scholarly journals Diffusion-Weighted Imaging Findings of Ischemic Spinal Injury in a Chondrodystrophic Dog With Fibrocartilaginous Embolism

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Taesik Yun ◽  
Kang-Il Lee ◽  
Yoonhoi Koo ◽  
Hakhyun Kim ◽  
Dongwoo Chang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Injury ◽  
Mri Findings ◽  
Intact Male ◽  
Post Contrast ◽  
Adc Value ◽  
Fluid Analysis ◽  
Fibrocartilaginous Embolism ◽  
Apparent Diffusion ◽  
Fluid Attenuated Inversion Recovery ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging Mri

A 9-year-old, intact male Shih Tzu dog presented with systemic weakness and peracute onset of tetraplegia. Tetraplegia with lower motor neuron signs was noted upon neurological examination. Diseases that cause acute flaccid tetraparesis, such as acute fulminating myasthenia gravis, polyradiculoneuritis, tick paralysis, and botulism, were ruled out based on the medical history, normal electrophysiological tests, and non-response to the neostigmine challenging test. Initial 0.3-Tesla (T) magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) findings included sharply demarcated intramedullary lesions at the C3-C6 level, mainly involving gray matter, which appeared hypo- to iso- intense on T1-weighted images (WIs), and hyperintense on T2-WIs and fluid-attenuated inversion recovery images. There was no enhancement on post-contrast T1-WIs. Neutrophilic pleocytosis was observed in the cerebrospinal fluid analysis. No clinical responses were observed for the treatment of non-infectious myelitis with an immunosuppressive dosage of prednisolone. A follow-up 3-T MRI 6 days later demonstrated hyperintensity on diffusion-WI (DWI) and a decreased apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) value (0.54 × 10−3 mm2/s) of the spinal lesions. Through histological examination, a fibrocartilaginous embolism was definitively confirmed. This is the first report to describe an ischemic spinal injury visualized by DWI and ADC mapping with high-field MRI in a chondrodystrophic dog diagnosed with a fibrocartilaginous embolism.

scholarly journals COMPARISON OF POST-CONTRAST 3D-T1-SPACE, 3D-T2-FLAIR AND 3D-T1-MPRAGE MR SEQUENCES IN THE EVALUATION OF MENINGEAL AND BRAIN PARENCHYMAL PATHOLOGIES

2021 ◽  
pp. 102-105
Author(s):  
A.Mohideen Ashraf ◽  
V. Dheebha ◽  
S.Harish Priya
Keyword(s):  
Value Added ◽  
Mri Findings ◽  
Space Images ◽  
Post Contrast ◽  
Additional Information ◽  
Contrast Enhanced ◽  
Fluid Attenuated Inversion Recovery ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging Mri ◽  
Brain Parenchymal ◽  
Excellent Tool

Background and purpose: The purpose of this study was to assess the value added by contrast-enhanced threedimensional (3D) -T2 fluid-attenuated inversion recovery sequence (FLAIR) and 3D-T1 sampling perfection with application optimized contrast using different flip-angle evolutions(SPACE) sequences to conventional post-contrast 3D-T1 magnetisation prepared rapid gradient-echo (MPRAGE) images in the evaluation of meningeal and brain parenchymal diseases. Materials and methods:A total of 60 patients with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) findings suggestive of infectious / inflammatory / metastatic parenchymal and/or meningeal abnormalities, were selected from patients who underwent MRI brain with intravenous (IV) contrast from March 2019 to Nov 2019.All the patients had their diagnosis confirmed by histopathological or microbiological studies, as deemed appropriate. Two radiologists independently assessed the presence of additional information on post-contrast (PC) 3D-T2-FLAIR and 3D-T1-SPACE images and compared them with PC 3D-T1-MPRAGE images. Results: Both reviewers found that post contrast 3 D-T1-SPACE provided more additional information than post contrast 3D-T1-MPRAGE in the evaluation of brain parenchymal and supratentorial meningeal abnormalities.PC 3D-T2-FLAIR is an excellent tool in the evaluation of intratentorial leptomeningeal abnormalities and identifying the scolex in patients with neurocysticercosis (NCC), presenting with ring enhancing lesions.

