scholarly journals Automation Inner Speech as an Anthropomorphic Feature Affecting Human Trust: Current Issues and Future Directions

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alessandro Geraci ◽  
Antonella D'Amico ◽  
Arianna Pipitone ◽  
Valeria Seidita ◽  
Antonio Chella
Keyword(s):  
Computational Models ◽  
Self Regulation ◽  
Inner Speech ◽  
Self Awareness ◽  
Future Directions ◽  
Machine Consciousness ◽  
New Feature

This paper aims to discuss the possible role of inner speech in influencing trust in human–automation interaction. Inner speech is an everyday covert inner monolog or dialog with oneself, which is essential for human psychological life and functioning as it is linked to self-regulation and self-awareness. Recently, in the field of machine consciousness, computational models using different forms of robot speech have been developed that make it possible to implement inner speech in robots. As is discussed, robot inner speech could be a new feature affecting human trust by increasing robot transparency and anthropomorphism.

The Role of Death in Life: Existential Aspects of Human Motivation

2012 ◽  
pp. 42-64 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pelin Kesebir ◽  
Tom Pyszczynski
Keyword(s):  
Self Regulation ◽  
Theory Development ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Self Awareness ◽  
Existential Anxiety ◽  
Four Dimensions ◽  
Self Reflection ◽  
Human Motivation ◽  
And Behavior

The capacity for self-reflection, which plays an important role in human self-regulation, also leads people to become aware of the limitations of their existence. Awareness of the conflict between one's desires (e.g., to live) and the limitations of existence (e.g., the inevitability of death) creates the potential for existential anxiety. In this chapter, we review how this anxiety affects human motivation and behavior in a variety of life domains. Terror management theory and research suggest that transcending death and protecting oneself against existential anxiety are potent needs. This protection is provided by an anxiety-buffering system, which imbues people with a sense of meaning and value that function to shield them against these concerns. We review evidence of how the buffering system protects against existential anxiety in four dimensions of existence: the physical, personal, social, and spiritual domains. Because self-awareness is a prerequisite for existential anxiety, escaping self-awareness can also be an effective way to obviate the problem of existence. After elaborating on how existential anxiety can motivate escape from self-awareness, we conclude the chapter with a discussion of remaining issues and directions for future research and theory development.

scholarly journals ADHD and comorbidity: The role of pharmacotherapy

2022 ◽  
Vol 27 ◽  
pp. 194-206
Author(s):  
Aikaterini Doulou ◽  
Athanasios Drigas
Keyword(s):  
Behavioral Problems ◽  
Developmental Disorders ◽  
Rapid Development ◽  
Self Regulation ◽  
Self Control ◽  
Self Awareness ◽  
First Choice ◽  
The Social

In recent years, there has been an increase in the incidence of ADHD in children and adolescents. Many learning and behavioral problems are associated with this disorder due to difficulties in cognitive and metacognitive functions. Only when individuals improve these functions will they be able to integrate in the social environment. Skills such as self-awareness, self-regulation, and self-control can help children with ADHD develop their emotional intelligence to control their cognitive deficits and adapt to diverse areas. With the rapid development of science, several medical and behavioral methods have been proposed to treat ADHD, which have contributed significantly to the control of symptoms. However, medication is considered as a first-choice treatment to reduce the symptoms. The present study investigates the comorbidity of ADHD with other mental and developmental disorders as also the role and effectiveness of drug intervention in order to improve the quality of life of these children.

scholarly journals The Effect of Self-Awareness on the Identification of Goal-Related Obstacles

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Antonia Kreibich ◽  
Marie Hennecke ◽  
Veronika Brandstaetter-Morawietz
Keyword(s):  
Crucial Role ◽  
Self Regulation ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Personal Goals ◽  
Self Awareness ◽  
Goal Progress ◽  
Individual Approach ◽  
Goal Striving ◽  
Regulatory Aspect

When individuals strive towards personal goals, they may encounter obstacles that could compromise their goal progress and pose a challenge to self-regulation. Coping with obstacles first requires those obstacles to be identified. The purpose of the present studies was to apply an inter-individual approach to this important, but insufficiently studied self-regulatory aspect of goal striving. We therefore examined the role of self-awareness, i.e. paying attention to one’s own feelings, thoughts, and behaviors, for the identification of goal-related obstacles. We measured and manipulated self-awareness in two correlational and two experimental studies (one of them preregistered) and asked participants to identify obstacles to their goals. All studies confirmed the hypothesis that individuals with higher levels of dispositional and situational self-awareness identify more obstacles, both with regard to their idiosyncratic personal goals (Studies 1 and 2) and with regard to a goal in an assigned task during an experiment (Studies 3 and 4). The results indicate that self-awareness plays a crucial role for identifying obstacles. We discuss the implications of our findings for personality and self-regulation research.

