scholarly journals Life Cycle Assessment of Ramie Fiber Used for FRPs

Aerospace ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 81 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shaoce Dong ◽  
Guijun Xian ◽  
Xiao-Su Yi
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Life Cycle Assessment ◽  
Life Cycle ◽  
Glass Fiber ◽  
Environmental Impacts ◽  
Ozone Depletion ◽  
Natural Fiber ◽  
Ramie Fiber ◽  
Fiber Reinforced ◽  
Spinning Process

With the depletion of natural resources and the deterioration of environment, natural fiber based biomaterials are attracting more and more attentions. Natural fibers are considered to be renewable, biodegradable, and ecofriendly, and have been applied to be used as alternative reinforcements to traditional glass fibers for polymer based composites (GFRP). Natural fiber reinforced polymer (NFRP) composites have been found to be manufactured as secondary structures or interior parts of aircrafts or automobiles. In this paper, a cradle-to-gate life cycle assessment (LCA) study was performed to demonstrate the possible advantages of ramie fiber on environmental impacts and to provide fundamental data for the further assessment of ramie fiber reinforced polymers (RFRP) and its structures. By collecting the material inventories of the production process of ramie fiber, the environmental impacts of ramie fiber (characterized by eight main impact categories, which are climate change, terrestrial acidification, freshwater eutrophication, human toxicity potential, ozone depletion, photochemical oxidant creation, freshwater ecotoxicity, and fossil depletion) were calculated and compared with that of glass fiber. Found if spinning process is ignored within the production of the ramie fiber, ramie fiber exhibits better ozone depletion and they have almost the same values of climate change and terrestrial acidification in terms of glass fiber. However, if the spinning process is included, ramie fiber only performs better in terms of ozone depletion. And degumming and carding and spinning processes are the processes that cause more pollution.

scholarly journals Life Cycle Assessment of Mortars Produced Partially Replacing Cement by Treated Mining Residues

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (17) ◽  
pp. 7947
Author(s):  
Joana Almeida ◽  
Paulina Faria ◽  
Alexandra Branco Ribeiro ◽  
António Santos Silva
Keyword(s):  
Global Warming ◽  
Life Cycle Assessment ◽  
Life Cycle ◽  
Environmental Impacts ◽  
Ozone Depletion ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Management Options ◽  
Photochemical Ozone ◽  
Mining Residues ◽  
Abiotic Depletion

The use of secondary mining resources to replace conventional constituents in mortars production has proved the effectiveness to preserve the quality of mechanical, physical, and chemical properties. However, minimal research has been performed to quantify the environmental impacts of mortars with mining residues. In the present work, a life cycle assessment of 10 mortars was carried out. A reference mortar (100% of cement binder) and mortars with cement substitutions in 10, 25, and 50% by raw, electrodialytic treated, and electrodialytic plus thermal treated mining residues were analysed. The impacts were studied in six environmental categories: (1) abiotic depletion; (2) global warming; (3) ozone depletion; (4) photochemical ozone creation; (5) acidification; and (6) eutrophication potentials. The results demonstrated that mortars formulated with raw mining residues may decrease the environmental impacts, namely in global warming potential (55.1 kg CO2 eq./t modified mortar). Considering the treatments applied to mining residues, the major mitigations were reported in photochemical ozone creation (−99%), ozone depletion (−76 to −98%), and acidification potential (−90 to −94%), mainly due to the disposal impacts avoided in comparison to the reference mortar. Analysing all mortars’ constituents and their management options, products with electrodialytic treated mining residues showed higher influence in ozone depletion (18 to 52%). Coupling a thermal procedure, mining residues contributed for 99% of the abiotic depletion potential of mortars.

Towards Prospective Sustainability Life Cycle Assessment

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abigail R. Clarke-Sather ◽  
Saleh Mamun ◽  
Daniel Nolan ◽  
Patrick Schoff ◽  
Matthew Aro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Life Cycle Assessment ◽  
Life Cycle ◽  
Environmental Impacts ◽  
Environmental Effects ◽  
Circular Economy ◽  
Economic Impacts ◽  
Cultural Perspective

