scholarly journals Bile Microbiota in Liver Transplantation: Proof of Concept Using Gene Amplification in a Heterogeneous Clinical Scenario

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francesco D'Amico ◽  
Alessandra Bertacco ◽  
Michele Finotti ◽  
Chiara Di Renzo ◽  
Manuel I. Rodriguez-Davalos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Amplification ◽  
Biliary Tract ◽  
Ribosomal Rna ◽  
Proof Of Concept ◽  
Split Liver ◽  
16S Ribosomal Rna Gene ◽  
The Common ◽  
Pediatric Recipients ◽  
Bile Samples ◽  
Liver Donors

Objective: Historically, bile in the biliary tract has been considered sterile. Most of the series are based on patients with biliary tract diseases or the bile has been obtained with procedures susceptible to contamination.Methods: We evaluated the bile in a heterogeneous cohort of liver donors and recipient patients, with samples obtained in a sterile way, directly from the gallbladder and the common bile duct.Results: We assessed the bile microbiota in six liver donors and in six liver recipients after whole or split liver procedures in adult or pediatric recipients. Bile samples were studied using PCR sequencing of the 16S ribosomal RNA gene amplification (rDNA).Conclusions: We demonstrated that the bile is sterile, thereby ruling this out as a source of contamination following transplant.

scholarly journals Nasopharyngeal Microbiota in SARS-CoV-2 Positive and Negative Patients

2021 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Phillip A. Engen ◽  
Ankur Naqib ◽  
Cheryl Jennings ◽  
Stefan J. Green ◽  
Alan Landay ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Community Structure ◽  
Microbial Community ◽  
Disease Progression ◽  
High Throughput ◽  
Ribosomal Rna ◽  
Microbial Community Structure ◽  
Amplicon Sequencing ◽  
Proof Of Concept ◽  
Viral Transport ◽  
16S Ribosomal Rna Gene

AbstractWe investigated nasopharyngeal microbial community structure in COVID-19-positive and -negative patients. High-throughput 16S ribosomal RNA gene amplicon sequencing revealed significant microbial community structure differences between COVID-19-positive and -negative patients. This proof-of-concept study demonstrates that: (1) nasopharyngeal microbiome communities can be assessed using collection samples already collected for SARS-CoV-2 testing (viral transport media) and (2) SARS-CoV-2 infection is associated with altered dysbiotic microbial profiles which could be a biomarker for disease progression and prognosis in SARS-CoV-2.

scholarly journals Nasopharyngeal Microbiota in SARS-CoV-2 Positive and Negative Patients

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Phillip A. Engen ◽  
Ankur Naqib ◽  
Cheryl Jennings ◽  
Stefan J. Green ◽  
Alan Landay ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Community Structure ◽  
Microbial Community ◽  
Disease Progression ◽  
High Throughput ◽  
Ribosomal Rna ◽  
Microbial Community Structure ◽  
Amplicon Sequencing ◽  
Proof Of Concept ◽  
Ribosomal Rna Gene ◽  
16S Ribosomal Rna Gene

Abstract We investigated nasopharyngeal microbial community structure in COVID-19-positive and -negative patients. High-throughput 16S ribosomal RNA gene amplicon sequencing revealed microbial community structure differences between COVID-19-positive and -negative patients. This proof-of-concept study demonstrates that: (1) nasopharyngeal microbiome communities can be assessed using collection procedures for SARS-CoV-2 testing and (2) SARS-CoV-2 infection is associated with altered dysbiotic microbial profiles which could be a biomarker for disease progression and prognosis in SARS-CoV-2.

scholarly journals Development of Resistance to Hymexazol Among Pythium Species in Cucumber Greenhouses in Oman

Plant Disease ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 102 (1) ◽  
pp. 202-208 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zainab M. Al-Balushi ◽  
Hesham Agrama ◽  
Issa H. Al-Mahmooli ◽  
Sajeewa S. N. Maharachchikumbura ◽  
Abdullah M. Al-Sadi
Keyword(s):  
Ribosomal Rna ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Integrated Disease Management ◽  
Pythium Species ◽  
Internal Transcribed Spacer Region ◽  
Development Of Resistance ◽  
The Common ◽  
Cucumber Roots ◽  
Further Development

