scholarly journals Chemical and Spectroscopic Parameters Are Equally Sensitive in Describing Soil Organic Matter Changes After Decades of Different Fertilization

Agriculture ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (9) ◽  
pp. 422
Author(s):  
Tomáš Šimon ◽  
Mikuláš Madaras
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Soil Organic Matter ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Hot Water ◽  
Organic C ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
Spectral Detection ◽  
Total Organic C ◽  
Som Decomposition

The composition and dynamics of soil organic matter (SOM) are decisive factors in soil quality. In this work, total organic C (Ctot), hot water extractable C (Chwl), and aliphatic and aromatic SOM components detected by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy were determined to evaluate SOM quantity and quality in soil samples taken between 2004 and 2017 from 13 field experiments established in different soil and climatic conditions of the Czech Republic. In addition, the C pool index (CPI), lability index (LI), C management index (CMI), and SOM decomposition index (DI) were assessed. Treatments were selected as follows: Unfertilized control (Nil), mineral fertilized treatment (NPK), farmyard manured treatment (FYM), and organic and mineral fertilized treatment (FYM+NPK). Both organic and combined fertilization significantly increased soil Ctot, Chwl, CPI, LI, CMI, and labile aliphatic SOM components (FTIRaliph) in most of the experiments compared to unfertilized treatments (p ≤ 0.05). In contrast, the highest content of recalcitrant aromatic SOM components (FTIRarom) and increased DI were determined in majority of unfertilized soils. Our results show that: (1) fertilization regimes increased both labile and total C pools; the highest increase was nearly uniformly observed for NPK+FYM treatment; (2) SOM chemical and FTIR spectral detection had equal sensitivity to the changes; and (3) none of the parameters or indices tested can be used as a stand-alone SOM quality descriptor.

Soil stripping and replacement for the rehabilitation of bauxite-mined land at Weipa. I. Initial changes to soil organic matter and related parameters

Soil Research ◽  
2000 ◽  
Vol 38 (2) ◽  
pp. 345 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. D. Schwenke ◽  
D. R. Mulligan ◽  
L. C. Bell
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Soil Organic Matter ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Surface Soil ◽  
Soil Disturbance ◽  
Microbial Biomass C ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
Double Pass ◽  
Organic C ◽  
The Difference

At Weipa, in Queensland, Australia, sown tree and shrub species sometimes fail to establish on bauxite-mined land, possibly because surface-soil organic matter declines during soil stripping and replacement. We devised 2 field experiments to investigate the links between soil rehabilitation operations, organic matter decline, and revegetation failure. Experiment 1 compared two routinely practiced operations, dual-strip (DS) and stockpile soil, with double-pass (DP), an alternative method, and subsoil only, an occasional result of the DS operation. Other treatments included variations in stripping-time, ripping-time, fertiliser rate, and cultivation. Dilution of topsoil with subsoil, low-grade bauxite, and ironstone accounted for the 46% decline of surface-soil (0–10 cm) organic C in DS compared with pre-strip soil. In contrast, organic C in the surface-soil (0–10 cm) of DP plots (25.0 t/ha) closely resembled the pre-strip area (28.6 t/ha). However, profile (0–60 cm) organic C did not differ between DS (91.5 t/ha), DP (107 t/ha), and pre-strip soil (89.9 t/ha). Eighteen months after plots were sown with native vegetation, surface-soil (0–10 cm) organic C had declined by an average of 9% across all plots. In Experiment 2, we measured the potential for post-rehabilitation decline of organic matter in hand-stripped and replaced soil columns that simulated the DS operation. Soils were incubated in situ without organic inputs. After 1 year’s incubation, organic C had declined by up to 26% and microbial biomass C by up to 61%. The difference in organic C decline between vegetated replaced soils (Expt 1) and bare replaced soils (Expt 2) showed that organic inputs affect levels of organic matter more than soil disturbance. Where topsoil was replaced at the top of the profile (DP) and not ploughed, inputs from volunteer native grasses balanced oxidation losses and organic C levels did not decline.