Benign and malignant skull-involved lesions: discriminative value of conventional CT and MRI combined with diffusion-weighted MRI

2018 ◽  
Vol 60 (7) ◽  
pp. 880-886 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhanhai Tu ◽  
Zebin Xiao ◽  
Yingyan Zheng ◽  
Hongjie Huang ◽  
Libin Yang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Roc Curve ◽  
Mri Findings ◽  
Adc Value ◽  
Diffusion Weighted ◽  
Apparent Diffusion ◽  
Discriminative Value ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging Mri ◽  
Mri Characteristics ◽  
Conventional Ct ◽  
Ct And Mri

Background Little is known about the value of computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) combined with diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) in distinguishing malignant from benign skull-involved lesions. Purpose To evaluate the discriminative value of DWI combined with conventional CT and MRI for differentiating between benign and malignant skull-involved lesions. Material and Methods CT and MRI findings of 58 patients with pathologically proven skull-involved lesions (43 benign and 15 malignant) were retrospectively reviewed. Conventional CT and MRI characteristics and apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) value of the two groups were evaluated and compared. Multivariate logistic regression and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analyses were performed to assess the differential performance of each parameter separately and together. Results The presence of cortical defects or break-through and ill-defined margins were associated with malignant skull-involved lesions (both P < 0.05). Malignant skull-involved lesions demonstrated a significantly lower ADC ( P = 0.016) than benign lesions. ROC curve analyses indicated that a combination of CT, MRI, and DWI with an ADC ≤ 0.703 × 10–3 mm2/s showed optimal sensitivity, while DWI along showed optimal specificity of 88.4% in differentiating between benign and malignant skull-involved lesions. Conclusion The combination of CT, MRI, and DWI can help to differentiate malignant from benign skull-involved lesions. CT + MRI + DWI offers optimal sensitivity, while DWI offers optimal specificity.

scholarly journals Diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging in cystic renal masses

2017 ◽  
Vol 11 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fikret Balyemez ◽  
Ahmet Aslan ◽  
Ibrahim Inan ◽  
Ercan Ayaz ◽  
Vildan Karagöz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Renal Cysts ◽  
Diagnostic Value ◽  
Resonance Imaging ◽  
Mri Findings ◽  
Renal Masses ◽  
Adc Value ◽  
Diffusion Weighted ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging Mri

Introduction: We aimed to introduce the diagnostic value of diffusion-weighted (DWI) magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) for distinguishing benign and malignant renal cystic masses.Methods: Abdominal DWI-MRIs of patients with Bosniak categories 2F, 3, and 4 cystic renal masses were evaluated retrospectively. Cystic masses were assigned as benign or malignant according to histopathological or followup MRI findings and compared with apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) values.Results: There were 30 patients (18 males and 12 females, mean age was 59.23 ± 12.08 years [range 38‒83 years]) with cystic renal masses (eight Bosniak category 2F, 12 Bosniak category 3, 10 Bosniak category 4). Among them, 14 cysts were diagnosed as benign and 16 as malignant by followup imaging or histopathological findings. For the malignant lesions, the mean ADC values were lower than for benign lesions (p=0.001). An ADC value of ≤2.28 x10-6 mm2/s or less had a sensitivity of 75% and a specificity of 92.86% for detecting malignancy.Conclusions: ADC can improve the diagnostic performance of MRI in the evaluation of complex renal cysts when used together with conventional MRI sequences.

Brain magnetic resonance imaging does not contribute to the diagnosis of chronic neuroborreliosis

2007 ◽  
Vol 48 (7) ◽  
pp. 755-762 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Aalto ◽  
J. Sjöwall ◽  
L. Davidsson ◽  
P. Forsberg ◽  
Ö. Smedby
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Disease Duration ◽  
Brain Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽  
White Matter Lesions ◽  
Resonance Imaging ◽  
Mri Findings ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Fluid Attenuated Inversion Recovery ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging Mri

