Market Imperfections within the European Wheat Value Chain: The Case of France and the United Kingdom

The focus of this paper is on the analysis of market imperfections in the French and U.K. wheat value chains. We used mark-up and mark-down models and stochastic frontier analysis to estimate the degree of market imperfections in two completely different wheat-to-bread chains for two stages/sectors—milling and baking. Our results reveal some degree of market imperfections within the input and output markets for both the milling and baking sectors in France and the United Kingdom. However, the abuse of bargaining power is especially pronounced in the input market for the second stage of wheat processing, particularly in the French baking sector. However, we did not observe the expected positive association between the degree of market imperfections and company size except for a group of middle, large, and very large companies within the millers’ input market. Small companies indicate considerably high values of “Lerner”/Lerner indices, suggesting a benefit from other sources of competitive advantage (such as quality, niche markets, etc.).

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Effects of partial quantity rationing of credit on technical efficiency of Boro rice growers in Bangladesh: Application of the stochastic frontier model

Emirates Journal of Food and Agriculture ◽

10.9755/ejfa.2021.v33.i6.2714 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 501

Author(s):

Md Ghulam Rabbany ◽

Yasir Mehmood ◽

Fazlul Hoque ◽

Tanwne Sarker ◽

Arshad Ahmad Khan ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Technical Efficiency ◽

Stochastic Frontier Analysis ◽

Seed Quality ◽

Stochastic Frontier ◽

Farm Labor ◽

Negative Effects ◽

Frontier Analysis ◽

Credit Data ◽

Two Stages ◽

Boro Rice

In this study, we analyzed the effects of the partial quantity rationing of credit on the technical efficiency of Boro rice growers in the Pabna district of Bangladesh. Before conducting the field survey, we designed a theoretical framework and identified farm households affected by the partial quantity rationing of credit. Data were collected from 174 Boro rice growers and analyzed in two stages, where the technical efficiency of Boro rice growers was assessed using stochastic frontier analysis, and the inefficiency effects model was then applied to evaluate determinants of the technical efficiency. The mean technical efficiency of Boro rice growers was 78%, which indicates that their technical efficiency was 22% beyond the production frontier curve. The variables comprising the household head’s age, education level, seed quality, formal training, access to the market, farm labor, tillage cost, fertilizer cost, irrigation cost, and price of seedlings significantly affected the technical efficiency of rice growers. The variables of interest comprising the rate and partial quantity rationing of credit had significant negative effects on the technical efficiency of rice growers. The findings obtained in this study will help to enhance the actual production level using the available resources and improve the food security situation in Bangladesh.

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Why Tax Effort Falls Short of Tax Capacity in Indian States

Public Finance Review ◽

10.1177/1091142115623855 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 45 (2) ◽

pp. 232-259 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

Sandhya Garg ◽

Ashima Goyal ◽

Rupayan Pal

Keyword(s):

Stochastic Frontier Analysis ◽

Political Competition ◽

Stochastic Frontier ◽

Positive Association ◽

Negative Association ◽

Intergovernmental Transfers ◽

Indian States ◽

Frontier Analysis ◽

Tax Effort ◽

Tax Capacity

This article attempts to measure tax capacity and tax effort of fourteen major Indian states from 1991–1992 to 2010–2011 using stochastic frontier analysis. It shows that the variation across states in tax effort is wide and increasing over time. While per capita gross state domestic product, literacy rate, and labor force participation have positive association with tax capacity, a greater share of agriculture has negative association. Furthermore, intergovernmental transfers, given tax capacity, have negative association with tax effort of states. Expenditure on debt repayment is also adversely associated with tax effort but to a lower extent than outstanding liabilities. Enactment of Fiscal Responsibility and Budget Management Act is associated with improvement in states’ tax effort. Both within-state political competition and governance indicators have positive association on tax effort.

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Productive efficiency of wine grape producers in the North of Portugal

Wine Economics and Policy ◽

10.36253/wep-8977 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Micael Santos ◽

Xosé Antón Rodríguez ◽

Ana Marta-Costa

Keyword(s):

Value Chain ◽

Stochastic Frontier Analysis ◽

Stochastic Frontier ◽

Productive Efficiency ◽

Structural Factors ◽

Frontier Analysis ◽

Face To Face ◽

The North ◽

Major Player ◽

Output Information

Portugal is a country traditionally dedicated to viticulture and characterized by the production of wines of high quality. However, although it continues to be a major player in the world, both in the extension of vineyards and in the production of wine, it is certain that in recent years Portugal have lost market share in these areas. In this context, it is interesting to analyze if this situation could be related to the level of productive efficiency of vineyards. Therefore, the aims of this study are to analyse the farms that are efficiently allocating resources to achieve maximum production and to identify characteristics that make the farm more efficient. In addition, we want to analyse the productive efficiency of the farms from a regional perspective. To achieve this purpose, we use a database collected by face-to-face surveys from a sample of 154 wine-growing farms with specific input-output information from 2017. These farms are locating in the three regions of the North of Portugal (Minho, Douro and Trás-os-Montes), which represents more than 40% of the Portuguese vineyard area. To analyse the productive efficiency of the farms, we use the Stochastic Frontier Analysis (SFA). The results show that the efficiency level in the wine-growing farms from the North of Portugal is arround 67%, but with significant differences at regional level. Many of these discrepancies may be due to structural factors, such as the type of grape produced in each region. In conclusion, the findings make evident that the most efficient farms are not the most profitable due to the structure of the existing value chain.