Impact of long-term cultivation on the status of organic matter and cadmium in soil

2001 ◽  
Vol 81 (3) ◽  
pp. 349-355 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. F. E. McArthur ◽  
P M Huang ◽  
L M Kozak
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Soil Organic Matter ◽  
Significant Positive Correlation ◽  
Soil Organic C ◽  
Organic C ◽  
Total Soil ◽  
Total Organic C ◽  
Soil Cd ◽  
Cultivated Soils

Research has suggested a link between the bioavailability of soil Cd and total soil organic matter. However, some research suggested a negative relationship between total soil organic matter and bioavailable soil Cd while other research suggested a positive relationship. This study investigated the relationship between soil Cd and both the quantity and quality of soil organic matter as influenced by long-term cultivation. Two Orthic Chernozemic surface soil samples, one from a virgin prairie and the other from an adjacent cultivated prairie, were collected from each of 12 different sites throughout southern Saskatchewan, Canada. The samples were analyzed for total organic C, total Cd, Cd availability index (CAI), and pH. The nature of the soil organic matter was investigated with 13C Cross Polarization Magic Angle Spinning Nuclear Magnetic Resonance spectroscopy (13C CPMAS NMR). The total soil Cd, CAI, and total soil organic C of the cultivated soils were significantly lower than those of the virgin soils whereas the opposite trend was observed for the soil pH and the aromaticity of the organic C. The reduced CAI in the cultivated soils was related to the increase in both the soil pH and the aromaticity of the organic C. No relationship was found between the CAI and the soil organic C content, but a significant positive correlation was found between total organic C and total Cd in both the virgin and the cultivated soils. As well, a significant positive correlation was found between the fraction of total Cd removed from the soil after long-term cultivation and the corresponding fraction of organic C removed. Key words: Long-term cultivation, soil organic matter, 13C CPMAS NMR, cadmium

Tillage effects on the dynamics of total and corn-residue-derived soil organic matter in two southern Ontario soils

1999 ◽  
Vol 79 (3) ◽  
pp. 473-480 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. D. Wanniarachchi ◽  
R. P. Voroney ◽  
T. J. Vyn ◽  
R. P. Beyaert ◽  
A. F. MacKenzie
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Soil Organic Matter ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Soil Depth ◽  
Reduced Tillage ◽  
Plant Residues ◽  
Organic C ◽  
Tillage Practices ◽  
Loam Soil

Agricultural management practices affect the dynamics of soil organic matter (SOM) by influencing the amount of plant residues returned to the soil and rate of residue and SOM decomposition. Total organic C and δ13C of soil were measured in two field experiments involving corn cropping to determine the effect of tillage practices on SOM dynamics. Minimum tillage (MT) and no tillage (NT) had no significant impact on the soil C compared with conventional tillage (CT) in the 0- to 50-cm soil depth sampled at both sites. Continuous corn under MT and CT for 29 yr in a silt loam soil sequestered 61–65 g m−2 yr−1 of corn-derived C (C4-C), and it accounted for 25–26% of the total C in the 0- to 50-cm depth. In a sandy loam soil cropped to corn for 6 yr, SOM contained 10 and 8.4% C4-C under CT and NT, respectively. Reduced tillage practices altered the distribution of C4-C in soil, causing the surface (0–5 cm) soil of reduced tillage (MT and NT) plots to have higher amounts of C4-C compared to CT. Tillage practices did not affect the turnover of C3-C in soil. Key words: Soil organic matter, 13C natural abundance, tillage practices

scholarly journals Key predictors of soil organic matter vulnerability to mineralization differ with depth at a continental scale