Background: Borrelia infections, especially chronic neuroborreliosis (NB), may cause considerable diagnostic problems. This diagnosis is based on symptoms and findings in the cerebrospinal fluid but is not always conclusive. Purpose: To evaluate brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in chronic NB, to compare the findings with healthy controls, and to correlate MRI findings with disease duration. Material and Methods: Sixteen well-characterized patients with chronic NB and 16 matched controls were examined in a 1.5T scanner with a standard head coil. T1- (with and without gadolinium), T2-, and diffusion-weighted imaging plus fluid-attenuated inversion recovery (FLAIR) imaging were used. Results: White matter lesions and lesions in the basal ganglia were seen in 12 patients and 10 controls (no significant difference). Subependymal lesions were detected in patients down to the age of 25 and in the controls down to the age of 43. The number of lesions was correlated to age both in patients (ρ = 0.83, P<0.01) and in controls (ρ = 0.61, P<0.05), but not to the duration of disease. Most lesions were detected with FLAIR, but many also with T2-weighted imaging. Conclusion: A number of MRI findings were detected in patients with chronic NB, although the findings were unspecific when compared with matched controls and did not correlate with disease duration. However, subependymal lesions may constitute a potential finding in chronic NB.

Characterization of tumefactive demyelinating lesions using MR imaging and in-vivo proton MR spectroscopy

2008 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 193-203 ◽  
Author(s):  
HS Malhotra ◽  
KK Jain ◽  
A Agarwal ◽  
MK Singh ◽  
SK Yadav ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Resonance Spectroscopy ◽  
Post Contrast ◽  
Open Ring ◽  
Apparent Diffusion ◽  
Demyelinating Lesions ◽  
Fluid Attenuated Inversion Recovery ◽  
Adc Values ◽  
Mri Characteristics

Background and Objectives Diagnosis of tumefactive demyelinating lesions (TDLs) is challenging to both clinicians and radiologists. Our objective in this study was to analyze and characterize these lesions clinically, biochemically, electrophysiologically, and on imaging. Methods A retrospective analysis with prospective follow-up of 18 cases of TDLs was performed. Imaging included T2-, T1-weighted, fluid-attenuated inversion recovery (FLAIR), post-contrast T1-weighted, diffusion weighted imaging (DWI), and proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (PMRS). Results All the lesions appeared hyperintense on T2 and FLAIR images. Increased Apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) (0.93–2.21 × 10−3 mm2/s) in centre of the lesion was seen in 14/18 cases; however, peripheral restriction (ADC values 0.55–0.64 × 10−3 mm2/s) was noted in 11/18 cases. In all, 13/18 cases showed contrast enhancement with open ring ( n = 5), complete ring ( n = 1), minimal ( n = 4), and infiltrative ( n = 3) pattern of enhancement. Nine of these 13 cases also showed venular enhancement. On PMRS, nine showed glutamate/glutamine (Glx) at 2.4 ppm. Conclusion Clinical features along with several MRI characteristics such as open ring enhancement, peripheral restriction on DWI, venular enhancement, and presence of Glx on spectroscopy may be rewarding in differentiating TDLs from neoplastic lesions.

scholarly journals Two cases of possible neuro-Sweet disease with meningoencephalitis as the initial manifestation

2012 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Go Makimoto ◽  
Yasuhiro Manabe ◽  
Chizuru Yamakawa ◽  
Daiki Fujii ◽  
Yasuko Ikeda-Sakai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Intensity ◽  
Skin Lesions ◽  
Pulse Therapy ◽  
Initial Manifestation ◽  
Diffusion Weighted Images ◽  
Fluid Analysis ◽  
Fluid Attenuated Inversion Recovery ◽  
Left Caudate ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging Mri ◽  
The Right

