Influence of Tillage Systems, and Forms and Rates of Nitrogen Fertilizers on CO2 and N2O Fluxes from Winter Wheat Cultivation in Oklahoma

Cultivation of winter wheat under reduced tillage systems is increasing in the U.S. Southern Great Plains. Likewise, there is revived interest for including summer legumes in monocultures of winter wheat as green sources of nitrogen (N). This study investigated the influence of tillage systems (no- and conventional tillage), and source and rates of N fertilizer (0, 45 and 90 kg N ha−1 yr−1 in inorganic N fertilizer, and cowpea as green manure) on emissions of carbon dioxide (CO2) and nitrous oxide (N2O) from winter wheat cultivation. The study was conducted within a long-term field experiment initiated in 2011, at upland and bottomland sites near El Reno, Oklahoma during the 2016–2017 growing season of winter wheat. The experiment was conducted site-wise as split-plots in a completely randomized design, with N treatment as main plots and tillage system as subplots. Thus, there were a total of eight treatment combinations with three replicated plots (4 m × 10 m) in each combination in both sites. Net ecosystem exchange (NEE) of CO2 was measured by a closed chamber connected to an infra-red gas analyzer, and fluxes were partitioned to gross primary production (GPP) and ecosystem respiration (ER). Heterotrophic soil respiration (SR) was measured on bare soil spots. Fluxes of N2O were measured with an opaque closed chamber system with a portable gas analyzer. Dynamics of canopy CO2 fluxes (NEE, GPP and ER) were similar between tillage systems, while canopy CO2 fluxes increased with rate of N fertilization. Canopy CO2 fluxes from cowpea and an unfertilized control were similar, and the lowest, due to poor growth of winter wheat compared to the N fertilized treatments. Fluxes of N2O approximated zero from all treatments throughout the study and no response of N fertilizer or tillage system was seen. In conclusion, the results from this study indicated that canopy fluxes of CO2 from winter wheat are controlled by forms and rates of N fertilizers rather than tillage systems.

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Bed Planting Techniques Improved Crop Yield by Efficient use of Added Nitrogen Fertilizer

Indian Journal of Agricultural Research ◽

10.18805/ijare.a-599 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Abdul Majeed ◽

Abid Niaz ◽

Aysha Sameen ◽

Hafiz Basheer Ahmad ◽

Muhammad Younus ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Nitrogen Fertilizer ◽

Dry Matter ◽

Crop Growth ◽

N Fertilizer ◽

Nitrogen Fertilizers ◽

Nitrous Oxide Emissions ◽

Dry Matter Yield ◽

Wheat Growth ◽

Crop Fields ◽

Wheat Cultivation

Background: Nitrogen fertilizer is imperative for rice and wheat growth and dry matter yield as compare to other macronutrients. Nitrogen is also added in high amount in every one of rice and wheat cultivation method. Effective uptake of added nitrogen by crops from soil supports in increasing crop growth and dry matter yield. Best N fertilizer utilization is indispensable for improving crop growth and to decrease environmental pollution. Methods: A comparison of the utility of nitrogen fertilizer usage by plants in wheat and rice crops grown on beds and flat land was planned in the current investigation. Beds were manufactured with bed planter machine. The plant samples were collected, dried and digested with acid for mineral nutrients analysis after harvesting the crops.Result: The results showed that the addition of N fertilizer (80 kg / ha) to the bed produced at par yield (4.51 t / ha) as obtained by an addition of 120 kg N / ha in flat sowing. Planting of rice on bed plus furrow and adding N (100 kg / ha) to the prescribed dosage of N (150 kg / ha) in flat sowing produced at par yield. It concludes that by planting crops on beds without loss in yield, higher use of N fertilizer in crops can be minimized. Thus, bed planting strategies effectively and indirectly minimize nitrous oxide emissions from applied nitrogen fertilizers in wheat and rice crop fields through increasing the usage of added N fertilizer through plants.

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Research on Organic Winter Wheat Cultivation

Bulletin of University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine Cluj-Napoca Agriculture ◽

10.15835/buasvmcn-agr:6469 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 68 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Liviu TOMOS

Keyword(s):

Winter Wheat ◽

Natural Resources ◽

Organic Farming ◽

Healthy Food ◽

Soil Tillage ◽

Environment Protection ◽

Wheat Cultivation ◽

Tillage System ◽

Optimum Application

The goal of organic farming is to create and maintain a balance between environment protection and croping technology for each tipe of crop, beginning with the soil tillage system wich is aimed to ensure harmony and keep the balance between the natural resources and the crop needs. The yields level depends mostly on the optimum application of all technological sequences beginning with soil selection and finishing with crop harvesting. The yield has to be satisfactory both in quantity and quality. Nowadays, although quantity is very important, more and more the stress is on the quality; consumers being more oriented towards healthy food.

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EFFECTS OF TILLAGE SYSTEMS AND FERTILIZATION LEVEL ON THE WEEDINESS OF WINTER WHEAT

AGROFOR ◽

10.7251/agreng1702147k ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 2 (2) ◽

Author(s):

Dušan KOVAČEVIĆ ◽

Snežana OLJAČA ◽

Željko DOLIJANOVIĆ ◽

Vesna MILIĆ ◽

Nemanja GRŠIĆ ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Winter Wheat ◽