Abstract Life cycle assessment (LCA) is a well-established tool for measuring environmental effects of existing technology. While the most recent LCA research has focused on environmental impacts, in particular on the effects of climate change, there is growing interest in how LCA can be used prospectively. A 2019 workshop in Duluth, Minnesota sought to define the needs and priorities of prospective life cycle assessment from a perspective that considers diverse viewpoints. In that workshop, participants outlined frameworks for how sustainability impacts might figure into a prospective LCA tool focused on assessing technologies currently under development. Those frameworks included social and economic impacts, which were characterized alongside environmental impacts, with the goal of predicting potential impacts and developing recommendations for improving technologies. Cultural perspective, in particular the roots of the German circular economy, was explored and held up as a reminder that different communities are influenced by different sustainability concerns, leading to diverse policy and cultural prerogatives. The purpose of this paper is to catalyze conversation about how to frame methodologies of existing LCA tools that could be used in a prospective sustainability context.

scholarly journals Penilaian Kitar Hayat Suatu Pengenalan

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Saidah Md Said ◽  
Amir Hamzah Sharaai ◽  
Sitty Nur Syafa Bakri
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Environmental Management ◽  
Land Use ◽  
Life Cycle Assessment ◽  
Life Cycle ◽  
Ozone Depletion ◽  
Human Activities ◽  
Pollution Prevention ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Material Extraction

Penilaian Kitar Hayat (LCA) merupakan alat untuk menilai dan membanding impak alam sekitar oleh aktiviti manusia terhadap proses atau produk daripada awal hingga akhir hayatnya. Penggunaan sumber dan pembebasannya kepada alam sekitar berlaku pada pelbagai peringkat kitar hayat sesebuah produk daripada pengekstrakan bahan mentah, pemerolehan tenaga, penghasilan dan pembuatan, penggunaan, kitar semula dan pelupusan. Kesemuanya berpotensi menyumbang kepada perubahan iklim, penipisan lapisan ozon, pengasidan, eutrofikasi, bebanan ketoksikan terhadap kesihatan manusia dan ekosistem, pengurangan sumber, guna tanah dan sebagainya. Kertas kerja ini bertujuan memperkenalkan kerangka dan prosedur dalam melakukan kajian LCA, aplikasi, kelebihan dan pembatasan LCA untuk diaplikasikan ke dalam pengurusan alam sekitar dan pencegahan pencemaran. Kata kunci: Penilaian Kitar Hayat (LCA); pengurusan alam sekitar; pencegahan pencemaran Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) is a tool to measure and compare the environmental impacts by human activities of a process or product from cradle to grave. Resources consumption and emission to environment occur at many stages in a product’s life cycle from raw material extraction, energy acquisition, production and manufacturing, use, recycling until the disposal. These potentially contribute to climate change, ozone depletion, acidification, euthrophication, toxicological stress on human health and ecosystems, the depletion of resources, land use, and others. This paper introduces the LCA framework and procedure, applications, advantage and limitation of LCA as well as its application in environmental management and pollution prevention scenarios. Key words: Life Cycle Assessment (LCA); environmental management; pollution prevention

scholarly journals Environmental Impacts of Styrene-Butadiene-Styrene Toughened Wood Fiber/Polylactide Composites: A Cradle-to-Gate Life Cycle Assessment

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (18) ◽  
pp. 3402
Author(s):  
Tao Qiang ◽  
Yaxuan Chou ◽  
Honghong Gao
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle Assessment ◽  
Life Cycle ◽  
Environmental Impacts ◽  
Natural Fiber ◽  
Wood Fiber ◽  
Environmental Benefits ◽  
Cradle To Gate ◽  
Styrene Butadiene Styrene ◽  
Styrene Butadiene ◽  
Butadiene Styrene

In this study, a life cycle assessment (LCA) was used to investigate the environmental benefits of using styrene-butadiene-styrene (SBS) to modify polylactide (PLA)-based wood plastic composites (WPCs), with a process-based and input–output hybrid model. The results showed that one metric ton of the SBS-modified WPCs required 1.93 × 108 kJ of energy (Sample 2) and 46 m3 of water (Sample 4), and that it could produce 42.3 kg of solid waste (Sample 2) during its cradle-to-gate life cycle phases. The environmental impact load (EIL) and photochemistry oxidation potential (PCOP) accounted for the largest share, while the eutrophication potential (EP) took the smallest one. The total EIL index of Samples 1, 2, 3, and 4 added up to 1.942, 1.960, 1.899, and 1.838, respectively. The SBS-modified WPCs were found to be more environmentally friendly than their unmodified counterparts when they had the same or higher wood fiber (WF) content. SBS was viable to toughen the PLA-based WPCs from an environmental perspective. This cradle-to-gate LCA is likely to help optimize the manufacturing process and mitigate environmental impacts for the natural fiber-reinforced polymer biocomposites.