We report 2 cases that were considered to be neuro-Sweet disease. They initially manifested with meningoencephalitis and no skin lesions, and rapidly improved with corticosteroid therapy. In both cases, patients complained of meningitic symptoms such as fever and headache, and HLA-B54 and -Cw1 turned out to be positive over the clinical course. Cerebrospinal fluid analysis showed increased levels of lymphocytes and protein. In case #1, fluid-attenuated inversion recovery (FLAIR), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and diffusion-weighted images (DWI) showed high-intensity signals in the right dorsal medulla oblongata, bilateral dorsal midbrain, and left thalamus. In case #2, FLAIR and DWI showed high-intensity signals in the bilateral cerebellar cortex and left caudate nucleus. Symptoms and MRI images were markedly improved in both cases after corticosteroid pulse therapy. According to published diagnostic criteria, these 2 cases were considered possible neuro-Sweet disease. These cases suggest that the combination of meningoencephalitis and HLA specificity is important to consider the possibility of neuro-Sweet disease, even without skin lesions.

scholarly journals Spinal Decompression Sickness in an Experienced Scuba Diver: A Case Report and Review of Literature

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 235-238
Author(s):  
Altaf Saadi ◽  
Emily A. Ferenczi ◽  
Haatem Reda
Keyword(s):  
Hyperbaric Oxygen ◽  
Sea Water ◽  
Decompression Sickness ◽  
Spinal Injury ◽  
Partial Recovery ◽  
Mri Findings ◽  
Leg Weakness ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging Mri ◽  
Spinal Cord Decompression

Decompression sickness from diving is a rare but potentially reversible cause of spinal injury. Early treatment with hyperbaric oxygen is associated with a better neurologic outcome, making prompt recognition and management clinically important. We describe a case of a 65-year-old diver who presented with thoracic back pain and bilateral leg weakness after a 70 feet of sea water (fsw) (21 meters of sea water [msw]) dive, with no acute abnormality on spinal magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). He made a partial recovery after extended hyperbaric oxygen therapy. We discuss the epidemiology and pathophysiology of central nervous system injury in decompression sickness, as well as acute management and prognostic factors for recovery, including the role of adjunctive therapies and the implications of negative MRI. Ultimately, clinicians should make the diagnosis of spinal cord decompression sickness based primarily on clinical evaluation, not on MRI findings.

MRI findings, including diffusion-weighted imaging, in seven cats with nasal lymphoma and two cats with nasal adenocarcinoma

2020 ◽  
pp. 1098612X2093281
Author(s):  
Toshiyuki Tanaka ◽  
Kazuna Ashida ◽  
Yasumasa Iimori ◽  
Hiroki Yamazaki ◽  
Keiichiro Mie ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diffusion Weighted Imaging ◽  
Case Series ◽  
Mri Findings ◽  
Post Contrast ◽  
Adc Value ◽  
Diffusion Weighted ◽  
Adc Values ◽  
Nasal Adenocarcinoma ◽  
Nasal Lymphoma ◽  
Heterogeneous Enhancement

Objectives Case series summary Primary nasal tumours in cats are rare, with lymphoma being the most common feline nasal tumour, followed by adenocarcinoma. Although CT can reliably detect feline nasal tumours, there are no specific CT features that identify each tumour type. To our knowledge, there have been no reports describing MRI findings, including diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI), for nasal lymphomas and adenocarcinomas in cats. Therefore, this retrospective study aimed to evaluate the MRI findings of nasal lymphoma and adenocarcinoma, including qualitative and quantitative analysis of DWI. Methods MRI examination was performed on seven cats with histologically confirmed lymphoma and on two with adenocarcinoma. The MRI protocol included T2-weighted imaging (T2WI), T1-weighted imaging (T1WI) and DWI. Apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) values were measured using DWI. Contrast agent was not used in one cat with lymphoma. Results In those with lymphoma, three (43%) were iso- and hyperintense on T2WI, seven (100%) were iso-intense on T1WI, five (83%) exhibited mild heterogeneous enhancement, including a prominent region of non-enhancement on post-contrast T1WI, and seven (100%) cats exhibited hyperintensity on DWI. The median ADC values were 0.45 × 10−3 mm2/s (range 0.37–0.53 × 10−3 mm2/s). For adenocarcinoma, two (100%) were iso- and hyperintense on T2WI, two (100%) were iso-intense on T1WI, two (100%) exhibited marked heterogeneous enhancement on post-contrast T1WI and two (100%) were iso-intense on DWI. The median ADC values were 1.08 × 10−3 mm2/s (range 0.88–1.27 × 10−3 mm2/s). The median ADC values of lymphoma tended to be lower than adenocarcinoma ( P = 0.056). Conclusions and relevance Determining ADC value and tumours with a large area of non-enhancement may be helpful in differentiating nasal lymphoma from nasal adenocarcinoma.

