Effect of Compound Biochar Substrate on the Root Growth of Cucumber Plug Seedlings

Since plug seedling plays a key role in automatic transplanting, this work aimed to explore the effect biochar has on the root growth of plug seedlings. The physicochemical properties tests showed that the addition of biochar in the peats could increase the porosity, pH, and EC values of the substrate, and the substrates treated with 0%, 10%, 20%, and 30% biochar could meet the requirements of seedling raising. The water retention of the substrate was superior with the increase of biochar proportion, and the nitrogen release significantly decreased with the increase of the biochar proportion. Our results demonstrated that the substrate with 10% biochar-treated apparently promoted the growth of seedlings and root systems, even the length of the root-tip cells. However, the substrates with 40% and 50% biochar-treated obviously inhibited the growth of seedlings and root systems. It was noticed that the strength of substrate with appropriate biochar proportion was enhanced, as well. Under the interaction of strong root system and solid substrate, the compressive strength of the substrate with 20% and 10% biochar-treated was much better than others, especially that of 40% and 50% biochar-treated, which efficiently satisfied the requirements of automatic seedling picking. The biochar may have a good application prospect in seedling raising.

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EFFECTS OF NICKEL SULFATE ON ROOT GROWTH AND NUCLEOLI IN ROOT TIP CELLS OF ALLIUM CEPA

Israel Journal of Plant Sciences ◽

10.1080/07929978.1994.10676565 ◽

1994 ◽

Vol 42 (2) ◽

pp. 143-148 ◽

Cited By ~ 10

Author(s):

Donghua Liu ◽

Wusheng Jiang ◽

Lin Guo ◽

Yuqing Hao ◽

Cheng Lu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Root Growth ◽

Allium Cepa ◽

Silver Staining ◽

Nickel Sulfate ◽

Inhibitory Effect ◽

Root Tip ◽

Staining Reaction ◽

Nucleolar Material ◽

Tip Cells ◽

Root Tip Cells

The effects of different concentrations of nickel sulfate on root growth and nucleoli in root tip cells of Allium cepa were studied. The concentrations of nickel sulfate (NiSO4 · 7H2O) used were in the range of 10−7-10−1M. The results showed that nickel sulfate has a stimulatory effect on root growth at lower concentrations, and an inhibitory effect at higher concentrations. Nickel has toxic effects on nucleoli at higher concentrations. Phenomena we observed were irregularly shaped nucleoli, weaker silver staining reaction at the periphery of the nucleolus, and extrusion of nucleolar material from nuclei into the cytoplasm after treatment with higher concentrations of Ni.

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Allium cepa Bio Assay to Assess the Water and Sediment Cytogenotoxicity in a Tropical Stream Subjected to Multiple Point and Nonpoint Source Pollutants

Journal of Toxicology ◽

10.1155/2019/5420124 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 2019 ◽

pp. 1-10 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

W. M. Dimuthu Nilmini Wijeyaratne ◽

L. G. Y. J. G. Wadasinghe

Keyword(s):

Root Growth ◽

Allium Cepa ◽

Water Samples ◽

Root Tip ◽

Sediment Samples ◽

Water And Sediment ◽

Sediment Elutriates ◽

Tip Cells ◽

Root Tip Cells ◽

Water And Sediment Samples

The present study was conducted to assess the cytotoxicity of water and sediments of an industrial effluent receiving water body in the western province of Sri Lanka using Allium cepa bioassay. Six sampling sites (Site A: Urban; B: Industrial; C: Water intake for public water supply; D: Industrial; E: Agricultural; F: Reference) were selected from the study area. Ten replicate water and sediment samples were collected from each site, and physical and chemical parameters were measured using standard analytical methods. Cytotoxicity of water and sediment elutriates were measured using Allium cepa bioassay. Despite the significant spatial variations, the overall water and sediment quality parameters of the study sites were in accordance with the standard ambient environment parameters to sustain a healthy aquatic life. In the A. cepa bulbs exposed to water samples, significant root growth variations were not observed within 48 hours of exposure. However, significant root length variations were observed in A. cepa bulbs exposed to sediment elutriates within the 48-hour exposure and the percentage root growth inhibition increased with increase of exposure time. Similar trend was observed in mitotic activity indicating significantly lower mitotic indices (compared to that of the reference site) in A. cepa root tip cells exposed to sediment elutriates than those exposed to water samples. Further, the highest number of nuclear abnormalities was recorded from root tip cells of A. cepa exposed to water and sediment samples from sites B, C, and D. Therefore, it is of extreme importance to identify the composition and speciation of these cytogenotoxic compounds in the tropical climatic conditions and to propose possible clean-up or treatment solutions to overcome this environmental and public health risk associated problem.

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EFFECTS OF PB2+ ON ROOT GROWTH, CELL DIVISION, AND NUCLEOLUS OF BRASSICA JUNCEA L.

Israel Journal of Plant Sciences ◽

10.1080/07929978.1999.10676767 ◽

1999 ◽

Vol 47 (3) ◽

pp. 153-156 ◽

Cited By ~ 12

Author(s):

Wusheng Jiang ◽

Donghua Liu

Keyword(s):

Cell Division ◽

Root Growth ◽

Brassica Juncea ◽

Lead Nitrate ◽

Inhibitory Effect ◽

Toxic Effects ◽

Root Tip ◽

Anaphase Bridges ◽

Tip Cells ◽

Root Tip Cells

The effects of different concentrations (10−5-10−2M) of lead nitrate on root growth and nucleoli in root tip cells of Brassica juncea L. were investigated. The results showed that lead nitrate has a stimulatory effect on root growth at lower concentrations, and an inhibitory effect at higher concentrations. Pb has toxic effects on chromosomal morphology, including c-mitosis and anaphase bridges, and on nucleoli, causing some particulate silver-stained material scattered in the nuclei and inducing irregularly shaped nucleoli. Once the nucleolus was affected, the root growth almost or completely stopped.