A study was conducted to characterize the common Pythium spp. in greenhouses in Oman and their level of resistance to hymexazol, a widely used fungicide in the country. Pythium isolates were obtained from soil samples, cocopeat bags, and cucumber roots collected from seven regions in the country. Identification of 80 Pythium isolates to the species level using sequences of the internal transcribed spacer region of the ribosomal RNA showed that they belong to four species: Pythium aphanidermatum (77 isolates), P. spinosum (1 isolate), P. myriotylum (1 isolate), and P. catenulatum (1 isolate). Investigating the aggressiveness of three Pythium spp. on cucumber showed that P. aphanidermatum, P. myriotylum, and P. spinosum are pathogenic. Phylogenetic analysis of P. aphanidermatum isolates showed that most of the isolates obtained from cocopeat clustered separately from isolates obtained from soil and roots. This may indicate a difference in the origin of the cocopeat isolates. Evaluating the resistance of 27 P. aphanidermatum isolates to hymexazol showed that most isolates were sensitive (0.9 to 31.2 mg liter−1) whereas one isolate was resistant (142.9 mg liter−1). This study is the first to report P. myriotylum and P. catenulatum in Oman. It is also the first to report the development of resistance to hymexazol among P. aphanidermatum populations from greenhouses. Growers should use integrated disease management strategies to avoid further development of resistance to hymexazol.

scholarly journals Molecular Approaches to Studying Microbial Communities: Targeting the 16S Ribosomal RNA Gene

2016 ◽  
Vol 38 (3) ◽  
pp. 223-232 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kazumasa FUKUDA ◽  
Midori OGAWA ◽  
Hatsumi TANIGUCHI ◽  
Mitsumasa SAITO
Keyword(s):  
Microbial Communities ◽  
Ribosomal Rna ◽  
16S Ribosomal Rna ◽  
Approaches To Studying ◽  
Ribosomal Rna Gene ◽  
Molecular Approaches ◽  
16S Ribosomal Rna Gene

CHOLANGITIS AS A SYSTEMIC MANIFESTATION OF ACUTE BILIARY INFECTION

2020 ◽  
pp. 43-47
Author(s):  
A. O. Nekludov ◽  
M. O. Klosova ◽  
O. V. Volchenko ◽  
M. M. Goloborodko ◽  
A. Yu. Korolevska
Keyword(s):  
Bile Duct ◽  
Common Bile Duct ◽  
Water Column ◽  
Biliary Tract ◽  
Bile Ducts ◽  
Inflammatory Process ◽  
Acute Cholangitis ◽  
Biliary Infection ◽  
The Common ◽  
Further Development

The main causes of cholangitis are hypertension in the biliary ducts and infection. In order to determine the place of the infectious factor in the acute cholangitis development, a retrospective and prospective analysis of case histories of 176 patients with choledocholithiasis and manifestations of acute and chronic cholangitis was performed. Bile from the common bile duct in the patients with obstruction of the biliary tract was studied. In the patients with mechanical jaundice without and with cholangitis, the intraductal pressure in the common bile duct averaged 227.3±26.1 mm of water column, in the patients without signs of cholangitis that was 97.5±8.3 mm of water column. With mechanical jaundice without acute cholangitis, it was slightly elevated if compared to normal. This suggests that the increase in pressure in the bile ducts in acute cholangitis is not influenced by the fact of obstruction of the biliary tract, and the development of the inflammatory process in them. In the patients with cholangitis, the initial values of the number of colonizing units were much higher than in "pure" choledocholithiasis. After endoscopic papillosphincterotomy in the patients with vivid clinical cholangitis, in whom decompression was achieved, in the control study, this value decreased by 100−500 times, which was accompanied by clinical improvement. According to the results of the study, it was noted that in the patients with a manifested clinic sign of cholangitis there is a significant decrease in the number of colonizing units on the third day after endoscopic papillosphincterotomy. At the stone stuck in a papilla the choledoch turns into so−called analog of an abscess. The opening of the papilla provides a free passage of the contents of the choledochus (i.e. pus) into the duodenum, so there is an almost instant therapeutic effect. The increase in pressure in the bile ducts in acute cholangitis is influenced by the development of an inflammatory process, which indicates the manifestations of biliary infection. The presented research has a prospective character and needs further development. Key words: cholangitis, biliary infection, intraductal pressure, bile.