scholarly journals Measurement of Apparent Diffusion Coefficient (ADC) Values of Ependymoma and Medulloblastoma Tumors: a Patient-based Study

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
H Taheri ◽  
M B Tavakoli
Keyword(s):  
Diffusion Coefficient ◽  
Apparent Diffusion Coefficient ◽  
Pediatric Patients ◽  
Clinical Images ◽  
Adc Value ◽  
Conventional Mri ◽  
Apparent Diffusion ◽  
Adc Values ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging Mri

Background: aimed to compare the apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) of two different cerebellar pediatric tumors, including ependymoma and medulloblastoma which have shown similar clinical images in conventional magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) methods.Material and Methods: Thirty six pediatric patients who were suspected to have the mentioned tumors according to their CT image findings were included in this study. The patients were subjected to conventional MRI protocols followed by diffusion weighted imaging (DWI) and ADC values of the tumors were calculated automatically using MRI scanner software.Results: The mean (± SD) ADC value for ependymoma (1.2± 0.06 ×10-3 mm2/s) was significantly higher than medulloblastoma (0.87 ± 0.02 ×10-3 mm2/s) (p = 0.041). Moreover, the maximum ADC value of ependymoma was considerably different in comparison with medulloblastoma (1.4 ×10-3 mm2/s and 0.96×10-3 mm2/s, respectively; p = 0.035) Furthermore, the minimum ADC value of ependymoma was higher compared to medulloblastoma (1.0 ×10-3 mm2/s and 0.61×10-3 mm2/s, respectively), but it was not significant (p = 0.067).Conclusion: Evaluation of ADC values for ependymoma and medulloblastoma is a reliable method to differentiate these two malignancies. This is due to different ADC values reflected during the evaluation.

scholarly journals Role of DWI in evaluation of HCC after radiofrequency ablation compared to dynamic MRI using MRI (3 T)

2021 ◽  
Vol 52 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Bahaa Mohamed Elrefaey Hasan ◽  
Hanaa Abd ElKader Abd ElHamid ◽  
Nivan Hany Khater ◽  
Waseem ElGendy ◽  
Ahmed S. Abdelrahman
Keyword(s):  
Radiofrequency Ablation ◽  
Dynamic Mri ◽  
Reliable Technique ◽  
Adc Value ◽  
Cutoff Value ◽  
Dce Mri ◽  
Apparent Diffusion ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging Mri ◽  
Sensitivity Specificity ◽  
A Prospective Study

Abstract Background The purpose of this study was to investigate the diagnostic performance of diffusion weight imaging (DWI), apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) map, normalized ADC liver, and normalized ADC spleen compared to the dynamic contrast-enhanced MRI (DCE-MRI) in the evaluation of residual hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) after radiofrequency ablation (RFA) using 3 T (T) magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Results A prospective study was performed on 40 patients with radiofrequency-ablated HCC, and 15 (37.5%) patients had viable lesion post-RFA, while 25 (62.5%) had non-viable lesions. DCE-MRI had a sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy of 100%, 100%, and 100%, respectively, compared to DWI which had a sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy of 80%, 88%, and 85%, respectively, for identifying post-RFA viable HCC. The sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy of ADC at a cutoff value of 1.01 × 10−3 mm2/s were 80%, 100%, and 97.1%, respectively. The optimal cutoff value of normalized ADC liver was 0.81 with a sensitivity of 73.3%, specificity of 96%, and accuracy of 92.8%. The sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy of normalized ADC spleen at a cutoff value of 1.22 were 80%, 92%, and 91.1%, respectively. Conclusions DWI-MRI is a reliable technique for assessing HCC after radiofrequency ablation. DWI-MRI with ADC may be used as an alternate sequence for assessing radiofrequency-ablated lesions in individuals who have a contraindication to the contrast media, and the normalized ADC value may be of additional benefit.

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