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Characterization of pharmaceuticals industrial effluent using GC–MS and FT-IR analyses and defining its toxicity

Applied Water Science ◽

10.1007/s13201-019-1064-z ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 9 (8) ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Vineeta Kumari ◽

A. K. Tripathi

Keyword(s):

Root Growth ◽

Mitotic Index ◽

Industrial Effluent ◽

Root Tip ◽

Chromosome Loss ◽

Chromosome Break ◽

Effluent Sample ◽

Effluent Concentration ◽

Tip Cells ◽

Root Tip Cells

Abstract The physicochemical analysis of collected effluent sample for different parameters shown results as pH (pH 5.6 ± 0.11) slightly acidic, high conductivity (1563.34 ± 176 μs cm−1), total dissolved solids (920.34 ± 137 mg L−1), high BOD (7253.34 ± 1022 mg L−1), and COD (756.67 ± 1124 mg L−1) in the effluent sample. The results of heavy metals concentration are viz. as [Cu (1.98–2.56), Co (0.26–0.53), Cd (0.10–0.50), Ni (0.04–0.07), Pb (0.58–1.2), Mn (0.58–1.05), Cr (1.47–1.51), Zn (2.61–3.5), Fe (1.72–2.13), As (0.05–0.09), and Hg (0.003–0.006)]. Results revealed the higher concentration of BOD, COD, TDS, and conductivity and also the concentration of lead. Results of GC–MS also confirmed the high levels of organic pollutants in effluent. Further the effluent toxicity was evaluated by employing genotoxocity assays with the use of Allium cepa L. (onion) root tip cells. Genotoxicity measured mitotic index (MI) and chromosomal aberrations (CAs) in root tip cells obtained after treatment with effluent of 6.25, 12.5, and 25% concentration (v/v). The results of root growth test showed that inhibition of root growth occurred at effluent concentration ≥ 50% (v/v). The lowest MI was recorded (MI = 9.6%) in 25% of effluent concentration, showing a significant reduction in mitotic index compared with control which MI = 64.1%. Further, the chromosomal aberration was investigated in root tip cell after treating with different concentration ranges of effluent exhibiting various CA, viz. c-mitosis, chromosome loss, chromosome break, micronucleated cells, etc. The result suggests that the effluent contained toxic constituents, which imposed cytotoxic and genotoxic hazard.

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Effects of Al 3+ on root growth, cell division, and nucleoli in root tip cells of Zea mays L.

Israel Journal of Plant Sciences ◽

10.1560/60t3-4w31-7qef-emyq ◽

2001 ◽

Vol 49 (1) ◽

pp. 22-26 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

DONGHUA LIU ◽

WUSHENG JIANG

Keyword(s):

Zea Mays ◽

Cell Division ◽

Root Growth ◽

Zea Mays L ◽

Root Tip ◽

Tip Cells ◽

Root Tip Cells

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Pro-metaphase arrest, polyploidy, micronuclei, and mitotic abnormality inducing agents’ isolation from leaf aqueous extract of Clerodendrum viscosum Vent

10.1101/2020.11.29.402370 ◽

2020 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Sujit Roy ◽

Lalit Mohan Kundu ◽

Gobinda Chandra Roy ◽

Manabendu Barman ◽

Sanjib Ray

Keyword(s):

Root Growth ◽

Petroleum Ether ◽

Aqueous Extract ◽

Root Tip ◽

Root Growth Inhibition ◽

Leaf Aqueous Extract ◽

Clerodane Diterpenoids ◽

Clerodendrum Viscosum ◽

Tip Cells ◽

Root Tip Cells

AbstractClerodendrum viscosum is a traditionally used medicinal plant and the earlier reports indicate its leaf aqueous extract (LAECV) contains metaphase arresting, cell cycle delay, and mitotic abnormality inducing active principles. The present study aimed to isolate pro-metaphase arresting, polyploidy, micronuclei, and mitotic abnormality inducing active principles of LAECV. The LAECV was successively fractionated as petroleum ether (PEF), chloroform (CHF), and ethyl acetate (EAF) fractions. All the extract fractions were tested for Allium cepa and Triticum aestivum root swelling and root growth inhibition analyses. The petroleum ether fraction was selected for further cytotoxicity analysis on A. cepa root tip cells and was processed for detection of the active principles through HPLC, LC-MS, GC-MS, and IR analyses. The comparative seedlings’ root growth and swelling patterns indicate the bioactive principles are effectively fractionated in PEF and GC-MS analysis revealed the presence of Clerodin (m/z 434.3), 15-hydroxy-14, 15-dihydroclerodin (m/z 452), 15-methoxy-14, 15-dihydroclerodin (m/z 466), and 14, 15-dihydroclerodin (m/z 436) with a retention time of 14.038, 14.103, 14.480 and 14.655 respectively. Thus the present study explores clerodane diterpenoids of LAECV as pro-metaphase arresting, polyploidy, micronuclei, and mitotic abnormality inducing active principles.

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