A Life Cycle Assessment of Natural Fiber Reinforced Composites in Automotive Applications

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Claire Boland ◽  
Robb DeKleine ◽  
Aditi Moorthy ◽  
Gregory Keoleian ◽  
Hyung Chul Kim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle Assessment ◽  
Life Cycle ◽  
Natural Fiber ◽  
Fiber Reinforced Composites ◽  
Reinforced Composites ◽  
Automotive Applications ◽  
Fiber Reinforced

scholarly journals Life Cycle Assessment of Heaven Mushroom Product

2021 ◽  
Vol 228 ◽  
pp. 02003
Author(s):  
Phatcharapron Sukkanta ◽  
Krittaphas Mongkolkoldhumrongkul
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Life Cycle Assessment ◽  
Life Cycle ◽  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Greenhouse Gas ◽  
Environmental Impacts ◽  
Functional Unit ◽  
Assessment Method ◽  
Cradle To Gate ◽  
Impacts Of Climate Change

Climate change affects all regions around the world, so efforts to minimize the environmental impacts of climate change have high importance. The aim of this study is to evaluate the environmental impacts on the production of heaven mushroom product at the Ban Tai Khod community in Rayong, Thailand. In this study, cradle to gate was selected as the system boundary and functional unit from the life cycle assessment method. The results found that the process of building a mushroom house has the highest greenhouse gas emissions of 1, 496.609 kgCO2eq. The mushroom cubes mixing process has the highest energy consumption throughout the production process, requiring an energy consumption of 5.595 kWh. The greenhouse gas is released amount 3, 588.362 kgCO2eq. throughout this process. Additionally, the payback period of the heaven mushroom product is 0.92 years.

scholarly journals Life cycle assessment of expanded polystyrene

2021 ◽  
Vol 920 (1) ◽  
pp. 012030
Author(s):  
Y S Lim ◽  
T N T Izhar ◽  
I A Zakarya ◽  
S Y Yusuf ◽  
S K Zaaba ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle Assessment ◽  
Life Cycle ◽  
Environmental Impacts ◽  
Ozone Depletion ◽  
Expanded Polystyrene ◽  
Environmental Indicators ◽  
Significant Potential ◽  
Acidification Potential ◽  
Materials Used ◽  
Ozone Depletion Potential

Abstract Expanded polystyrene (EPS) is one of the most common materials used in packaging. In Malaysia, EPS is a type of plastic which is not in the recycling category. Usually, EPS wastes will end up in landfill and incinerator, leading to severe environmental impacts. Therefore, a cradle-to-grave life cycle assessment (LCA) study of EPS was carried out to investigate the potential environmental impacts of EPS. The most significant potential environmental impact will also be identified. Both will be identified under 2 different scenarios. The study was analyzed using GaBi Education Software with the method of TRACI 2.1 to the environmental indicators of global warming potential (GWP), acidification potential (AP), eutrophication potential (EP), and ozone depletion potential (ODP). In scenario 1, the emission percentage for GWP, AP, EP, and ODP are 99.73 %, 0.21 %, 0.06 %, and 3x10-6 %, respectively. As for scenario 2, all the 3 conditions show similar trend with scenario 1. The LCA study of EPS is particularly focused on the manufacturing, distribution, and the end-of-lifetime treatments, with the introduction of recycling into the system. The findings show that manufacturing of EPS is the major contributor of the environmental impacts and GWP contributes to the most significant potential environmental impacts. Overall, recycling was found to have the least impact to the environment, which possibly be used as the new end-of-lifetime treatment of EPS in Malaysia.

scholarly journals ANALISIS POTENSI DAMPAK LINGKUNGAN DARI BUDIDAYA TEBU MENGGUNAKAN PENDEKATAN LIFE CYCLE ASSESSMENT (LCA)

2019 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 51-64
Author(s):  
Arieyanti Dwi Astuti
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Life Cycle Assessment ◽  
Life Cycle ◽  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Natural Resources ◽  
Environmental Impacts ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Photochemical Oxidation ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Human Toxicity