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tyler L. Weiglein ◽  
Brian D. Strahm ◽  
Maggie M. Bowman ◽  
Adrian C. Gallo ◽  
Jeff A. Hatten ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Soil Organic Matter ◽  
Field Capacity ◽  
Climate Feedbacks ◽  
Organic C ◽  
Continental Scale ◽  
Broad Array ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Boruta Algorithm ◽  
Som Decomposition

AbstractSoil organic matter (SOM) is the largest terrestrial pool of organic carbon, and potential carbon-climate feedbacks involving SOM decomposition could exacerbate anthropogenic climate change. However, our understanding of the controls on SOM mineralization is still incomplete, and as such, our ability to predict carbon-climate feedbacks is limited. To improve our understanding of controls on SOM decomposition, A and upper B horizon soil samples from 26 National Ecological Observatory Network (NEON) sites spanning the conterminous U.S. were incubated for 52 weeks under conditions representing site-specific mean summer temperature and sample-specific field capacity (−33 kPa) water potential. Cumulative carbon dioxide respired was periodically measured and normalized by soil organic C content to calculate cumulative specific respiration (CSR), a metric of SOM vulnerability to mineralization. The Boruta algorithm, a feature selection algorithm, was used to select important predictors of CSR from 159 variables. A diverse suite of predictors was selected (12 for A horizons, 7 for B horizons) with predictors falling into three categories corresponding to SOM chemistry, reactive Fe and Al phases, and site moisture availability. The relationship between SOM chemistry predictors and CSR was complex, while sites that had greater concentrations of reactive Fe and Al phases or were wetter had lower CSR. Only three predictors were selected for both horizon types, suggesting dominant controls on SOM decomposition differ by horizon. Our findings contribute to the emerging consensus that a broad array of controls regulates SOM decomposition at large scales and highlight the need to consider changing controls with depth.

scholarly journals Soil organic matter pools under management systems in Quilombola Territory in Brazilian Cerrado

2017 ◽  
Vol 21 (4) ◽  
pp. 254-260 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robervone S. de M. P. do Nascimento ◽  
Maria L. G. Ramos ◽  
Cícero C. de Figueiredo ◽  
Antonio M. M. Silva ◽  
Stefany B. Silva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Soil Organic Matter ◽  
Sensu Stricto ◽  
Management Systems ◽  
Perennial Crop ◽  
Organic C ◽  
Natural Pasture ◽  
Labile C ◽  
Organic Matter Fractions ◽  
Total Organic C

ABSTRACT The aim of this study was to evaluate the stable and labile fractions of soil organic matter and carbon (C) management index in cultivated areas with conservation and conventional management used by Quilombola farmers in the Goiás state, Brazil. The management systems were studied in the areas of Cerradão: Native Cerrado; Pasture; Conventional grain cultivation; Conservation cultivation of perennial crop; and in the sensu stricto Cerrado: Native Cerrado; Natural pasture; Conventional grain cultivation; Conventional cultivation of perennial crop. The study was considered as observational, with five replicates. Total organic C, fractions of humic substances, labile C and C management index were determined. The Cerradão phytophysiognomy had the highest total organic C values and stable soil organic matter fractions. The native areas had low levels of labile C. The conservation cultivation of perennial crop showed the largest accumulation of total organic C in the different fractions of soil organic matter and the highest rates of C management index.

scholarly journals Influence of long-term application of organic and inorganic fertilizers on soil properties

2014 ◽  
Vol 60 (No. 7) ◽  
pp. 314-319 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Šimon ◽  
A. Czakó
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Farmyard Manure ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Hot Water ◽  
Cattle Slurry ◽  
Organic C ◽  
Soluble C ◽  
Organic And Inorganic Fertilizers ◽  
Total Organic C