Weed Control ◽

Floristic Composition ◽

Conventional Tillage ◽

Weed Species ◽

Stellaria Media ◽

Tillage Systems ◽

Fresh Biomass ◽

Tillage System ◽

Fertilization Level

This paper deals with results of the effects of three tillage systems and differentnitrogen fertilizer level on floristic composition of weed community in winterwheat in investigated period on the chernozem-luvic soil type. The trial was carriedout on the estate experimental field of the Faculty of Agriculture - Zemun"Radmilovac" near Belgrade in Serbia. Tillage systems and fertilization withnitrogen fertilizers have a big influence on weed control and floristic composition,number of species and individuals and biomass of weeds in winter wheat. Theweed community in winter wheat crops was composed of 14 weed species in bothyear of investigation, respectively, with dominancy of terophytes. The obtainedresults showed that the dominant weed species were Avena fatua L., Papaverrhoeas L., Sinapis arvensis L. and Stellaria media (L.) Vill. from annuels and.Convolvulus arvensis L. from perennials prevailed in the weed community inwinter wheat crops.Conventional tillage system with nitrogen level in top dressing120 kg ha-1 had better effect in weed control than both of both investigatedconservation tillage systems (MTS and NTS) had. However, mulch tillage has notlagged behind the conventional tillage increased total weed number of individualsannual and perennial species especially fresh biomass. No-tillage system makesweed control difficult.

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Integration of Weed Management and Tillage Practices in Spring Barley Production

Weed Technology ◽

10.1614/wt-d-14-00144.1 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 29 (3) ◽

pp. 367-373 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Drew J. Lyon ◽

Frank L. Young

Keyword(s):

Winter Wheat ◽

Grain Yield ◽

Weed Control ◽

Weed Management ◽

Conservation Tillage ◽

Spring Barley ◽

Conventional Tillage ◽

Barley Grain ◽

Tillage Systems ◽

Tillage System

Spring barley can be used to diversify and intensify winter wheat-based production systems in the U.S. Pacific Northwest. The objective of this study was to describe the effects of tillage system and weed management level (WML) on weed control and spring barley grain yield when grown in a winter wheat-spring barley-spring dry pea rotation. A long-term integrated pest management field study examined the effects of three WMLs (minimum, moderate, and maximum) and two tillage systems (conservation and conventional) on weed control and barley grain yield. Total weed biomass at harvest was 8.0 and 59.7 g m−2for the maximum and minimum WMLs, respectively, in the conservation tillage system, but was similar and averaged 12.2 g m−2for all three WMLs in the conventional tillage system. Despite greater weed biomass with minimum weed management in the conservation tillage system, barley grain yields averaged 5,060 and 4,780 kg ha−1for the conservation tillage and conventional tillage systems, respectively. The benefits of conservation tillage require adequate herbicide inputs.

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Influence of Tillage Systems on Weed Abundance in Southwestern Ontario

Weed Technology ◽

10.1017/s0890037x0003757x ◽

1993 ◽

Vol 7 (3) ◽

pp. 699-705 ◽

Cited By ~ 42

Author(s):

A. Gordon Thomas ◽

Brenda L. Frick

Keyword(s):

Winter Wheat ◽

Soil Disturbance ◽

No Tillage ◽

Tillage Systems ◽

Weed Communities ◽

Multivariate Ordination ◽

Ordination Techniques ◽

Tillage System ◽

Soil Inversion ◽

Moldboard Plow

Weed data were collected over three tillage systems and two years in southwestern Ontario, in fields of corn, soybean, and winter wheat. Tillage systems involved soil inversion by moldboard plow, soil disturbance without inversion, and no tillage. The data were subjected to multivariate ordination techniques to determine if weed communities were associated with the different crops, tillage systems, or years. Crop, year, and tillage system all had significant effects on the weed community. Weed communities in corn and winter wheat were least similar; those in soybean were intermediate. Several grass weeds were more abundant in the drier of the two years. Some variation was related to tillage system but the effect of tillage was less than that of either crop or year.

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The effectiveness of nitrogen fertilizers and nutrition systems for the winter wheat cultivation using no-till technology in the Stavropol Territory arid zone

IOP Conference Series Earth and Environmental Science ◽

10.1088/1755-1315/548/7/072022 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 548 ◽

pp. 072022

Author(s):

A N Esaulko ◽

A Y Ozheredova ◽

E V Golosnoy ◽

D A Mel’nikov ◽

I Y Vdovydchenko

Keyword(s):

Winter Wheat ◽

Arid Zone ◽

Nitrogen Fertilizers ◽

No Till ◽

Wheat Cultivation

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Influence of Tillage Systems on the Degree of Weeding on Agricultural Crops at ARDS Turda

Bulletin of University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine Cluj-Napoca Agriculture ◽

10.15835/buasvmcn-agr:2018.0029 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 76 (2) ◽

pp. 99

Author(s):

Alina ŞIMON ◽

Felicia CHEŢAN ◽

Cornel CHEŢAN ◽

Marius BĂRDAŞ

Keyword(s):

Winter Wheat ◽

Conservation Tillage ◽

Wheat Yield ◽

Vegetation Period ◽

Conventional Tillage ◽

Xanthium Strumarium ◽

Agricultural Crops ◽

Tillage Systems ◽

Tillage System ◽

Winter Wheat Yield

Plants of spontaneous flora are in constant competition with culture plants for water, nutrients and other vegetation factors. The degree of weeding was determined in 2014-2016, at four crops - winter wheat, maize, soybeans and peas, cultivated in conventional tillage system and conservation tillage. Temperatures and precipitations registered on the vegetation period in three year had a high influence on the number of weeds found in agricultural crops, so in 2015 there was a smaller number of weeds than in 2014 respectively 2016. Of the species determined in this period is noted for annual dicotyledonous (most of them Chenopodium sp., Veronica sp. and Xanthium strumarium), and among the species of monocotyledonous species Echinochloa sp. and Setaria sp. which are found in all four cultures. In the case of the application of conservative tillage systems there is an increase in the number of weeds compared to the conventional tillage system. The average yields obtained by maize, soybean and peas at application of conservative tillage systems are close to the classical tillage system, the winter wheat yield was higher in the no tillage system than in the classical tillage system.

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