scholarly journals The Effect of Self–Awareness on the Identification of Goal–Related Obstacles

2020 ◽  
Vol 34 (2) ◽  
pp. 215-233 ◽  
Author(s):  
Antonia Kreibich ◽  
Marie Hennecke ◽  
Veronika Brandstätter
Keyword(s):  
Crucial Role ◽  
Self Regulation ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Personal Goals ◽  
Self Awareness ◽  
Goal Progress ◽  
Individual Approach ◽  
Goal Striving ◽  
Regulatory Aspect

When individuals strive towards personal goals, they may encounter obstacles that could compromise their goal progress and pose a challenge to self–regulation. Coping with obstacles first requires those obstacles to be identified. The purpose of the present studies was to apply an inter–individual approach to this important, but insufficiently studied self–regulatory aspect of goal striving. We therefore examined the role of self–awareness, that is, paying attention to one's own feelings, thoughts, and behaviours, for the identification of goal–related obstacles. We measured and manipulated self–awareness in two correlational and two experimental studies (one of them preregistered) and asked participants to identify obstacles to their goals. All studies confirmed the hypothesis that individuals with higher levels of dispositional and situational self–awareness identify more obstacles, both with regard to their idiosyncratic personal goals (Studies 1 and 2) and with regard to a goal in an assigned task during an experiment (Studies 3 and 4). The results indicate that self–awareness plays a crucial role for identifying obstacles. We discuss the implications of our findings for personality and self–regulation research.

scholarly journals New Directions in Self-Regulation: The Role of Metamotivational Beliefs

2018 ◽  
Vol 27 (6) ◽  
pp. 437-442 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abigail A. Scholer ◽  
David B. Miele ◽  
Kou Murayama ◽  
Kentaro Fujita
Keyword(s):  
Intrinsic Motivation ◽  
Self Regulation ◽  
Future Directions ◽  
Motivational States ◽  
Regulatory Strategies ◽  
New Directions ◽  
And Behavior ◽  
Selection Of

Research on self-regulation has primarily focused on how people exert control over their thoughts, emotions, and behavior. Less attention has been paid to the ways in which people manage their motivational states in the service of achieving valued goals. In this article, we explore an emerging line of research that focuses on people’s beliefs about their own motivation (i.e., their metamotivational knowledge), as well as the influence these beliefs have on their selection of regulatory strategies. In particular, we review evidence showing that people are often quite sensitive to the fact that distinct motivational states (e.g., eagerness vs. vigilance) are adaptive for different kinds of tasks. We also discuss how other metamotivational beliefs are inaccurate on average (e.g., beliefs about how rewards affect intrinsic motivation). Finally, we consider the implications of metamotivation research for the field of self-regulation and discuss future directions.

Contemplative Psychology: History, Key Assumptions, and Future Directions

2021 ◽  
pp. 174569162098447
Author(s):  
William Van Gordon ◽  
Supakyada Sapthiang ◽  
Edo Shonin
Keyword(s):  
Self Regulation ◽  
Self Awareness ◽  
Future Directions ◽  
Psychological Study ◽  
The Core ◽  
Psychology History ◽  
Scholarly Inquiry ◽  
Contemplative Psychology

Contemplative psychology is concerned with the psychological study of contemplative processes and practices, such as meditation, mindfulness, yoga, introspection, reflection, metacognition, self-regulation, self-awareness, and self-consciousness. Although contemplative psychology borders with other psychological and nonpsychological disciplines, some of its underlying assumptions distinguish it from other remits of psychological and scholarly inquiry, as do its component areas of empirical focus, conceptual nuances, and challenges. Furthermore, the discipline has tended to be somewhat disparate in its approach to investigating the core techniques and principles of which it is composed, resulting in a need for greater intradisciplinary and interdisciplinary awareness of the commonalities and differences of core contemplative psychology attributes. As a remedy to these issues, in this article, we adopt a whole-discipline perspective and aim to explicate contemplative psychology’s history, breadth, key assumptions, challenges, and future directions.

scholarly journals Thalamocortical synchronization during induction and emergence from propofol-induced unconsciousness

2017 ◽  
Vol 114 (32) ◽  
pp. E6660-E6668 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francisco J. Flores ◽  
Katharine E. Hartnack ◽  
Amanda B. Fath ◽  
Seong-Eun Kim ◽  
Matthew A. Wilson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Prefrontal Cortex ◽  
Medial Prefrontal Cortex ◽  
Computational Models ◽  
The United States ◽  
Self Awareness ◽  
Drug Induced ◽  
Recovery From Anesthesia ◽  
Internal Consciousness