This study assesses the effect of long-term (59 years) application of organic and inorganic fertilizers on soil organic matter and enzyme activity. Total organic C, total organic N, hot water soluble C, microbial biomass C and dehydrogenase activity were evaluated in soil from the long-term field experiment in Prague-Ruzyně (Orthic Luvisol, clay loam). Total organic C and N increased significantly in soils treated with organic fertilizers (farmyard manure, compost) and in soils with a combination of organic and mineral NPK fertilizers (manure + NPK, compost + NPK, cattle manure + straw + NPK) compared to soil treated with inorganic fertilizer, cattle slurry + straw and non-fertilized control. Farmyard manure significantly increased hot water soluble C compared to the control. Dehydrogenase activity was significantly increased by all treatments compared to control. The results indicate that additions of organic matter from various sources differ in the effects on soil organic matter and biological activity. The effect of manure was the most favourable; long-term application of cattle slurry + straw is rather similar to mineral fertilization.

scholarly journals Long – term evalutation of the organic matter balance and its relations to the organic C content in the topsoils in Ústí nad Orlicí district

2009 ◽  
Vol 57 (2) ◽  
pp. 13-24 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jiří Dostál ◽  
Dana Cerhanová ◽  
Lenka Hajzlerová ◽  
Jana Martincová ◽  
Petra Pospíšilová ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Soil Organic Matter ◽  
Farmyard Manure ◽  
Arable Land ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Hot Water ◽  
Hydrophobicity Index ◽  
Organic C ◽  
Time Period ◽  
Organic Fertilisers

Organic matter balance in the farms located in Ústí nad Orlicí district has been investigated since 1979. As a result, so called need of organic fertilisation, has been determined and the supply of the organic fertilisers to soils, e.g. farmyard manure, slurries and also straw and green manure has been monitored over the whole time period. About 45 % of the arable land area in the district has been monitored.In addition to the organic matter balance, we determined several soil organic matter characteristics in soil samples (organic C, N and S contents, inert and decomposable C content, hot water soluble C content, hydrophobicity index calculated from the DRIFT spectrometry, available P, K, Ca and Mg contents and pH).The relationships between the organic matter supply with supplemental sources organic fertilisers and all the selected soil organic matter characteristics were statistically significant. Significant correlations were also found for the relationships between the organic matter need and all the selected soil organic matter characteristics.

The long-term effect of biochar on composition of soil organic matter 

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sandra Pärnpuu ◽  
Karin Kauer ◽  
Henn Raave
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Nmr Spectroscopy ◽  
Soil Organic Matter ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Bulk Soil ◽  
Organic C ◽  
Native Soil ◽  
Soil Hydrophobicity ◽  
Som Decomposition

<p>Biochar has been described as relatively stable form of C with long mean residence time due to its predominantly aromatic structure. Addition of biochar can sequester C in the soil, albeit the effect of biochar on native soil organic C decomposition, whether it stimulates or reduces the decomposition of native soil organic matter, requires further understanding. The aim of this research was to study the long-term impact of biochar (BC) on the composition of soil organic matter (SOM) in Fragi-Stagnic Albeluvisol. The work was compiled on the basis of field experiment, set up on a production field in 2011. The experiment was drawn up of two treatments and four replicates, where on half of the replicates slow-pyrolysis hardwood BC (51.8% C, 0.43% N) produced at 500-600 °C was applied 50 Mg ha<sup>-1</sup>. The soil samples were collected from 0-10 cm soil layer in autumn 2020. The air-dried samples were sieved through a 2-mm sieve and divided into two fractions: the particulate organic matter (POM) fraction (soil particles larger than 0.063 mm) and the mineral-associated organic matter (MAOM) (<0.063 mm) by density fractionation method. The soil organic carbon (SOC) and total nitrogen (Ntot) concentrations of bulk soil and fractions were measured. The chemical composition of SOM was studied using <sup>13</sup>C nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. Bulk soil samples and fractions were pretreated with 10% HF solution before NMR spectroscopy analysis. Two indices were calculated: the ratio of alkyl C/O-alkyl C, which describes the degree of SOM decomposition and soil hydrophobicity (HI): (aromatic-C+alkyl-C)/O/N-Alkyl-C.</p><p>The addition of BC to the soil increased the SOC concentration but did not influence the Ntot concentration and the soil C/N ratio increased from 11.6 to 16.7. The distribution of POM and MAOM was not affected by the BC and POM proportion accounted for an average of 57–58%. The SOC concentrations of POM and MAOM fractions were higher in the BC variant. The BC increased the proportion of aromatic-C in the SOM, as the proportion of aromatic-C in initial BC was high (almost 92%). Initially the BC is inherently highly hydrophobic and increased the HI of bulk soil, POM, and MAOM fractions. The HI increased in line: MAOM<bulk<POM (1.51<1.67<1.97). An increase in HI inhibits the decomposition of SOM and it was also confirmed by a decreased ratio of alkyl-C/O-alkyl-C after the BC addition. The decomposition degree was lowest in POM fraction where SOC concentration was more than doubled due to BC. The suppressed decomposition was caused by the limitation of soil Ntot concentration and increased C/N ratio.</p><p>In conclusion, the effect of BC on the composition of SOM was still evident after 10 years of increasing SOC concentration and soil hydrophobicity and decreasing SOM decomposition degree promoting C sequestration to the soil.</p><p>This work was supported by the Estonian Research Council grant PSG147.</p>

