scholarly journals Open-Source 3D Printable GPS Tracker to Characterize the Role of Human Population Movement on Malaria Epidemiology in River Networks: A Proof-of-Concept Study in the Peruvian Amazon

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gabriel Carrasco-Escobar ◽  
Kimberly Fornace ◽  
Daniel Wong ◽  
Pierre G. Padilla-Huamantinco ◽  
Jose A. Saldaña-Lopez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Open Source ◽  
Human Population ◽  
River Networks ◽  
Population Movement ◽  
Proof Of Concept ◽  
Peruvian Amazon ◽  
Concept Study ◽  
Malaria Epidemiology ◽  
Human Population Movement

scholarly journals Human population movement can impede the elimination of soil-transmitted helminth transmission in regions with heterogeneity in mass drug administration coverage and transmission potential between villages: a metapopulation analysis

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Carolin Vegvari ◽  
James E. Truscott ◽  
Klodeta Kura ◽  
Roy M. Anderson
Keyword(s):  
Drug Administration ◽  
Mass Drug Administration ◽  
Human Population ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Population Movement ◽  
Mobility Patterns ◽  
Preventive Chemotherapy ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Human Population Movement

Abstract Background Soil-transmitted helminth (STH) infections affect predominantly socio-economically disadvantaged populations in sub-Saharan Africa, East Asia and the Americas. Previous mathematical modelling studies have evaluated optimal intervention strategies to break STH transmission in clusters of villages. These studies assumed that villages are closed independent units with no movement of people in or out of communities. Here we examine how human population movement, for example, of seasonal migrant labourers, affect the outcome of mass drug administration (MDA) programmes. Results We used a stochastic individual-based metapopulation model to analyse the impact of human population movement at varying rates on STH elimination efforts. Specifically, we looked at seasonal clumped movement events of infected individuals into a village. We showed that even if on average 75% of the entire resident population within a village are treated, an annual rate of 2–3% of the population arriving from an untreated source village can reduce the probability of STH elimination to less than 50% in high-prevalence settings. If a village is infection-free, an annual movement rate of 2–3% from an infected source village imposes a risk of re-introduction of STH of 75% or higher, unless the prevalence in the source village is less than 20%. Even a single arrival of 2–3% of the population can impose a risk of re-introducing STH of 50% or greater depending on the prevalence in the source village. The risk of re-introduction also depends on both the age group of moving individuals and STH species, since the pattern of cross-sectional age-prevalence and age-intensity profiles of infection in the human host are species-specific. Conclusions Planning for STH elimination programmes should account for human mobility patterns in defined regions. We recommend that individuals arriving from areas with ongoing STH transmission should receive preventive chemotherapy for STHs. This can most easily be implemented if migration is seasonal and overlaps with treatment rounds, e.g. seasonal migrant labour. Moreover, transmission hotspots in or near treatment clusters should be eliminated, for example, by implementing appropriate water, sanitation and hygiene (WASH) measures and targeting treatment to individuals living in hotspots.

scholarly journals Human population movement and behavioural patterns in malaria hotspots on the Thai–Myanmar border: implications for malaria elimination

2019 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sayambhu Saita ◽  
Wirichada Pan-ngum ◽  
Suparat Phuanukoonnon ◽  
Patchara Sriwichai ◽  
Tassanee Silawan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Malaria Elimination ◽  
Human Population ◽  
Population Movement ◽  
Behavioural Patterns ◽  
Human Population Movement

scholarly journals Meal Enjoyment and Tolerance in Women and Men

Nutrients ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 119 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hugo Monrroy ◽  
Teodora Pribic ◽  
Carmen Galan ◽  
Adoracion Nieto ◽  
Nuria Amigo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Well Being ◽  
Analysis Of Covariance ◽  
Sensory Response ◽  
Proof Of Concept ◽  
Conditioning Factors ◽  
Concept Study ◽  
Repeated Analysis ◽  
Constitutive Factor ◽  
Food Consumed

Various conditioning factors influence the sensory response to a meal (inducible factors). We hypothesized that inherent characteristics of the eater (constitutive factors) also play a role. The aim of this proof-of-concept study was to determine the role of gender, as an individual constitutive factor, on the meal-related experience. Randomized parallel trial in 10 women and 10 men, comparing the sensations before, during, and after stepwise ingestion of a comfort meal up to full satiation. Comparisons were performed by repeated Analysis of Covariance (ANCOVA) measures. During stepwise ingestion, satisfaction initially increased up to a peak, and later decreased down to a nadir at the point of full satiation. Interestingly, the amount of food consumed at the well-being peak was lower, and induced significantly less fullness in women than in men. Hence, men required a larger meal load and stronger homeostatic sensations to achieve satisfaction. The same pattern was observed at the level of full satiation: men ate more and still experienced positive well-being, whereas in women, well-being scores dropped below pre-meal level. The effect of gender on the ingestion experience suggests that other constitutive factors of the eater may also influence responses to meals.

scholarly journals S6 The Role Of Individually Ventilated Cages In Prevention Of Laboratory Animal Allergy: A Proof Of Concept Study