General anesthesia (GA) is a reversible drug-induced state of altered arousal required for more than 60,000 surgical procedures each day in the United States alone. Sedation and unconsciousness under GA are associated with stereotyped electrophysiological oscillations that are thought to reflect profound disruptions of activity in neuronal circuits that mediate awareness and cognition. Computational models make specific predictions about the role of the cortex and thalamus in these oscillations. In this paper, we provide in vivo evidence in rats that alpha oscillations (10–15 Hz) induced by the commonly used anesthetic drug propofol are synchronized between the thalamus and the medial prefrontal cortex. We also show that at deep levels of unconsciousness where movement ceases, coherent thalamocortical delta oscillations (1–5 Hz) develop, distinct from concurrent slow oscillations (0.1–1 Hz). The structure of these oscillations in both cortex and thalamus closely parallel those observed in the human electroencephalogram during propofol-induced unconsciousness. During emergence from GA, this synchronized activity dissipates in a sequence different from that observed during loss of consciousness. A possible explanation is that recovery from anesthesia-induced unconsciousness follows a “boot-up” sequence actively driven by ascending arousal centers. The involvement of medial prefrontal cortex suggests that when these oscillations (alpha, delta, slow) are observed in humans, self-awareness and internal consciousness would be impaired if not abolished. These studies advance our understanding of anesthesia-induced unconsciousness and altered arousal and further establish principled neurophysiological markers of these states.

scholarly journals When you are talking to yourself, is anybody listening? The relationship between inner speech, self-awareness, wellbeing, and multiple aspects of self-regulation

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
pp. 8-24
Author(s):  
Paul Verhaeghen ◽  
Grazia Mirabito
Keyword(s):  
Sense Of Self ◽  
Self Regulation ◽  
Inner Speech ◽  
Hierarchical Regression ◽  
Moral Foundations ◽  
Self Awareness ◽  
Moral Foundation ◽  
Attention Regulation ◽  
Inner Dialogue ◽  
High Level

This correlational study of 433 adults (260 college students and 173 Mechanical-Turk workers) examined how the selfreported functions and experienced phenomenology of habitual inner speech (action guidance, problem solving/search, memory/attention regulation, emotion regulation, evaluate/motivate, other voices, inner dialogue, condensed speech) relate to self-awareness (self-reflection and controlled sense-of-self in the moment), potentially influence high-level aspects of self-regulation (self-preoccupation, self-compassion, wisdom, and the moral foundations of individualizing and binding), and psychological wellbeing. Hierarchical regression analysis revealed partial and mutual mediation between inner speech variables and self-awareness variables. Self-awareness was more consistently associated with self-regulation. The only inner speech variables associated with self-regulation in a beneficial way were memory/attention regulation (for wisdom about the self and the individualizing moral foundation) and evaluate/motivate (for the binding moral foundation). These findings suggest that, with the exception just described, inner speech (with the present dependent variables, and in adults) is easiest understood as an epiphenomenon.

scholarly journals The Role of Elementary Teachers’ Emotional Intelligence Competencies in improving Students’ Motivation and Student-Teacher Relationship

sjesr ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 492-499
Author(s):  
Dr. Riffat-un-Nisa Awan ◽  
Dr. Muhammad Nadeem Anwar ◽  
Samreen Farooq
Keyword(s):  
Elementary School ◽  
Emotional Intelligence ◽  
Elementary School Teachers ◽  
Student Teacher ◽  
Self Regulation ◽  
Self Awareness ◽  
Emotional Competencies ◽  
Student Teacher Relationship ◽  
Teaching Learning

Emotional intelligence is an accumulation of many emotional intelligence competencies and these competencies are generally found in people with different variations. Emotionally strong teachers impact teaching learning process in schools positively. The present study was conducted to find out the effects of emotional intelligence (EI) competencies of teachers on student-teacher relationship and student’s motivation at elementary level. Twenty five competencies of teachers were explored under five major domains i.e. emotional self-awareness, motivation, self-regulation, social-skills and social-awareness. Goleman’s Emotional Competence Inventory (Boyatzis & Goleman, 2002) was used as a tool for data collection. Two questionnaires were developed by the researchers after review of related literature for measuring the student’s motivation and student-teacher relationship. For assuring the reliability of instrument, Cronbach alpha reliability coefficient was calculated, which ranged from 0.73 to 0.86. One hundred and sixty elementary school teachers (EST) and senior elementary school educators (SESE) were selected as the sample of the study from two tehsils of Sargodha district. The data of one hundred and fifty one respondents were analyzed through t-test, one way ANOVA and regression analysis. The findings discovered that teacher’s EI competencies had significant effect on students’ motivation and student-teacher relationship in elementary schools. There was no gender difference in emotional competencies of teachers. It was concluded that age had significant effect on teacher’s EI competencies as younger ones scored higher on ECI. It was recommended that training programs may be organized to enhance teachers’ emotional intelligence competencies.

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