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Effects of Improved Cassava Varieties on Farmers’ Income in Northern Agro-ecological Zone, Uganda

Sustainable Agriculture Research ◽

10.5539/sar.v10n2p65 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (2) ◽

pp. 65

Author(s):

Graceline O. Akongo ◽

Godfrey A. Otim ◽

Laban F. Turyagyenda ◽

Anton Bua ◽

Alfred Komakech ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Value Chain ◽

Stochastic Frontier Analysis ◽

Smallholder Farmers ◽

Stochastic Frontier ◽

Parameter Estimate ◽

Ecological Zone ◽

Gross Margin ◽

Frontier Analysis ◽

Fast Tracking ◽

Cassava Varieties

This paper examines the extent to which improved cassava varieties contribute to improvement in income of smallholder farmers in the Northern agro-ecological zone of Uganda. In order to achieve the objective, data was collected from PRELNOR supported farmers’ fields, other farmers’ fields and baseline cassava fields. Consequently, descriptive statistics, gross margin and stochastic frontier analysis were adopted during analysis. Results from the analysis revealed that higher yields per hectare were registered within PRELNOR supported farmers’ fields and yield from NAROCAS1 surpassed all the varieties (37.3 tons per hectare). Location specific results revealed that Gulu had better yields (34.5 tons per hectare) while Kitgum registered the lowest average (24.1 tons per hectare). Gross margin indicated that every Shilling invested in improved variety earned profit 1.3 to 1.8 times above the local variety and each shillings invested in PRELNOR supported fields generated 5.6 times above the baseline fields. The parameter estimate for profit function revealed that planting material, other production related costs, NAROCAS1, NASE14 and NASE19 were positively correlated with profit but labour and baseline field had negative correlations. Conversely, profit efficiency grew by 40% under improved varieties against local varieties. This study suggests that the difference in yields and profit between locations was caused by biophysical characteristic; disease tolerant varieties can tremendously improve profitability and income; meanwhile the profit gaps were partly attributed to inefficiency. This study recommends fast tracking adoption of pest and disease tolerant varieties and integrated research and development approach throughout the cassava value chain.

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ENTERPRISE ASSESSMENT ACROSS CASSAVA WASTE (PEELS) VALUE CHAIN IN OGUN STATE

Journal of Agricultural Science and Environment ◽

10.51406/jagse.v20i1.2100 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 20 (1) ◽

pp. 40-55

Author(s):

V. A. ELEGBEDE ◽

E. O. A. OLUWALANA ◽

A. M. SHITTU

Keyword(s):

Value Chain ◽

Stochastic Frontier Analysis ◽

Stochastic Frontier ◽

Sampling Technique ◽

Cooperative Groups ◽

Credit Access ◽

Frontier Analysis ◽

Access To Credit ◽

Ogun State ◽

Cassava Peels

In this article, the Enterprise assessment across cassava peels value chain in Ogun State Nigeria is examined. Multistage sampling technique was used to select 180 cassava processors and marketers. Socio-economic data were obtained from respondents with the use of pre-tested questionnaires. Data were analysed using descriptive statistics, budgetary technique, Stochastic Frontier Analysis (SFA) and Student t-test. The study found that majority (84.3% and 52.8%) of processors of cassava peels and marketers were female. In addition, 60.2% of the processors and 51.4% of the marketers had secondary education. The value chain activities carried out by processors were transportation, drying and packaging while marketers transported, packaged and put the peels in storage for future sales. The SFA revealed that cost of labour (p<0.01) and quantity of fresh cassava peels (p<0.01) were the main determinants of output of dried cassava peels by the processors. The inefficiency model revealed that the efficiency of producing dried cassava peels increased with increase in age (p<0.01), credit access (p<0.01), household size (p<0.01) and membership of cooperative society (p<0.01). Furthermore, the cost function revealed that cost of sieving (p<0.05) and depreciation on capital item (p<0.01) increased the production cost of dried cassava peels. The mean technical, allocative and economic efficiency of producing dried cassava peels were estimated as 94%, 83% and 78% respectively. This study concluded that production of cassava peels is efficient and its trade is profitable. The study recommends that cassava processors and marketers should form cooperative groups to increase access to credit for higher output and trade of peels.

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