scholarly journals Low Incubation Temperature During Late Incubation and Early Feeding Affect Broiler Resilience to Necrotic Enteritis in Later Life

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hendrikus J. Wijnen ◽  
Carla W. van der Pol ◽  
Inge A. M. van Roovert-Reijrink ◽  
Joren De Smet ◽  
Aart Lammers ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Early Life ◽  
Incubation Temperature ◽  
Feeding Strategy ◽  
Later Life ◽  
Necrotic Enteritis ◽  
Loss Of Function ◽  
Early Feeding ◽  
Life Conditions ◽  
Early Life Conditions ◽  
Antibody Levels

Resilient animals can cope with environmental disturbances in life with minimal loss of function. Resilience can be enhanced by optimizing early-life conditions. In poultry, eggshell temperature (EST) during incubation and early feeding are two early-life conditions that are found to alter neonatal chick quality as well as immune response in later life. However, whether these early-life conditions affect disease resilience of chickens at later ages has never been studied yet. Hence, we studied the effects of EST [(37.8°C (control) or 36.7°C (lower)] during late incubation (≥embryonic days 17–19.5) and feeding strategy after hatch [immediately (early feeding) or 51–54 h delayed (delayed feeding)] on later-life broiler resilience in a 2 × 2 factorial arrangement. At hatch, 960 broilers of both sexes from a 54-week-old Ross breeder flock were equally divided over 32 pens (eight replicate pens per treatment combination) and grown for 6 weeks. Necrotic enteritis was induced by a single inoculation of Eimeria spp. at d 21 and repeated Clostridium perfringens inoculation (3×/d) during d 21–25. Mortality and body weight (BW) gain were measured daily during d 21–35 as indicators of resilience. Additionally, disease morbidity was assessed (gut lesions, dysbacteriosis, shedding of oocysts, footpad dermatitis, and natural antibody levels in blood). Results showed a lack of interaction between EST and feeding strategy for the vast majority of the variables. A lower EST resulted in lower BW gain at d 5 and 8 post Eimeria inoculation (P = 0.02) and more Eimeria maxima oocysts in feces at d 8 post Eimeria inoculation compared to control EST (P < 0.01). Early feeding tended to lower mortality compared to delayed feeding (P = 0.06), but BW gain was not affected by feeding strategy. Morbidity characteristics were hardly affected by EST or feeding strategy. In conclusion, a few indications were found that a lower EST during late incubation as well as delayed feeding after hatch may each impair later-life resilience to necrotic enteritis. However, these findings were not manifested consistently in all parameters that were measured, and conclusions are drawn with some restraint.

scholarly journals Can environmental conditions experienced in early life influence future generations?

2014 ◽  
Vol 281 (1785) ◽  
pp. 20140311 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tim Burton ◽  
Neil B. Metcalfe
Keyword(s):  
Early Life ◽  
Developmental Plasticity ◽  
Later Life ◽  
Biomedical Literature ◽  
Adaptive Plasticity ◽  
Natural Systems ◽  
Life Conditions ◽  
Early Life Conditions ◽  
Developmental Conditions ◽  
Early Developmental

The consequences of early developmental conditions for performance in later life are now subjected to convergent interest from many different biological sub-disciplines. However, striking data, largely from the biomedical literature, show that environmental effects experienced even before conception can be transmissible to subsequent generations. Here, we review the growing evidence from natural systems for these cross-generational effects of early life conditions, showing that they can be generated by diverse environmental stressors, affect offspring in many ways and can be transmitted directly or indirectly by both parental lines for several generations. In doing so, we emphasize why early life might be so sensitive to the transmission of environmentally induced effects across generations. We also summarize recent theoretical advancements within the field of developmental plasticity, and discuss how parents might assemble different ‘internal’ and ‘external’ cues, even from the earliest stages of life, to instruct their investment decisions in offspring. In doing so, we provide a preliminary framework within the context of adaptive plasticity for understanding inter-generational phenomena that arise from early life conditions.

scholarly journals Survival of offspring who experience early parental death: Early life conditions and later-life mortality

2014 ◽  
Vol 119 ◽  
pp. 180-190 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ken R. Smith ◽  
Heidi A. Hanson ◽  
Maria C. Norton ◽  
Michael S. Hollingshaus ◽  
Geraldine P. Mineau
Keyword(s):  
Early Life ◽  
Parental Death ◽  
Later Life ◽  
Life Conditions ◽  
Early Life Conditions

Early-life conditions impact juvenile telomere length, but do not predict later life-history strategies or fitness in a wild vertebrate

