna Dae Phillips ◽  
Meir Steiner ◽  
Claudio N Soares
Keyword(s):  
Post Traumatic Stress Disorder ◽  
Traumatic Stress ◽  
Stress Disorder ◽  
Premenstrual Dysphoric Disorder ◽  
Traumatic Experiences ◽  
Prior History ◽  
Post Traumatic Stress ◽  
History Of ◽  
Post Traumatic ◽  
The Impact

Women are at significantly higher risk for developing post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) than men, resulting in increased psychosocial burden and healthcare related costs. Recent research has shown complex interactions between the impact of traumatic experiences, and the reproductive lifecycle in women. For example, women suffering from premenstrual dysphoric disorder (PMDD) who also report a history of sexual or physical abuse are more likely to present with different neuroendocrine reactivity to stressors, when compared to premenstrual dysphoric disorder subjects without prior history of trauma or abuse or non-premenstrual dysphoric disorder subjects. In addition, women with a history of abuse or trauma may experience re-emergence of symptoms during pregnancy. Lastly, females who experience miscarriage may present with even higher prevalence rates of post-traumatic stress disorder symptoms. In this manuscript we examine the existing data on gender differences in post-traumatic stress disorder, with particular focus on psychological and physiological factors that might be relevant to the development of symptoms after exposure to traumatic events associated with the reproductive life cycle. Current options available for the treatment of such symptoms, including group and counselling therapies and debriefing are critically reviewed.

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