Thorax ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 69 (Suppl 2) ◽  
pp. A6-A6
Author(s):  
J. Feary ◽  
Z. Lightfoot ◽  
B. FItzgerald ◽  
S. Schofield ◽  
M. Jones ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Laboratory Animal ◽  
Proof Of Concept ◽  
Concept Study ◽  
Laboratory Animal Allergy ◽  
Animal Allergy

scholarly journals EQUSUM: Endometriosis QUality and grading instrument for SUrgical performance: proof of concept study for automatic digital registration and classification scoring for r-ASRM, EFI and Enzian

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
J Metzemaekers ◽  
P Haazebroek ◽  
M J G H Smeets ◽  
J English ◽  
M D Blikkendaal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Group Versus ◽  
Mental Effort ◽  
Classification Systems ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Proof Of Concept ◽  
Surgical Performance ◽  
Deep Endometriosis ◽  
Concept Study ◽  
System Usability Scale

Abstract STUDY QUESTION Is electronic digital classification/staging of endometriosis by the EQUSUM application more accurate in calculating the scores/stages and is it easier to use compared to non-digital classification? SUMMARY ANSWER We developed the first digital visual classification system in endometriosis (EQUSUM). This merges the three currently most frequently used separate endometriosis classification/scoring systems (i.e. revised American Society for Reproductive Medicine (rASRM), Enzian and Endometriosis Fertility Index (EFI)) to allow uniform and adequate classification and registration, which is easy to use. The EQUSUM showed significant improvement in correctly classifying/scoring endometriosis and is more user-friendly compared to non-digital classification. WHAT IS KNOWN ALREADY Endometriosis classification is complex and until better classification systems are developed and validated, ideally all women with endometriosis undergoing surgery should have a correct rASRM score and stage, while women with deep endometriosis (DE) should have an Enzian classification and if there is a fertility wish, the EFI score should be calculated. STUDY DESIGN, SIZE, DURATION A prospective endometriosis classification proof of concept study under experts in deep endometriosis was conducted. A comparison was made between currently used non-digital classification formats for endometriosis versus a newly developed digital classification application (EQUSUM). PARTICIPANTS/MATERIALS, SETTING, METHODS A hypothetical operative endometriosis case was created and summarized in both non-digital and digital form. During European endometriosis expert meetings, 45 DE experts were randomly assigned to the classic group versus the digital group to provide a proper classification of this DE case. Each expert was asked to provide the rASRM score and stage, Enzian and EFI score. Twenty classic forms and 20 digital forms were analysed. Questions about the user-friendliness (system usability scale (SUS) and subjective mental effort questionnaire (SMEQ)) of both systems were collected. MAIN RESULTS AND THE ROLE OF CHANCE The rASRM stage was scored completely correctly by 10% of the experts in the classic group compared to 75% in the EQUSUM group (P < 0. 01). The rASRM numerical score was calculated correctly by none of the experts in the classic group compared with 70% in the EQUSUM group (P < 0.01). The Enzian score was correct in 60% of the classic group compared to 90% in the EQUSUM group (P = 0.03). EFI scores were calculated correctly in 25% of the classic group versus 85% in the EQUSUM group (P < 0.01). Finally, the usability measured with the SUS was significantly better in the EQUSUM group compared to the classic group: 80.8 ± 11.4 and 61.3 ± 20.5 (P < 0.01). Also the mental effort measured with the SMEQ was significant lower in the EQUSUM group compared to the classic group: 52.1 ± 18.7 and 71.0 ± 29.1 (P = 0.04). Future research should further develop and confirm these initial findings by conducting similar studies with larger study groups, to limit the possible role of chance. LIMITATIONS, REASONS FOR CAUTION These first results are promising, however it is important to note that this is a preliminary result of experts in DE and needs further testing in daily practice with different types (complex and easy) of endometriosis cases and less experienced gynaecologists in endometriosis surgery. WIDER IMPLICATIONS OF THE FINDINGS This is the first time that the rASRM, Enzian and EFI are combined in one web-based application to simplify correct and automatic endometriosis classification/scoring and surgical registration through infographics. Collection of standardized data with the EQUSUM could improve endometriosis reporting and increase the uniformity of scientific output. However, this requires a broad implementation. STUDY FUNDING/COMPETING INTEREST(S) To launch the EQUSUM application, a one-time financial support was provided by Medtronic to cover the implementation cost. No competing interests were declared. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER N/A.

Role of lipoprotein (a) and LPA KIV2 repeat polymorphism in bicuspid aortic valve stenosis and calcification: a proof of concept study

2018 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 45-50 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elena Sticchi ◽  
Betti Giusti ◽  
Antonella Cordisco ◽  
Anna Maria Gori ◽  
Alice Sereni ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Aortic Valve ◽  
Bicuspid Aortic Valve ◽  
Aortic Valve Stenosis ◽  
Proof Of Concept ◽  
Repeat Polymorphism ◽  
Lipoprotein A ◽  
Concept Study

Study of the role of oxygen vacancies as active sites in reduced graphene oxide-modified TiO2

2017 ◽  
Vol 19 (10) ◽  
pp. 7307-7315 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yanhui Zhang ◽  
Rongying Dai ◽  
Shirong Hu
Keyword(s):  
Graphene Oxide ◽  
Reduced Graphene Oxide ◽  
Active Sites ◽  
Oxygen Vacancies ◽  
Proof Of Concept ◽  
Concept Study ◽  
Reduced Graphene

A proof-of-concept study follow RGO introduced into TiO2 with oxygen vacancies, the role of oxygen vacancies as active sites in reduced graphene oxide-modified TiO2.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document