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Janske van de Crommenacker ◽  
Martijn Hammers ◽  
Hannah Louise Dugdale ◽  
Terry Burke ◽  
Jan Komdeur ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Telomere Length ◽  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Early Life ◽  
Later Life ◽  
Effective Measure ◽  
Life Conditions ◽  
The Future ◽  
Early Life Conditions ◽  
The Impact

1.Environmental conditions experienced during early life may have long-lasting effects on later-life phenotypes and fitness. Individuals experiencing poor early-life conditions may suffer subsequent fitness constraints. Alternatively, individuals may use a strategic ‘Predictive Adaptive Response’ (PAR), whereby they respond – in terms of physiology or life-history strategy – to the conditions experienced in early life to maximise later-life fitness. In particular, the Future Lifespan Expectation (FLE) PAR hypothesis predicts that when poor early-life conditions negatively impact an individual’s physiological state, individuals will accelerate their reproductive schedule to maximise fitness during their shorter predicted lifespan.2.We aimed to measure the impact of early-life conditions and resulting fitness across individual lifetimes to test the predictions of the FLE hypothesis in a wild, long-lived model species. 3.Using a long-term individual-based dataset, we investigated how early-life conditions are linked with subsequent fitness in an isolated population of the Seychelles warbler (Acrocephalus sechellensis). How individuals experience early-life environmental conditions may vary greatly, so we also tested whether telomere length – shorter telomers are a biomarker of an individual’s exposure to stress – can provide an effective measure of the individual-specific impact of early-life conditions. Specifically, under the FLE hypothesis, we would expect shorter telomeres to be associated with accelerated reproduction. 4.Contrary to expectations, shorter juvenile telomere length was not associated with poor early-life conditions, but instead with better conditions, probably as a result of faster juvenile growth. Furthermore, neither juvenile telomere length, nor other measures of early-life conditions, were associated with age of first reproduction or the rate of early-life reproduction in either sex. These results do not support the key prediction of the Future Lifetime Expectation PAR hypothesis. 5.We found no support for the FLE hypothesis. However, at least for males, poor early-life body conditions were associated with lower first year survival and reduced longevity, indicating that poor early-life conditions pose subsequent fitness constraints. Our results also showed that using juvenile telomere length as a measure of early-life conditions requires caution, as it is likely to not only reflect environmental stress but also other processes such as growth.

scholarly journals Early-Life Conditions and Cognitive Function in Middle-and Old-Aged Chinese Adults: A Longitudinal Study

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (10) ◽  
pp. 3451 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lei Yang ◽  
Zhenbo Wang
Keyword(s):  
Longitudinal Study ◽  
Cognitive Function ◽  
Early Life ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Later Life ◽  
Good Health ◽  
Chinese Adults ◽  
Life Conditions ◽  
Curve Modeling ◽  
Early Life Conditions

A range of previous studies have suggested that early-life conditions (ELCs) are associated with various health problems throughout life in Western societies. The aim of this study was to investigate whether, and how, early-life conditions predicted the level and trajectory of cognitive function in middle- and old-aged Chinese adults. Data were obtained from China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study which comprised 16,258 adults at baseline. Cognitive function was assessed using mental intactness and episodic memory and ELCs were measured by early parental death, childhood socioeconomic status (SES), food deprivation, and childhood health. Growth curve modeling was used to examine the trajectory of cognitive function (three waves in a 6-year period)with particular attention paid to the effects of ELCs on cognition. The results show that early maternal death is associated with the baseline cognitive level among middle- and old-aged Chinese adults (β range between −0.44 and −0.35, p < 0.05), but that this association is also largely attenuated by adulthood education. Higher childhood SES predicts an enhanced level of baseline cognition in both age groups (β range between 0.08 and 1.27, p < 0.001), but only protects against cognitive decline at baseline in middle-aged adults. Participants who were less healthy during childhood tended to have lower cognitive performance than those who had enjoyed good health (β range between −0.36 and −0.14, p < 0.05). The results of this study highlight the detrimental impact of deleterious ELCs on cognitive function throughout later life.

scholarly journals Early‐life conditions determine the between‐individual heterogeneity in plasticity of calving date in reindeer

2019 ◽  
Vol 89 (2) ◽  
pp. 370-383 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amélie Paoli ◽  
Robert B. Weladji ◽  
Øystein Holand ◽  
Jouko Kumpula
Keyword(s):  
Early Life ◽  
Individual Heterogeneity ◽  
Life Conditions ◽  
Early Life Conditions
Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document