scholarly journals Evaluation of 16S, map1 and pCS20 probes for detection of Cowdria and Ehrlichia species

1999 ◽  
Vol 122 (2) ◽  
pp. 323-328 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. T. E. P. ALLSOPP ◽  
C. M. HATTINGH ◽  
S. W. VOGEL ◽  
B. A. ALLSOPP
Keyword(s):  
16S Rrna ◽  
Ribosomal Rna ◽  
Pcr Amplification ◽  
16S Ribosomal Rna ◽  
16S Rrna Genes ◽  
Rrna Genes ◽  
Amblyomma Hebraeum ◽  
Ribosomal Rna Gene ◽  
Group Iii ◽  
16S Ribosomal Rna Gene

A panel of 16S ribosomal RNA gene probes has been developed for the study of the epidemiology of heartwater; five of these detect different cowdria genotypes, one detects five distinct genotypes; one detects any Group III Ehrlichia species other than Cowdria and one detects any Group II Ehrlichia species. These probes have been used on PCR-amplified rickettsial 16S rRNA genes from over 200 Amblyomma hebraeum ticks. Control ticks were laboratory-reared and either uninfected or fed on sheep experimentally infected with different cowdria isolates, field ticks were collected from animals in heartwater-endemic areas. All tick-derived DNA samples were also examined by PCR amplification and probing for two other cowdria genes (map1 and pCS20) which have previously been used for heartwater epidemiology. This paper describes the first direct comparison of all currently available DNA probes for heartwater-associated organisms.

scholarly journals A Case of Sepsis in a 92-Year-Old Korean Woman Caused byAerococcus urinaeand Identified by Sequencing the 16S Ribosomal RNA Gene

2016 ◽  
Vol 47 (2) ◽  
pp. e15-e17 ◽  
Author(s):  
Min Young Lee ◽  
Myeong Hee Kim ◽  
Woo In Lee ◽  
So Young Kang ◽  
You La Jeon
Keyword(s):  
Ribosomal Rna ◽  
16S Ribosomal Rna ◽  
Korean Woman ◽  
Ribosomal Rna Gene ◽  
16S Ribosomal Rna Gene

A new species of Stephanostomum Looss, 1899 (Digenea, Acanthocolpidae) with a bizarre oral sucker: S. adlardi sp. nov. from the common coral trout Plectropomus leopardus (Lacepède, 1802) (Perciformes, Serranidae) from Lizard Island, Great Barrier Reef

2007 ◽  
Vol 52 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rodney Bray ◽  
Thomas Cribb ◽  
Andrea Waeschenbach ◽  
D. Littlewood
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Great Barrier Reef ◽  
Oral Sucker ◽  
Ribosomal Rna ◽  
Barrier Reef ◽  
Coral Trout ◽  
Lizard Island ◽  
The Common ◽  
Plectropomus Leopardus ◽  
A New Species

AbstractA new species of Acanthocolpidae, Stephanostomum adlardi is described from the serranid Plectropomus leopardus from Lizard Island in the northern Great Barrier Reef. It differs from all previously described acanthocolpids in the structure of the oral sucker which is extended into dorsal and ventral lobes each bearing a row of spines. A phylogenetic tree estimated from combined nuclear small and partial large ribosomal RNA gene sequences shows that, despite the unusual oral sucker structure, the species is a true member of the genus Stephanostomum. The molecular results also suggest that Monostephanostomum nolani is derived from within Stephanostomum.

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