ENGLISHMinimizing the adverse impact of sugarcane plantation can be carried out through many ways including increasing the efficiency of energy and natural resources consumption as well as improving the management of waste and emissions. Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) was applied to assess the environmental impact of sugarcane plantation without considering sugarcane usage as a raw material in the sugar industry (gate to gate). CML (baseline) was used as Life Cycle Impact Assessment (LCIA) method. This study aimed to: 1) examine the natural resources and energy consumption; 2) analyze and identify potential environmental impacts; and 3) recommend alternative improvements to reduce environmental impacts. It used primary data and secondary data. The results showed that: 1) natural resources were used to produce 16,097 ton of sugarcane or 1 ton of sugar, were land requirement (0.233 ha), water consumption (2,223.117 m3), and energy consumption (19,234.254 MJ); 2) there are five most potential environmental impacts which are analyzed by using openLCA including climate change (134,275.23 kg CO2 eq), eutrophication (120.24 kg PO4 eq), acidification (1.54 kg SO2 eq), photochemical oxidation (0.36 kg ethylene eq), and human toxicity (0.15 kg 1.4-dichlorobenzene eq); 3) alternative recommendation could be conducted by reducing the usage of inorganic fertilizer, and utilizing cane trash (dry leaves, green leaves, and tops) as boiler fuel for production process in sugar factory. INDONESIABudidaya tebu menimbulkan dampak negatif terhadap lingkungan sehingga diperlukan upaya untuk meminimalisir dampak negatif tersebut melalui efisiensi konsumsi energi, konsumsi sumber daya alam (SDA), serta pengelolaan limbah dan emisi. LCA merupakan salah satu metode untuk menganalisis dampak lingkungan dari budidaya tebu tanpa mempertimbangkan penggunaan tebu panen sebagai bahan baku industri gula (gate to gate). Metode yang digunakan untuk LCIA adalah CML (baseline). Penelitian ini  bertujuan untuk: 1) menghitung penggunaan SDA dan energy, 2) menganalisis dan mengidentifikasi potensi dampak lingkungan, dan 3) menyajikan rekomendasi perbaikan untuk menurunkan dampak lingkungan. Data penelitian berupa data primer dan data sekunder. Unit fungsional pada penelitian ini adalah produksi 1 ton gula untuk satu tahun. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa: 1) konsumsi SDA berupa lahan tebu seluas 0,233 ha, air sebanyak 2.223,117 m3 dan energi sebesar 19.234,254 MJ; 2) potensi dampak lingkungan yang dianalisis menggunakan OpenLCA menghasilkan 5 dampak lingkungan tertinggi, yaitu climate change (134.275,23 kg CO2 eq), eutrophication (120,24 kg PO4 eq), acidification (1,54 kg SO2 eq), photochemical oxidation (0,36 kg ethylene eq), and human toxicity (0,15 kg 1,4-dichlorobenzene eq); 3) alternatif perbaikan yang direkomendasikan berupa penggunaan pupuk anorganik dengan dosis yang tepat dan memanfaatkan limbah pasca pane n (daun kering, serasah) sebagai bahan bakar boiler untuk proses produksi industri gula.

scholarly journals Life-Cycle Assessment of Crude Palm Oil Produced at Mill J, PT XYZ, Sumatera Island using Eco-indicator 99

2018 ◽  
Vol 159 ◽  
pp. 01028
Author(s):  
Pertiwi Andarani ◽  
Winardi Dwi Nugraha ◽  
Desinta Sawitri ◽  
Wiwik Budiawan
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Life Cycle Assessment ◽  
Life Cycle ◽  
Environmental Impacts ◽  
Palm Oil ◽  
Production System ◽  
Crude Palm Oil ◽  
Agricultural Industry ◽  
Palm Oil Mill ◽  
Negative Impacts

The Crude Palm Oil industry has now become the largest agricultural industry in Indonesia. Nevertheless, the growth of CPO industry could also bring negative impacts on the environment if the company does not control their emissions and discharges properly. Life-cycle Assessment (LCA) is one of the tools that can assess the environmental impacts due to CPO production activities. This study aims to assess the potential environmental impacts arising from the CPO production system at Mill J, PT XYZ, Sumatera Island by using Eco-indicator 99. Based on this study, in 2015, the process in plantation and mill contributed to climate change category was 0.013 DALY or after normalized 202 Pt. Meanwhile, the land use category has 395 PDF*m2yr or 30.8 Pt. Meanwhile, all of the other categories were less than 30.8 Pt, hence, the highest impact of this CPO production system is climate change at the activities in industrial estate (fertilizers usage) and industry (emitted from waste water of palm oil mill).

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