scholarly journals The Soil Organic Matter in Connection with Soil Properties and Soil Inputs

Agronomy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 779
Author(s):  
Václav Voltr ◽  
Ladislav Menšík ◽  
Lukáš Hlisnikovský ◽  
Martin Hruška ◽  
Eduard Pokorný ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Soil Organic Matter ◽  
Soil Texture ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Soil Depth ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Hot Water ◽  
Natural Soil ◽  
Soil Productivity ◽  
Linear Regression Models

The content of organic matter in the soil, its labile (hot water extractable carbon–HWEC) and stable (soil organic carbon–SOC) form is a fundamental factor affecting soil productivity and health. The current research in soil organic matter (SOM) is focused on individual fragmented approaches and comprehensive evaluation of HWEC and SOC changes. The present state of the soil together with soil’s management practices are usually monitoring today but there has not been any common model for both that has been published. Our approach should help to assess the changes in HWEC and SOC content depending on the physico-chemical properties and soil´s management practices (e.g., digestate application, livestock and mineral fertilisers, post-harvest residues, etc.). The one- and multidimensional linear regressions were used. Data were obtained from the various soil´s climatic conditions (68 localities) of the Czech Republic. The Czech farms in operating conditions were observed during the period 2008–2018. The obtained results of ll monitored experimental sites showed increasing in the SOC content, while the HWEC content has decreased. Furthermore, a decline in pH and soil´s saturation was documented by regression modelling. Mainly digestate application was responsible for this negative consequence across all soils in studied climatic regions. The multivariate linear regression models (MLR) also showed that HWEC content is significantly affected by natural soil fertility (soil type), phosphorus content (−30%), digestate application (+29%), saturation of the soil sorption complex (SEBCT, 21%) and the dose of total nitrogen (N) applied into the soil (−20%). Here we report that the labile forms (HWEC) are affected by the application of digestate (15%), the soil saturation (37%), the application of mineral potassium (−7%), soil pH (−14%) and the overall condition of the soil (−27%). The stable components (SOM) are affected by the content of HWEC (17%), soil texture 0.01–0.001mm (10%), and input of organic matter and nutrients from animal production (10%). Results also showed that the mineral fertilization has a negative effect (−14%), together with the soil depth (−11%), and the soil texture 0.25–2 mm (−21%) on SOM. Using modern statistical procedures (MRLs) it was confirmed that SOM plays an important role in maintaining resp. improving soil physical, biochemical and biological properties, which is particularly important to ensure the productivity of agroecosystems (soil quality and health) and to future food security.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document